I- · Ms. Whalsn alas woke frogs Gene= by radio* Pinally, Er, Sean Soste~, Deputy SecretarpGenera1...
Transcript of I- · Ms. Whalsn alas woke frogs Gene= by radio* Pinally, Er, Sean Soste~, Deputy SecretarpGenera1...
such hanericsn ssppzimr(~lbin ( ~ a c k ) Johnston =as with hin as
Xtwopcasn ~ommiosioner) heartiness prevails and one t P r e a of St.
We dined together wZth Swe-tser and ~ e l t at the Higot Villa.
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"League of Hationa Dayt* was celebrated at the Her York'
VorXd's Wfr on Sipturdrcy, Qataber 21se9 in socorbnce with the
prauti~e of the Fair t o devote a special day to saoh official
with spt~Ee%~brsz reg~eeen%lag not only the Lrtague and the Pair
bu3 also the United& Statels Federal authorftie~*
&# &&win F, Roo@evelZ, Director of Faref gn P&rt%cri@atf on,
yreroidesd and Xr. Juliuar Bcrlmes, Ass is tant t o the Preeridsnt of
the Pair, weloomed the m e a t s an behalf o f the Pair. &,
3kangasSn Gerig, Deputg Cemmissioner-13en~ral I spoke in New Yo*
on b s h l f of the League and MT, Adrian keltl C O I ~ ~ ~ ~ S S ~ Q ~ ~ ~ - ~ Q A @ X L ~ ~
detained at Geneva, sent greetings by radio*
Hon, Henry F. GraBy, Assistan* Secretarr of St&%% and aenbsr
of the League's Scancrmtic Camittee, carao froa Washfngtoa t o
partScipate in the cererazony and nade a atstemenf Sn regard to
American collaboration with the League* We Charles a?. $~oQfard
Deputy Commfsaioaex of the UnPted States New York Worldto Fair
Sutuui@sisn, syoka OD the future of the League. br, Prank
B~udrsau~ former Acting Pirectas of the Leagus8s Besltb Ssetfan,
and other representative hericans also stressed their fa i th in
the League.
A n interesting feature of the ceremony -8 the prersenoe in
Geneva of &, Grover "Whalen, kresident of the Fair, who Se now
visiting Europe wi t12 his &haropean ~ o i i a e i o n e r , Era dlbin
Johnson, Iln caanecti~n with the trontinuation of the Fair next
year. Ms. Whalsn a las woke frogs Gene= by radio*
Pinally, Er, Sean S o s t e ~ , Deputy SecretarpGenera1 of the
League, delivered a special radio address on the present ~d
future work of the League.
Reports from B e r York indicate a P s ~ ~ g e atlt~nzhnce at the
ceraaaanyt with perfect weather and exoellent radio mceiytlon
from Gem=,
The speeobser follows-
GXTBACT SYYECH BY EeRa CitBDT
Eeaae ier not solely a polit ical wsttsr. If 51 is t o bs
enduring At must be based upon the prospikrity and well-being of
the psap3.e~ of the world, For this reason we have weloumed the
opportunity t o participate in the Leap;uets efforta t o organiss
cooperation in the fPePds o f economfca, finance and health, and
in dealing with a multitude of other sooisl and technical
problems, and we have received nany benefits from our yartSciystion
in the League's work in these fields. The recent outbreak of
war serves t o fnditmte theLt efforts whfcb have been rn~dat t o
satablish unety and hamany in the world have not been adequate,
They mattrrsf bs s4;r~rrgtbened in the ywrs ahead, To be effectire,
such e f fo r t s resqu5rs ooaraSnation and direction. In view of tha
hi& degree of ~ 0 ~ ~ p 1 e x i t y lend far-rsoohisZ.g interdependenas fn
m a d m ~ c ~ n o a y , it cannot be expected %hat world unity rill coma
about without carefd. planning and international orgap~isstion,
Bseent sveafe hsrvrs proven in a g r f m the need of aoxe rather
tba less machinew for peaas, a aesd, whioh will becoma increas-
ingly erpy&renS when the pr@~Emt canflSet csaSa8rel.** It Ss
cartah, I believe, that in the canstructfona of the next part-
nar order the League which for twenty yeasa has been &a experi-
nental Zaboratsrgr in the arganisat Pun of intematlansl ~ocSety -11
have an ilaportarnt pl&cal
S13EECB BY MR. LZSTSI,
You who kiave gathered t a &ow your interest in the League
may ask w h a t it i s doing and i>la9nfxlg in these %rag40 d a y s @ That
question I shall attemgt t o answer briefly and lcorrciseZyt leavfw
a s i h the larger d o l i t i o s l issues. Of thanj you can judge ss
w e l l as we) perhaps, with your ysrspeotive, even batter.
A p e a t disaster has came upon the world.
Bisto~y r r r u ~ t assess i t s eausee.
Thi.8 asttaajtrophe narks a collective faf l w e far mankind; s
failure in aUah a l l of .rag h v e same sherrar and on scooun't o f
which we aiulert a11 feel a deep humilityl
What Pn this tom world a- the League do 4;adsyP There
are I think three f i c k d s o f activity8 a first during the present
misf at seuond, at the settls~entj and thfrd, during the
reconrs%mct&an afterwards. Let ms aulalysa each briefly and try
t o osst some light h t o the zmoertain future eurd giwa perbapa
some s n c o ~ ~ e m e n t 932 this ~ r e 8 e n t dark Iima8nta
F i r s t , w h a t can the Lsagus do in the crisis? Obviously i t
will have t o tiadapt i t 8 work considerably. Sme sativiticer
which rere very desirable in a s b t e of peace will bacoma
Qntpoesible tn a state of" -. Other8 not xrlrse8~4 933 t h e of peaticre
tfll probabXy &evelop. PSsarma8leat, for Sastanee, on which sucth
efforts haw been and dl1 spin be ersr2ed, i s not for today;
cultural effort@ &re difficult under present circurrrstanoeag other
aotivftfes repreaentfng same o f the higheet ideals of e iv i l i sa f ia
may have f a be suspended+
Methods of work nrtlept change, allso, The =any meetings whi~b,
5n recent years, hare brought geople together from all over ths
world and f o r all. sorts of fntlerests nil1 have t o be seduoed.
got only f e travel very difficulf in war conditions bere, but m a
tend t o withdraw within the ir own frontiers, Vork requiring the
presence o f p o p l e from many cauntries at cornon centre a911
be di f f iau l t bath materially and peychologically. This will
inev9ta'bly tend towards moss eanoentrated and ex;l@rt activities
and ~tudierer*
Great opportulf t i s a reaafn open, however* The twentieth
bssemhly wh2ch meets next lon nth for questions such a g the thPr4
general eleation of JuQes of the &e?maqent Court; of Infsxsl .t3o~Z
Justfce, w i l l outline future Lsague work, ;particularly in econmi~,
sotliar. and health matters.
The 'League, will s t i l l , despite the war, find a l a r e f i e l d
of usehtlnear~~ k b l i c health matters will bulk very Isrr$re,
perhaps even larger than before the war, The L~otgue*s worldwfBe
service of egSdeaiological intelligence a i J 1 be nore and nore
necessary as n;atioaaX services beema over-burdened by ftae new
omerpncles, snd as new eplbeaics, perhaps, deveSop,ouf of the
war in both Europe surd A s i a ,
kroblerns of nutrition, for which the League has bui l t up a
far-reaching system of study and ca-oparstiarr, are likely t o taka
on grater importmas aar foe4 supplies djlninish snd poverty
increases throughout $he world+
The League's anti-drug work reyresenS~ the most highly
dem2oyad cooperation yet attained a~ongst the nations+ I t w i l l ,
be in~reasfngly essentialb s o t only bacauss government esatrol
nay relax uxider the strain of w a r but a l s o because there is a1way~~1
f&r greater sddiction to drugs Sn such time@.
The same grim necessity exists far tho continuation of the
League's efforts against trafflic i n women and children, in faoe
of the dialocationa and poverty of war.
Then them ia the field of eoonora%cs and f i m a e . The
Laague's work of ~eatra1ising ennd a o o r d f r m t i ~ infol~asatioxr Prom
all parts sf the wor ld , which ha8 been o f imense value t o Govern-
nents, businesmen and sstudents alike,. wilf. also t&ke on added
h y o r f ~ o e as cnnditiane change frm m n t h t o saonth, from day t o
day, f t ~$11 be more bgortant than ever, intieed, t o know no+
only a9 the activity of the world% seonomic atachinery, but of
the my in which puvarpmeats are changing, improving, hped iqg
or breaking f b t machinery through war meagures.
There are but a f e w s e n p l e ~ of present y o e s i b i l i t i e e ~ they
a m far frulai exhaustive, The: conclusioxi wsuM seem *t;o be t b f
while mch regular League wo*, SncZuBisrg aonre of if@ most
deeirable, fill have t o be sacrifiaed, such w i l l be even more
neoessary than 'before. St521 Bore o f a whaZly new type will
develop dut of the Useapse, ill-health, poverty, malnufritfon a d
other offfspring o f war.
Not by any reeans fhs l e a s f o~ntributian that the League aan
aaks at thia present moment is of a definitely rnorsl and
spfrituacl rmture. It oan, in fact, keep alive at least one
aentre of faternatisraal coIlabor&tion and sanity where men*s
efforts are cooperative sad where whatever is poss ible in the way
of interrrra.tiarna1 collaboration w i l l rstill ffnd wolcoms etnd
asrsisfanca. T h a t alone would llaarsr than justify i t 8 efforts.
The eacund responsibility which the League B P U S ~ fore8ee i g
in relation t o the eetSl@ment whSch rill cven%ually come out ~f
the pressrjlt canflicpt* Whether sz not the League as such has a
dietinct ro l e to play at that t h e ) the expsrPenes it b a
rac~uired during the parat twenty years r219 be essential. Betem
the last war those had bean l i t t le exgsrfenoe with general
organissd Antemati o m 2 co-opration$ there was, fndeeb, no
maohSnsrl~r for the purpose als there ; 9 ~ today, Conferanas,
dfrrcussio~ and rstudhy ;have sinus then csrested a m a t ~ikserv03.r
of experienae and bowledge ragartling such problmr as disar9pa-
nent, $xadiag rta1~btiun~) ~ z ' & ~ B P o P ~ , ourrency and f%nsnee, contm2,
of barikward areas and the l i k e , Sweaty years* exyerience bas
bean had in all %he~ilrp fields4 nea have begun t o know what i e
practiorabla and what is not; %hey have begun t o ses at Z w s t the
possible disection of international action, The erperSsnae
ocqufrsd so laboriously lest Cane- these past two deoa4s~ fill IMD
2nmluabXe when the world oases %o 1 % ~ next re~sttlemeat.
A third respon#fbility for %he League sill be fhs % h o s t
lo~er+b_ah%ng psoBPe;~ls of reo~nstruction whlch xi11 have t o follow
fbe &ematation sf mar. It i s ~wsrential t o tblo iatsresrts of all
tbt Ithare be planning for post-war econaaic oondftions, *%ah
will ccloaely and witally affect every nation AA the world,
bellSprent; andl n ~ u t r a l a l i k e . These yrobleas will deaanrrlt &A
effort, pes ter and more world-ride, tharr ratankrnd hss ever
attenptsd. Tho ljations rill have need of every aouroe of'
s8rer~gtls esud oooi~artrtion yorasible. They w i l i have t~ go far
s f f e l d in old damins an6 enter entirely new and unexsloracd ones.
As the Secretary-CeneraX mid at the oyening of the League's
"Think of the problens that w i l l arise when tbe
annsments race is closed, whether by war or by m i n t B k f
psablsma wi3.S be raised thraugh the closing dom ox the
The League hap had an experience in effecting international
cooperaltion and aaeteting renargenciasr mch as nu other aprscry.
f t is only necessary to recall Dr. Nanaent s superb work in
mpatriatkng some 400,000 prisoners of war, the safeguarding o f
Europe against the westward march of a devastating porat-war typhus
epiCem?Lc, the interchange of rt rai219cn and a half Greeks an4
Turks in Mstory* its grastedsst; transf .esr of populetli~ns, the fiamcial
assi.stazlcs g5vsn 80188 h d f dosen d&ngarausly-s't;rain~d States fa
eastern &"usopet l a X l t o clear away the debris of the l a a t
nrjLr and gmvent the outbreak of new diaalsterrs. l h n y a b i l t a r
p r o b l e ~ a , alae, a d perhaps on an even greater scale, rill preeent
$hensse2vea afier the confl ict of t a b y when the L e a s e aachinezcg
will osrtstnly have it@ cantrfbu-t;lan t o mprke.
Vs muaZ axso re~eaiBer that the pre-war Tear of 1939 was $82
fron normal. The world has been l i v ing tn a state of ~USSP*
persslanent energenoy, War has found lrrany probleme; nstiell unsolved
aad no patch-work reoonatruiaticm w%ll do,
m e League, though going through t i i f f i e a t tfmea t o b y , HIBLX
face i t s greateat possibi l i - t i ss tsmrtrrow+ Cooysratian miongot
nstione is seassn.tri~~Z unless the world i~ going t o resim i t se l f
t o 3erpetual canfliat and war. Forms may ck~nga but tha
prfnciplet3 and a~zeds remain. The, wor3idvs hopera have been oast
&om, 'but S;n one fonn or anothe~ humariity must find some metho&
t o svfo5d war and t o enable peoples t o give a d %a gef the ooopara-
tion vrhfoh prsgrees 4emainde. To that enit, tbe pseeent inter-
must be, preserved dur b g
the, e-n grsalsr cririris ~hfcb may oome when 'the amitka alps unlookedl,
The League sepre~entrs a gropbg of mankind far a better way
of settling disputes than sleughtler and the ruthless use o f
military foroe; wfeee Zt, or sontething Pike it, is given the
aeoessary mppsrf, the worltf yill never rim above a state of
rscuxrent war and crisi~, There ni l1 be, as &firc ds Valema
once mid, a return t o the l a w o f the jungle+ L e t u~ not, there-
fore, indulge in pessl.m%rmt a r harsh judpsn l j let ual on the
eontmry, look into .the future with determination and fagth,
.ar%icularly on this day of r ~ c ~ n s t ~ ~ c t l o n devoted t o the Lewe A
of Rations by tha Bew York i"u'orld*s Pair ,
I'emit; Be, In that connection, t a say a ward rcg~arding the
Leaguete participation in the Fair. The League had never
attempted anything like this before3 it entered uson it with a
certain hss i tat iou. the
results. We have appreuiated the friendly relations which have
existed rgth the authositiers a8 we51 aa ths interssf mmifsste~d
by over a, aillion Americtiln oitisans who b v e pasrsad through our
PtuSlBing 3Ln the paat 8- months.
A s%r%king proof of thfa Saterest is the aponbneaue offer
of some herOean friends t a make possible the kecpiaep open o f Whe
pavilion next year, Tie welome thf s gmsrsus gesture# let as,
with couraget confideaoe s~na faith in maakinh, gfve each athex
rsludeaveus in yo- buflding next year in the hope of alil~cmst@neea
more &in t o the syirit of the League and the idsala of humajrity,
of the Ssc~stsry-Gsnera3, opmn%n@ the Leagusts i.sLv%lien 8-
mon.ths Ihe worlrb r a l s r even, then be&@* with &ead Lest
keno1 askled you t o look upon the League k'a~ilien as a mark uf
fafth in the u 2 t b a t e es.tablb.btuaent of pwce fu l collaboration
s3noag the aa.t;lonlls t
tfgs on? ~ n d %ha% beiw sol 1st ue not pernit the League 1t3
@perish, even fhougb it wtandanaid ruin. The graver the
"world sifu~tion, the greater w i l l bo the need fox it, 1%
*'sill be upyheld by our faith and our taork."
I t is a rare griviLcge aud ap2ortunity that has besn offered
t o ms t o speak to America from Gcnsva, Svit%erlan&, on thia day
Beiiicated, at the %ew Yosk Vorld*~ Fair, to the League o f Batfons,
t o ~rouwho are @thexed at the Court of Yeam?, on the %As
Grounds *
Pro5 over here, ia the heart of Xurope, America- eec9ma s low way off1 W5th the guns thundiering along many front$ien*s, with
even eeutmxl countries like SwSt;zttr lsnd haviag 1 ~ : of their entirr
yopnlat&sn beax5ng am^, peace takes an a new aimifi~w~ce*
Zt is because we have erperieneed w h a t wear - at least t o
a cSviP populatfon - %a Uks, that we wcPcorns tliis oyportunitp
t o Sjapsess upon you, at hme, how fort;unate, you are not t o be
faoeti with the terrible consequences tbt today cenfPant Eusope,
The people of the United S t a t e s ashauld tbank God that we arts still
at peaae # ~ d we ehouPd pray fervently t b t we may not be dram
inlte the ~onf'l iat. Xn a f e w sumenfar you w i l l h % a ~ the vobcab of
Irlfi., Sean Leeter, Deyuty Secsefary-Ganera'J, of Lhs League of
wbboh, $as@ite the reverses i.t ha8 suffered, still @%&ads as a
beacon light fn an o therwi~e darkening worl4r
Created largely through the efforts of %he distir?Efuilsheh
k*gaeriaeul, Wtti0odxow Zilson, *he League t o b y r@y?rrzrssntr?, the on12
serious effort of c iv i l i sad wttions t o organfse a yeacehl world.
Today, X waxit t o j o l n wi th yon ~aho are gathered at the World% 3
Fcais rLn paying honiage t a er great Snstitution*
expeefa t o be with us in 1940, 1 aa advised %?&at the cc)mpet@nt
skuthorStiea wS11 recommend t o the Az"iacemb1y qhich negts early in
The League ~ a v i l i o n , f amr sure, ~$13, be even more popular
5n P940than it has been in She yasf year, X f ? ~ % L l b e a shrine
t o be visited by a13 those who Pook forward t o the day when
cZvilise4 peosle w i l l hasmar their sworda into ylou~h sharee and
war or911 be banished from this earth*
25th Oetober, 3353
Have Just heard fron W;oxtalshed an return from Ireland, flu%%
Dorothy &1~g, after all, yaased her Trinity i3ntrance in -tin
and ha8 begcur College, Am very pleased,
A letZIes frosa ratsy has twelve terrible ayelling mistakes.
But she wrStie2s with an b y t s h vivacity.
Cre5aer has been promoted as Cauleiter, st toanan.
W t ~ ~ k h a r d t , talking with ms today, saya he (c.) had refused t o
take part in the kicking-out casenony, 8. wrote t o him fron
Kamas, 1st e forsnsl protest, 2ndly, oozataendkng t o his care
Beier and Laemer, B d heard he had brought Beier t o kosnm
tknd given him rr nice l i t t l e 3ab. Glad t o hear of It, Poor
G ~ ~ + ? & S @ F had son@ heart, after all, B. says he broke down in
tears at $heir S a s t psiwte talk - O V ~ T GBXI I~BRY*~ position.