FIVE YEAR PLANS OF INDIA

-i j -i j J J J j J j J J—_i—j—j

First Five Year Plan (1951-52 to 1955-56)

to

Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-13 to 2016-17)

(in 3 volumes)

PART I: Economic Development and Economic Flanning: Theoretical Settings • Economic Development: Determinants and Constraints • Principles of Economic Flanning

PART II: Resources, Poverty and Economic Flanning in India • Human and Natural Resources of India • Problems and Issues in India's Development Efforts • Five Year Plans: Institutional Framework, Objectives and Financing • Achievements of Five Year Plans D Areas of Concern and Overall Assessment of Flanning Experience

PART III: Economic Reforms, Future Prospects and Challenges • Sector-wise Account of Economic Reforms in India: 1991-2013 • Future Prospects and Challenges before the Indian Economy

PARTS IV to XV: Sector-wise Summary of and Sector-wise Edited Extracts from each of the Five Year Plans (I to XII)

PART XVI: Sector-wise Time-series Data on the Indian Economy: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Bibliography, Name Index, Subject Index

By

M.M. SURYand VlBHA MATHUR

New Century Publications

New Delhi, India

CONTENTS IN BRIEF

Volume 1

Part I: Economic Development and Economic Flanning: Theoretical Settings 1. Economic Development: Determinants and Constraints 1-16 2. Principles of Economic Flanning 17-26

Part II: Resources, Poverty and Economic Flanning in India 3. Human and Natural Resources of India 27-72 4. Problems and Issues in India's Development Efforts 73-123 5. Five Year Plans: Institutional Framework, Objectives and Financing 124-142 6. Achievements of Five Year Plans 143-180 7. Areas of Concern and Overall Assessment of Flanning

Experience 181-192

Part III: Economic Reforms, Future Prospects and Challenges 8. Sector-wise Account of Economic Reforms in India:

1991-2013 193-210 9. Future Prospects and Challenges before the Indian Economy 211-218

Part IV: First Five Year Plan: 1951-52 to 1955-56 10. Sector-wise Summary of First Plan 219-236 11. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from First Plan 237-324

Part V: Second Five Year Plan: 1956-57 to 1960-61 12. Sector-wise Summary of Second Plan 325-350 13. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Second Plan 351-418

Volume 2

Part VI: Third Five Year Plan: 1961-62 to 1965-66 14. Sector-wise Summary of Third Plan 419-442 15. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Third Plan 443-516

Part VII: Fourth Five Year Plan: 1969-70 to 1973-74 16. Sector-wise Summary of Fourth Plan 517-537 17. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Fourth Plan 538-600

xvi Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

Part VIII: Fifth Five Year Plan: 1974-75 to 1978-79 18. Sector-wise Summary of Fifth Plan 601-615 19. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Fifth Plan 616-642

Part IX: Sixth Five Year Plan: 1980-81 to 1984-85 20. Sector-wise Summary of Sixth Plan 643-666 21. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Sixth Plan 667-734

Part X: Seventh Five Year Plan: 1985-86 to 1989-90 22. Sector-wise Summary of Seventh Plan 735-756 23. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Seventh Plan 757-828

Part XI: Eighth Five Year Plan: 1992-93 to 1996-97 24. Sector-wise Summary of Eighth Plan 829-852 25. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Eighth Plan 853-928

Volume 3

Part XII: Ninth Five Year Plan: 1997-98 to 2001-02 26. Sector-wise Summary of Ninth Plan 929-951 27. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Ninth Plan 952-1042

Part XIII: Tenth Five Year Plan: 2002-03 to 2006-07 28. Sector-wise Summary of Tenth Plan 1043-1069 29. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Tenth Plan 1070-1 150

Part XIV: Eleventh Five Year Plan: 2007-08 to 2011-12 30. Sector-wise Summary of Eleventh Plan 1151-1169 31. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Eleventh Plan 1170-1276

Part XV: Twelfth Five Year Plan: 2012-13 to 2016-17 32. Sector-wise Summary of Twelfth Plan 1277-1300 3 3. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Twelfth Plan 1301-1398

Part XVI: Sector-wise Time-series Data on the Indian Economy: 1950-51 to 2011-12

1399-1474 Bibli0graph> 1475-1490

NamelndeX 1491-1494

SUbjeC"ndeX 1495-1510

CONTENTS IN DETAIL

Volume 1

Unit and Currency Conversion Table ix About the Book xi-xii About the Authors xiii Acknowledgement . xiv Contents in Brief. xv-xvi Contents in Detail xvii-xxxii Authors' Note on the Book xxxiii-lviii Explanation of Select Terms Used Frequently in Plan Documenta lix-lxvi English Equivalents of Select Hindi Terms Used in Plan Documents lxvii-lxx Abbreviations/Acronyms lxxi-lxxx

PARTI: Economic Development and Economic Flanning: Theoretical Settings

1. Economic Development: Determinants and Constraints 1-16 1.1 Basic Problems of an Economy 1.2 Price Mechanism in a Free Market Economy 1.3 Central Flanning in a Socialist Economy 1.4 The Case of Mixed Economy 1.5 Economic Growth and Economic Development 1.6 Determinants of Economic Development 1.7 Balanced Growth versus Unbalanced Growth 1.8 Environmental Concerns of Economic Development

2. Principles of Economic Flanning 17-26 2.1 Nature of Democratic Flanning and the Role of State 2.2 Objectives, Strategies and Priorities in Flanning 2.3 Problem of Resources 2.4 Some Essential Conditions for Successful Flanning 2.5 Perspective (Long-range) Flanning

PART II: Resources, Poverty and Economic Flanning in India

3. Human and Natural Resources of India 3.1 Demographic Trends and Policy

27-72

xviu Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

3.2 Land Resources 3.3 Water Resources 3.4 Forest Resources 3.5 Mineral Resources

4. Problems and Issues in India's Development Efferts 4.1 Poverty: Concept, Causes and Incidence 4.2 Unemployment: Nature and Estimates 4.3 Social Security for Vulnerable Croups 4.4 Inclusive Growth for Social Justice 4.5 Food and Nutritional Security 4.6 Regional Inequalities 4.7 Archaic Labour Laws 4.8 Deterrents to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 4.9 Environmental Concerns 4.10 Summing Up

5. Five Year Plans: Institutional Framework, Objectives and Financing

5.1 Economic Flanning: Pre-Independence Thinking 5.2 Economic Flanning: Constitutional Provisions 5.3 Establishment of the Flanning Commission 5.4 Establishment of National Development Council (NDC) 5.5 Objectives of Economic Flanning in India 5.6 Financing of the Plan 5.7 Centralisation of Revenues and the Need for Transfers 5.8 Mechanism of Central Transfers to the States 5.9 Transfer of Resources through the Finance Commission 5.10 Transfer of Resources through the Flanning Commission 5.11 Centrally Sponsored Schemes 5.12 Size and Pattern of Central Transfers

6. Achievements of Five Year Plans 6.1 Changes in Composition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 6.2 Breakthrough in Agriculture 6.3 Rural Development 6.4 Industrial Progress and Diversification 6.5 Infrastructure Development 6.6 Remarkable Performance of Services Sector 6.7 Employment Generation

73-123

124-142

143-180

Contents xix

6.8 Health, Family Weifare and Nutrition 6.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 6.10 Science and Technology 6.11 Social Justice 6.12 Reasonable Degree of Price Stability

7. Areas of Concern and Overall Assessment of Flanning Experience 181-192

7.1 Areas of Concern 7.2 Overall Assessment of Flanning Experience

PART III: Economic Reforms, Future Prospects and Challenges

8. Sector-wise Account of Economic Reforms in India: 1991-2013 193-210

8.1 India's Development Pattern: 1950-80 8.2 New Economic Policy, 1985: Precursor to Economic Reforms 8.3 Industrial Policy Statement, 1991 8.4 Agricultural and Rural Development 8.5 Industry, Minerals, Infrastructure and Energy 8.6 Fiscal Policy Reforms 8.7 Monetary Policy and Credit Management 8.8 Financial Sector Reforms 8.9 Environment, Disaster Management and Climate Change 8.10 Foreign Trade, Aid and Investment

9. Future Prospects and Challenges before the Indian Economy 211-218 9.1 Future Prospects 9.2 Challenges Ahead

PART IV: First Five Year Plan: 1951-52 to 1955-56

10. Sector-wise Summary of First Plan 219-236 10.1 Plan at a Glance 10.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 10.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 10.4 Mineral Resources 10.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 10.6 Urban Development and Housing

XX Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

10.7 Transport and Communications 10.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 10.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 10.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 10.11 Science and Technology 10.12 Social Weifare 10.13 Balanced Regional Development

11. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from First Plan 237-324 11.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 11.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 11.3 Mineral Resources 11.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 11.5 Urban Development and Housing 11.6 Transport and Communications 11.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 11.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 11.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 11.10 Science and Technology 11.11 Social Weifare 11.12 Balanced Regional Development

PART V: Second Five Year Plan: 1956-57 to 1960-61

12. Sector-wise Summary of Second Plan 325-350 12.1 Plan at a Glance 12.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 12.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 12.4 Mineral Resources 12.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 12.6 Urban Development and Housing 12.7 Transport and Communications 12.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 12.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 12.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 12.11 Science and Technology 12.12 Social Weifare 12.13 Balanced Regional Development

Contents xxi

13. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Second Plan 351-418 13.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 13.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 13.3 Mineral Resources 13.4 Electricity and other RenewableEnergy Sources 13.5 Urban Development and Housing 13.6 Transport and Communications 13.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 13.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 13.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 13.10 Science and Technology 13.11 Social Weifare 13.12 Balanced Regional Development

Volume 2

PART VI: Third Five Year Plan: 1961-62 to 1965-66

14. Sector-wise Summary of Third Plan 419-442 14.1 Plan at a Glance 14.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 14.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 14.4 Mineral Resources 14.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 14.6 Urban Development and Housing 14.7 Transport and Communications 14.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 14.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 14.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 14.11 Science and Technology 14.12 Social Weifare 14.13 Balanced Regional Development

15. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Third Plan 443-516 15.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 15.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 15.3 Mineral Resources 15.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 15.5 Urban Development and Housing 15.6 Transport and Communications

Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

15.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 15.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 15.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 15.10 Science and Technology 15.11 Social Weifare 15.12 Balanced Regional Development

PART VII: Fourth Five Year Plan: 1969-70 to 1973-74

16. Sector-wise Summary of Fourth Plan 517-537 16.1 Plan at a Glance 16.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 16.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 16.4 Mineral Resources 16.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 16.6 Urban Development and Housing 16.7 Transport and Communications 16.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 16.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 16.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 16.11 Science and Technology 16.12 Social Weifare 16.13 Balanced Regional Development

17. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Fourth Plan 538-600 17.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 17.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 17.3 Mineral Resources 17.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 17.5 Urban Development and Housing 17.6 Transport and Communications 17.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 17.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 17.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 17.10 Science and Technology 17.11 Social Weifare 17.12 Balanced Regional Development

Contents xxiii

PART VIII: Fifth Five Year Plan: 1974-75 to 1978-79

18. Sector-wise Summary of Fifth Plan 601-615 18.1 Plan at a Glance 18.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 18.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 18.4 Mineral Resources 18.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 18.6 Urban Development and Housing 18.7 Transport and Communications 18.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 18.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 18.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 18.11 Science and Technology 18.12 Social Weifare 18.13 Balanced Regional Development

19. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Fifth Plan 616-642 19.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 19.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 19.3 Mineral Resources 19.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 19.5 Urban Development and Housing 19.6 Transport and Communications 19.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 19.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 19.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 19.10 Science and Technology 19.11 Social Weifare 19.12 Balanced Regional Development

PART IX: Sixth Five Year Plan: 1980-81 to 1984-85

20. Sector-wise Summary of Sixth Plan 643-666 20.1 Plan at a Glance 20.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 20.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 20.4 Mineral Resources 20.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 20.6 Urban Development and Housing

xxiv Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

20.7 Transport and Communications 20.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 20.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 20.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 20.11 Science and Technology 20.12 Social Weifare 20.13 Balanced Regional Development

21. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Sixth Plan 667-734 21.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 21.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 21.3 Mineral Resources 21.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 21.5 Urban Development and Housing 21.6 Transport and Communications 21.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 21.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 21.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 21.10 Science and Technology 21.11 Social Weifare 21.12 Balanced Regional Development

PARTX: Seventh Five Year Plan: 1985-86 to 1989-90

22. Sector-wise Summary of Seventh Plan 735-756 22.1 Plan at a Glance 22.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 22.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 22.4 Mineral Resources 22.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 22.6 Urban Development and Housing 22.7 Transport and Communications 22.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 22.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 22.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 22.11 Science and Technology 22.12 Social Weifare 22.13 Balanced Regional Development

Contents

23. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Seventh Plan 757-23.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 23.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 23.3 Mineral Resources 23.5 Urban Development and Housing 23.6 Transport and Communications 23.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 23.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 23.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 23.10 Science and Technology 23.11 Social Weifare 23.12 Balanced Regional Development

PART XI: Eighth Five Year Plan: 1992-93 to 1996-97

24. Sector-wise Summary of Eighth Plan 829-24.1 Plan at a Glance 24.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 24.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 24.4 Mineral Resources 24.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 24.6 Urban Development and Housing 24.7 Transport and Communications 24.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 24.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 24.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 24.11 Science and Technology 24.12 Social Weifare 24.13 Balanced Regional Development

25. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Eighth Plan 853-25.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 25.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 25.3 Mineral Resoutces 25.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 25.5 Urban Development and Housing 25.6 Transport and Communications 25.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 25.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition

xxvi Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

25.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 25.10 Science and Technology 25.11 Social Weifare 25.12 Balanced Regional Development

Volume 3

PART XII: Ninth Five Year Plan: 1997-98 to 2001-02

26. Sector-wise Summary of Ninth Plan 929-951 26.1 Plan at a Glance 26.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 26.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 26.4 Mineral Resources 26.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 26.6 Urban Development and Housing 26.7 Transport and Communications 26.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 26.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 26.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 26.11 Science and Technology 26.12 Social Weifare 26.13 Balanced Regional Development

27. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Ninth Plan 952-1042 27.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 27.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 27.3 Mineral Resources 27.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 27.5 Urban Development and Housing 27.6 Transport and Communications 27.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 27.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 27.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 27.10 Science and Technology 27.11 Social Weifare 27.12 Balanced Regional Development

Contents xxvii

Part XIII: Tenth Five Year Plan: 2002-03 to 2006-07

28. Sector-wise Summary of Tenth Plan 1043-1069 28.1 Plan at a Glance 28.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 28.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 28.4 Mineral Resources 28.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 28.6 Urban Development and Housing 28.7 Transport and Communications 28.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 28.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 28.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 28.11 Science and Technology 28.12 Social Weifare 28.13 Balanced Regional Development

29. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Tenth Plan 1070-1150 29.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 29.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 29.3 Mineral Resources 29.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 29.5 Urban Development and Housing 29.6 Transport and Communications 29.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 29.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 29.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 29.10 Science and Technology 29.11 Social Weifare 29.12 Balanced Regional Development

PART XIV: Eleventh Five Year Plan: 2007-08 to 2011-12

30. Sector-wise Summary of Eleventh Plan 1151-1169 30.1 Plan at a Glance 30.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 30.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 30.4 Mineral Resources 30.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 30.6 Urban Development and Housing

Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

30.7 Transport and Communications 30.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 30.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 30.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 30.11 Science and Technology 30.12 Social Weifare 30.13 Balanced Regional Development

31. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Eleventh Plan 1170-1276 31.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 31.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 31.3 Mineral Resources 31.4 Electricity and other Renewable Energy Sources 31.5 Urban Development and Housing 31.6 Transport and Communications 31.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 31.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 31.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 31.10 Science and Technology 31.11 Social Weifare 31.12 Balanced Regional Development

PARTXV: Twelfth Five Year Plan: 2012-13 to 2016-17

32. Sector-wise Summary of Twelfth Plan 1277-1300 32.1 Plan at a Glance 32.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 32.3 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 32.4 Mineral Resources 32.5 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 32.6 Urban Development and Housing 32.7 Transport and Communications 32.8 Employment and Labour Weifare 32.9 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 32.10 Education, Training and Skill Development 32.11 Science and Technology 32.12 Social Weifare 32.13 Balanced Regional Development

Contents xxix

33. Sector-wise Edited Extracts from Twelfth Plan 1301-1398 33.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 33.2 Industrial Policy and Public Sector 33.3 Mineral Resources 33.4 Electricity and Other Renewable Energy Sources 33.5 Urban Development and Housing 33.6 Transport and Communications 33.7 Employment and Labour Weifare 33.8 Health, Family Flanning and Nutrition 33.9 Education, Training and Skill Development 33.10 Science and Technology 33.11 Social Weifare 33.12 Balanced Regional Development

PARTXVI: Sector-wise Time-series Data on the Indian Economy: 1950-51 to 2011-12

1399-1474 National Income, Savings and Capital Formation Table 1: Gross National Income (GNI), Net National Income (NNI) and Per

CapitaNNI: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 2: Gross Domestic Savings and Gross Domestic Capital Formation: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 3: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of States and Union Territories, 2011-12

Table 4: Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of States and Union Territories, 2011-12

Agriculture Table 5: Trends in the Production of Foodgrains in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 6: Trends in the Area under Foodgrains Cultivation in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 7: Trends in the Per Hectare Yield of Foodgrains in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 8: Trends in the Production of Major Commercial Crops in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

XXX Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

Table 9: Trends in the Area under Cultivation of Major Commercial Crops in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 10: Trends in the Per Hectare Yield of Major Commercial Crops in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 11: Trends in the Production of Oilseeds in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 12: Trends in the Area under Cultivation of Oilseeds in India: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 13: Trends in the Per Hectare Yield of Oilseeds in India: 1950-51 to 2011-2012

Industry Table 14: Index Numbers of Industrial Production: 1981-82 to 2011-12

Table 15: Performance of Small-scale Industries (SSI) Sector, 1973-74 to 2010-11

Government Finances Table 16: Combined Tax Revenue, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect

Taxes with Percentage Shares and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 17: Gross Central Taxes, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect Taxes with Percentage Shares and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 18: Share of States in Central Taxes, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect Taxes with Percentage Shares and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 19: Net Central Taxes, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect Taxes with Percentage Shares, and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 20: States' Own Taxes, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect Taxes with Percentage Shares and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 21: States' Total Tax Revenue, Breakdown between Direct and Indirect Taxes with Percentage Shares and Tax-GDP Ratios: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Table 22: Income Tax (including Corporation Tax) Collections: 1950-51 to 2013-14

Table 23: Wealth Tax Revenue: 1957-58 to 2013-14

Table 24: Central Excise Collections: 1950-51 to 2013-14

Table 25: Revenue from Customs Duties: 1950-51 to 2013-14

Contents xxxi

Table 26:

Table 27:

Table 28:

Table 29:

Table 30:

Table 31:

Money and Prices Table 32: Components of Money Stock: 1970-71 to 2011-12

Table 33: Wholesale Price Index: 1993-94 to 2011-12

Banking and Finance Table 34: Savings Deposits with Scheduled Commercial Banks: 1951-52 to

2011-12

Table 35: Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India: Select Aggregates: 1979-80 to 2011-12

Table 36: Trends in Call Money Rate, Exchange Rate, BSE Sensex and NIFTY: 1965 to 2013

Employment Table 37: Employment in Public and Organised Private Sectors: 1970-71 to

2009-10

Foreign Trade Table 38: Trends in India's Trade Balance: 1971-72 to 2011-12

Table 39: Trends in India's Exports of Principal Commodities: 1987-88 to 2011-12 (USSmillion)

Table 40: Trends in India's Exports of Principal Commodities: 1987-88 to 2011-12 crore)

Table 41: Trends in India's Imports of Principal Commodities: 1987-88 to 2011-12 (US$ million)

Key Deficit Indicators ofthe Central Government: 1970-71 to 2013-14

Revenue from Agricultural Income Tax Levied by State Governments: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Land Revenue Collections of State Governments: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Revenue from Sales Tax Levied by State Governments: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Revenue from State Excise Duty: 1950-51 to 2011-12

Revenue from Entertainment Tax Levied by State Governments: 1950-51 to 2011-12

xxxii Five Year Plans of India: First Plan to Twelfth Plan

Table 42:

Table 43:

Table 44:

Trends in India's Imports of Principal Commodities: 1987-88 to 2011-12 (? crore)

Trends in the Direction of India's Foreign Trade: 1987-88 to 2011-12 (US$ million)

Trends in the Direction of India's Foreign Trade: 1987-88 to 2011-12 (? crore)

Bibliography Name Index Subject Index

1475-1490 1491-1494 1495-1510