In the name of God

ACLPCL

Persented by :

Bahador Rafiee

Anterior Cruciate Lig. Posterior Cruciate Lig.

Anatomy

ACL , PCL

Function

1-Anterior Drawer Test anterior force applied at 90 degrees of flexion

Examination

2-Posterior Drawer Test

Most accurate test for PCL tear. Patient in supine position with knee flexed 90°. Apply a posteriorly directed force to proximal tibia.

Examination

3-Lachman Test best test for ACL laxity.  Knee placed in 20-30 degrees of flexion, the femur is stabilized, and an anteriorly directed force  applied to proximal calf. 

Examination

4-Pivot-Shift TestConfirms complete ACL tear. Based on very early flexion causing anterior subluxation of the tibia that is reduced with further flexion (20-40 degrees) due to the posterior pull of the iliotibial tract.

Examination

Mac Murray’s Test Examination

An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury. ACL tears can also occur during rough play, mover vehicle collisions, falls, and work-related injuries. About 80% of sports-related ACL tears are "non-contact" injuries. This means that the injury occurs without the contact of another athlete, such as a tackle in football. Most often ACL tears occur when pivoting or landing from a jump. The knee gives-out from under the athlete when the ACL is torn.

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Female athletes are known to have a higher risk of injuring their anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, while participating in competitive sports.

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Noncontact injury An audible pop often accompanies this injury, which often

occurs while changing direction, cutting, or landing from a jump (usually a hyperextension/pivot combination).

Within a few hours, a large hemarthrosis develops. Patients usually are unable to return to play, secondary to

pain, swelling, and instability or giving way of the knee.Contact and high-energy traumatic injuries These injuries often are associated with other ligamentous and

meniscal injuries. The classic "terrible triad" (ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

tears) involves a valgus stress to the knee with resultant acute injury to the ACL and MCL; however, the medial meniscus tear is now thought to occur later, as a result of chronic ACL deficiency.

Clinical feature

Radiography

In adult with bone fracture

With other lesion

Just ligament tearing : 1- normal people

2- athlete people

Chronic tearing

Treatment

Thanks for your attention