I NTRODUCTION TO I NFECTIONS. I NFECTION Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body...
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Transcript of I NTRODUCTION TO I NFECTIONS. I NFECTION Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body...
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INTRODUCTION TO INFECTIONS
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INFECTION
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms
in body tissues, especially that causing local
cellular injury due to competitive
metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication,
or antigen-antibody response
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Overview of Plasmodium's life cycle
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFECTIONS
Airborne infection: one that is contracted
by inhalation of microorganisms or spores
suspended in air on water droplets or dust
particles.
Droplet infection: infection due to
inhalation of respiratory pathogens suspended
on liquid particles exhaled by someone already
infected.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFECTIONS
Endogenous infection: that due to
reactivation of organisms present in a dormant
focus, as occurs in tuberculosis.
Opportunistic infection: infection by an
organism that does not ordinarily cause
disease but becomes pathogenic under certain
circumstances (e.g., impaired immune
responses).
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AIRBORNE INFECTION
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RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
Infection involving the respiratory tracts
Classified as an upper respiratory tract or
a lower respiratory tract infection
Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia,
tend to be far more serious conditions than
upper respiratory infections, such as the
common cold.
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URTI
Infections in the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
Typical infections of the upper respiratory tract include:
Tonsillitis
Pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Influenza
Common cold
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SYMPTOMS OF URTIS
Cough
Sore throat
Runny nose
Nasal congestion
Headache
Low grade fever
Sneezing
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LRTI
Lower respiratory tract infections are generally
more serious than upper respiratory infections
LRIs are the leading cause of death among
all infectious diseases
The two most common LRIs:
Bronchitis and pneumonia
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PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of
the lung
Especially affecting the microscopic air sacs
(alveoli)
Associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a
lack of air space (consolidation) on a chest X-ray
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CAUSES
Microbial infections:
Bacteria,
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Other causes
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TYPICAL SYMPTOMS
Cough
Chest pain
Fever
Difficulty breathing
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DIAGNOSIS
X-rays
Sputum examination
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CLASSIFICATION
Community-acquired
Aspiration
Hospital-acquired
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
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CAUSATIVE AGENTS
Viruses and bacteria (most common)
Fungi and parasites (less common)
Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria:
Up to 45% of infections in children
15% of infections in adults
Causative agent is not isolated in approximately
half of cases
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INFLUENZA
Influenza affects both the upper and lower
respiratory tracts
More dangerous strains such as H5N1 tend
to bind to receptors deep in the lungs
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MANAGEMENT
Antibiotics
Antiviral