I. Forensic Anthropology A. Anthropology cartilage in adults Adults have longer ,thicker bones...
Transcript of I. Forensic Anthropology A. Anthropology cartilage in adults Adults have longer ,thicker bones...
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I. Forensic Anthropology
A. Anthropology
a. Physical Anthropology
1.Human skeletal systems a.) Its changes b.) Variations (ex. age)
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b. Archaeology
1. study the “remains” of human cultures from the past
2. What kinds of “things” would be left behind from a culture?
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3.Trained to reconstruct events from the recent past
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4.Trained to excavate bones from the ground
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a.) use of Archaeology-reconstruct past events
Mass murders by the Saddam Hussin in Iraq
An Iraqi man sits amid bags containing 11,000 human remains exhumed Saturday from a mass grave site near Mahaweel, Iraq.
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B. Forensic Anthropology
1. specializes in
the changes and
variations in the
human skeleton
for the purpose
of legal inquiry
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2. provide
basic
identification
of
skeletonized
or badly
decomposed
remains.
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3. From a bone or part of a bone, they may be able to determine the biological profile:
age range Sex Race height Cause of death
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4. They look at
bodies that are
decomposed
badly burned
mummified
skeletonized
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II.Osteology p. 412
A. The Study of bones 1. 206 bones in an adult
human 2. Osteons – the cells that
make up bone material
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B. Bone Classification
1.Long bones -longer than wider
Ex. Limbs-the femur
or thigh bone
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2. Short bones –
equidistant in size
Ex. Wrist or
ankle bones
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3. Flat bones –
enclose major organs
Ex. Skull,ribs, sternum, hip bones, scapula
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4. irregular bones –
oddly shaped
Ex. Vertebrae,
skull
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C. Function of bones: “morphology”
1.Provides structure and rigidity
2.Protects soft tissue and organs
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3.Serves as an attachment for muscles
4.Produces blood cells
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D. Differences between Human and Animal bones
1.Osteons
a. in animals are regular in shape
b. in humans are irregular in shape
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E. Gender Differences in Bones
1. The pelvis of the female is
wider. > 100o
2. Males have a narrow subpubic
angle < 100o (A)
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Male Female
Sub Pubic Angle
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3.Gender Differences
a. The ribcage /
shoulders of males
are wider/ larger than
females. (12prs)
1/20 people w an extra
rib. =more common -
males than females.
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Females
Skull is rounder /forehead fuller
Jaw (mandible) smaller
Coccyx (tailbone)
Movable -why?
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Males
Skull has larger brow/jaw
Pelvic bones are heavier/ rougher (muscle attach)
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Maori Warrior of New Zealand
They are part of the Polynesian culture.
All Blacks
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F. Race Identification of
skeletal remains:
1. Race is difficult to determine from most skeletal remains, especially since pure races are becoming uncommon.
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2.Morphology is the description of the bone shape and its function
“FORM AND FUNCTION”
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3. Which bone is the most useful for identifying race?
The Skull
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a. Caucasoid—European, Middle
Eastern, and Asian Indian
b. Africoid—Sub-Sahara African,
Aborigine, and African American
c. Mongoloid—Asian, Native
American and Polynesian
4. Skull Categories
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Observe: What differences do you notice
between these three skulls? Can you
determine race?
5. Skull Characteristics
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a. Caucasoids have a long,
narrow nasal
aperture
oval orbits
narrow
zygomatic arches
narrow
mandibles.
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a triangular palate
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b. Africoids have a wide nasal
aperture
square orbits
more pronounced
zygomatic arches.
The long bones
are longer
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a rectangular palate
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c. Mongoloids
have a more rounded nasal aperture
rounded orbits
wide zygomatic
arches
more pointed
mandibles.
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a broad, U-shaped palate
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G. Age Determination
1. estimations from:
Teeth
Epiphyses or growth plates in long bones
Cranial sutures: appear as distinct lines in youth and gradually close from the inside out (fusion).
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2. Children vs. Adults
Less cartilage in adults
Adults have longer ,thicker bones
Females stop at 18yrs
Males stop at 21yrs
Pelvic bones fuse
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3. Age Determination Using 3
Cranial Sutures
Babies- “Fontanelles” soft spots in the skull, membranes between the flat bones.
Allow for compression during birth
Expansion during growth
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a. Complete closure of all three major sutures
–Male—over 35
–Female—over 50
4. Skull Fusion over time