I MPACT OF ENSO IN THE RETREAT OF ECUADORIAN GLACIERS By: Matías Miranda, Juan Martin Andrade, Sara...
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Transcript of I MPACT OF ENSO IN THE RETREAT OF ECUADORIAN GLACIERS By: Matías Miranda, Juan Martin Andrade, Sara...
IMPACT OF ENSO IN THE RETREAT OF ECUADORIAN GLACIERSBy: Matías Miranda, Juan Martin Andrade, Sara de la Puente
INTRODUCTION:Did you know, the Ecuadorian glaciers lost 22% in the past 48 years?
Background
information
ENSO:• ENSO stands for, El Niño Southern
Oscillation. Two types of changes are El Niño and La Niña.
• EL Niño causes the easterly trade winds move warm water against the western part of the Pacific and occurs typically every three to seven years.
• La Niña causes the water to become colder and land to become dry.
• To prevent a major disasters caused by ENSO, people should not built near the ocean because they will be damaged.
Glacier Retreat:
• Glacier 15 is located in the Antisana volcano
between a height of 4820 meters above sea level
• The glacier retreated 4.56 meters each year
between the years 1956 to 1996
• The decrease of the glacier’s mass is related to
ENSO
• In 48 years, 22% of glacier 15 has been lost
• If this continuous there will be no more glaciers
which means there is not a water supply for living
things
Our LabResearch Question:Does ENSO affect the retreat of the Ecuadorian glaciers?Explanation:For this lab we collected data from temperatures of Galapagos islands and later we created a excel worksheet to present the change in temperature during seven months.Steps:Central 2• We took temperatures for 7 consecutive months
from central 2 region islands.• Later we found the average of those
temperatures.• Using the average temps. we created a table and
a scatter plot• At last we calculated the slope and y-intercept of
this linear relationshipSouthern• We used the data for past 5 years of the Southern
region • Then, we created a scatter plot and found the
equation of that data of 5 years• We got data for Antisana glacier 15 retreat (2000-
2004)• Finally, we made a scatter plot and equation
Tableand
Graph
Average Sea Surface Temperatures Of the Galapagos Central 2
2014-2015
Month# of
MonthAvg. temp
September
1 21.94
October 2 21.19Novembe
r3 22.57
December
4 23.39
January 5 23.66February 6 24.46
March 7 26.87
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 820.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
f(x) = 0.800357142857147 x + 20.2390476190476
Average Sea Surface Temperatures Of the Galapagos Central 2 2014-
2015
Avg temp Linear (Avg temp)
Month (starting September 2014)
Avg
Tem
p (
c°)
Calculations
To find the equation of the linear relationship for the average sea surface temperatures, we had to first find the slope. Then we plugged in the equation the slope to find the y-intercept. This let us find the proper equation.
SouthernGalapagos
TempsAverage Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for the Galápagos Southern
Islands 2010-2014
Year # of Year Avg Temp (C°)
2010 0 21,5
2011 1 22,76
2012 2 23,17
2013 3 22,71
2014 4 23,89
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 520
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
f(x) = 0.473 x + 21.86
Average Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for the Galápagos Southern Islands
2010-2014
Year (starting with 2010)
Ave
rage S
ST(C
°)
Table and Graph
Glacier 15
Antisana's Glacier 15 Retreat
Year # of Year Area (m2)
2000 0 365464
2001 1 346139
2002 2 322614
2003 3 308616
2004 4 3002070 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
f(x) = − 16803.7 x + 362215.4
Antisana's Glacier 15 Retreat
Year (starting with 2000)
Are
a(m
2)
CONCLUSION:• The slope of the linear relationship is positive because it
increases
• ENSO is affecting the sea surface and it also affects the retreat of the country’s glaciers
• The glaciers are alarmingly decreasing their mass and retreating, this could cause several problems to animals, plants, and humans
• We think more people should be aware of the retreat of the glaciers and help prevent it by not polluting the environment
Sources:
• Climate change and tropical Andean glaciers: Past, present and future. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2015, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825208000408
• Module 3, Investigation 1: Briefing 1 What are the effects of ENSO? (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2015, from http://cmmoodleuio.cloudapp.net/pluginfile.php?file=/17904/mod_assign/intro/climatechange-9-12.pdf