INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

For a real integration of Biodiversity in Green Wall conception and maintenance

05/09/2014

National Museum of Natural History of ParisNatural Heritage Service

Sophie COHEN & Philippe GOURDAINscohen@mnhn.fr

gourdain@mnhn.fr

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Purpose : Improve knowledges about nature conservation

Manage databases and give access to informations on the natural heritage

National Inventory of Natural Heritage : http://inpn.mnhn.fr/accueil/index

To identify our structure :

Workforce : actually 90 employees : naturalist, expert, geomatic specialist, …

50 studies or expert assessment/ years Management of 12 national species inventories 14 billions data managed

Natural Heritage Service (SPN)

Manage national scientific programs

Assess the state of conservation of biodiversity : develop standard methods, tools, reference documents…

©P. GOURDAIN

©P. GOURDAIN

©P. GOURDAIN ©P. GOURDAIN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Selection of some sites to test ecological index (quarries, landfill sites, etc.)

Monitoring and evaluation after ecological

settlement

Objective: Improve the consideration of biodiversity on company policies

(50)

(77)

(40)

Collection of good practices, scientific overview Action plan on biodiversity

II. Evaluation of scientific issue : Index development

I. Scientific expertise on different sites compagnies and workplaces

Several part of the conventions :

IV. Monitoring of action plans : land settlement etc.

III. Management recommandations

Partnership agreements on biodiversity

©P. GOURDAIN

©GoogleMaps

©P. GOURDAIN

©P. GOURDAIN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UKBuilding and biodiversity

Approach

• Diversity of species : Fauna and Flora• At local scale

Define positive management measures for biodiversityAssess and monitor the advantages of long-term managements

• How preserve and receive biodiversity in urban context ?

• What kind of biodiversity ?

• How control negative impacts of these activities ?

©S. COHEN©S. COHEN©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UKBuilding and biodiversity

The building Context and Issues

• Overview of the situation : local biodiversity (common and rare), type of project, area ecological functions

• How the site can be placed into the larger surrounding context ?

Site Functionality

Consider the project in a wider area according to the biodiversityWhat actions to what potential benefits ?

©GEOPORTAIL

©GEOPORTAIL

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

• Site permeability : animals displacement

• Site placed into the larger surrounding context : Local biodiversity, connectivity, pedology

• Diversification of species habitat : reproduction, alimentation, all the life cycle (common and rare

biodiversity)

Site Functionality

issues

• Time scale : is it possible to wait for the plant to grow ?

• Aesthetic : can we accept non homogenous green wall?

• Supply of provision : local plants and substrates

Stepping Stones

Building

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

©O. DELZONS

©GEOPORTAIL©GEOPORTAIL

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

4 major types of Green Walls

• Young technology : expansion since 2006 Lack of Feedback

Diversity of systems

Few entreprises are working on biodiversity thematic

• Majority of systems are based on aesthetic aspect

• Unclear legal situation : no professional rules

Continuous sheet (Patrick Blanc system )

Climbing plantSubstrate filled metallic cage : system more used in France

Modular planted wall

French context of Green Wall

©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Plante & Cité, ARRDHOR, 2012 : studies of administrator green wall experience feedback.Few figures (based on 250 wall studied) :

- Small surface : 75% < 50 m²- strong investment : 300 < 700 < 1500 € HT/m²

- 15 to 20 plant / m²- 10 to 20 % species replace / years- Maintenance : 25 < 60 < 180 € HT/m²/an

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Be careful to• Over-estimate of consumption• Invasive species

Green Wall

Give priority to system with :

• Less consumption of raw material (water, substrate)

• Less management

• Renewable resources : fertilization (compost), substrate

• Control system of consumption (water, fertilizer)

• Native species adapted to less maintenance, climate conditions and stress

• Local substrate (respect area pedology)

• Promote natural colonization/development

• Regular scientific monitoring (decrease over time)

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

• Less plants diversity but local species (Hedera

helix, Dioscorea communis, Lonicera periclymenum, … )Be careful to invasives species : Parthenocissus sp.,….

Green Wall Climbing plantsWeight LowDifficulties of implementation

Easy

Cost Material : LowImplementation : Low

Maintenance LowFew knowledge necessary

Water consumption LowWater stress Low sensibilityFreeze Low sensibility

• Easy maintenance : Fertilization : compost Water : rainwater recuperation

(emergency watering)

• Very interesting for birds and arthropods (Chiquet & al., 2013; Madre, 2014)

Lines of research• Place to natural recovery (stone

wall) : lichen, moss• Work on material : brick facade,

porous substrate• Combining green walls and green

roofs : animals movement

Climbing plant Green Wall and lines of research

Climbing plant green facades

©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN

©Végétal Local

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

3. Implementation and maintenance ;

4. Communication : public awareness and education

5. Biological monitoring

1. Replace site into its context

2. Recreate permeable zones for biodiversity in urban areas and take into account the ecological characteristics : identify species/habitats issues (local scale), including local ordinary biodiversity; identify species movement capabilities (support site).

6. Increase knowledge concerning new technologies and materials to support biodiversity

Conclusion

©S. COHEN

©S. COHEN©P. GOURDAIN

©CEMAGREF

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Thank you for your attention

©C. FOURNIERINTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Type de murs Cages métalliques Nappes continues Modules performés Jardinières avec plantes grimpantes

Type de végétalisation Verticale Verticale Verticale Verticale et horizontale

Maillage Acier galvanisé, inoxMaille treillis : 100 mm X 100 mm

Hauteur : 500 mmEpaisseur de fil : 4.5mm

/ / Plantes volubiles : section ronde de 4 à 30 mmPlantes à vrilles : treillage verticale et horizontale

équidistant de 10 à 20 cmArbrisseaux : treillis de 25 à 50 cm

Espacement du treillis par rapport au mu : 5 cm

Epaisseur 150 à 180 mm Panneau en PVC : 1 cmEspace entre la structure et le mur : 4

cm

Dépend du module /

Structure Cages métalliques préconstruites, fixées sur des rails, contenant un substrat retenu par un paillage tissé PP ou d’un feutre de fibres

végétales

planche de PVC expansé, film tissé de polypropylène, nappe d’irrigation,

structure tubulaire en métal, cuve de récupération

Dépend du module treillage en bois, câbles d’acier, fibres de verres

Poids Dépend de l’épaisseur, dimension de la structure, et du type de substrat utilisé.

Cage : Environ 8 kg vide et 68 kg avec substrat

7 kg / m² de panneau PVC expansé de 10 mm d’épaisseur

3 à 5 kg /m² pour la nappe d’irrigation1 à 5 kg pour les plantes

20 à 50 kg / m² pour la structure métallique

Dépend du module Dépend des plantes utilisées : 1 à 50 kg/m²

Consommation d’eau 120 < 650 L/m²/an < 1600 Entre 1,5 et 3 L/m²/jour Dépend du module /

Substrat ou support Mélange de composés organiques et de minéraux inertes

Nappe d’irrigation (aquanappe) Dépend du module Terreau

Entretien 2 à 3 fois par anCout 45 € HT/m²/an

Au moins une fois par moisCout 75 € HT/m²/an

Dépend du module 2 à 3 fois par an

Type de murs brevetés Greenwall, Wallflore, Casa verde, VertiGreen F150, VegetEau, Vivagreen, Amytis, Canevaflor,

Patrick Blanc Mobilane Façade, Vertiss Plus, Ductal, Texigreen,Vertiss Roll,

Velplan

Green Wall Substrate filled metallic cage

Continuous sheet Modular planted Climbing plants

Weight High Low Medium LowDifficulties of implementation

High Medium Medium Easy

Cost Material : HighImplementation : High

Material : LowImplementation : High

Material : HighImplementation : Low

Material : LowImplementation : Low

Maintenance Medium High Low LowProfessional needed Professional needed Few knowledge necessary Few knowledge necessary

Water consumption Medium High Medium LowWater stress Sensibility Medium High sensibility Low sensibility Low sensibilityFreeze Sensibility Medium High sensibility Low sensibility Low sensibility

INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK