Scientific investigations on

PLANTS

in the regulation of

Hypothyroidism

Presented by

Dr. Sudhakar Kokate

Director PPRC, India

Thyroid gland

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Thyroid gland

Thyroid is a Greek adjective which means :

“Shield-shaped”

In 1600 B.C. medical history, Chinese were

using burnt sponge and sea-weed for the

treatment of goitres

“Celsus” first described a bronchoceole in

15 A.D. PPRC/INDIA 02

Thyroid gland

In modern times, thyroid was first

identified by the anatomist Thomas

Wharton in 1665. He named the gland as

thyroid

Butterfly shaped, small organ is situated

on the trachea below the larynx

Composed of 2 cone-like lobes / wings PPRC/INDIA 03

Thyroid gland

These two lobes are:

Lobus dexter (Right)

Lobus sinister (Left)

Extends to 5 – 6 tracheal ring covered by

fibrous sheath

Most important organ for maintenance of

good health

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Thyroid gland

It secretes two hormones:

Thyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

It regulates all body functions including

carbohydrates, protein and fat

metabolism growth and reproduction,

neural and cardiac functions

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T3 hormone

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T4 hormone

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Thyroid gland

Hormonal output from thyroids regulated

by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

produced by anterior pituitary, which itself

is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing

hormone (TRH) produced by the

hypothalamus

One of the largest endocrine glands

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Thyroid stimulating hormone

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Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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Thyroid gland

In 1909, Theodor Kocher from

Switzerland won the Nobel Prize in

medicine for his work on the Physiology,

Pathology and Surgery of the thyroid

gland

To regulate the growth and rate of function

of many other systems in the body

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Theodor Kocher

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Thyroid problems

Often over-looked

Lack of awareness and ignorance have

also led to an increase in the number of

thyroid related disorders

In this disease lower secretion of thyroid

hormones

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Thyroid problems

Diseases: Cretinism, Myxoedema, Goitre

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive thyroid): is

due to the overproduction of the thyroid

hormones T3 & T4

Hypothyroidism: is due to under

production of thyroid hormones T3 & T4

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Cretinism

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Myxoedema

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Goitre

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Causes

• Hashimoto’s diseases

• Inflammation of the thyroid

• Congenital hypothyroidism

• Surgical removal of part or of the thyroid

• Radiation treatment of the treatment

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Causes

Hypothyroidism related problems:

Cardiac

Hepatic

Endocrine

Reproductive anomalies

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Symptoms

Fatigue

Weight gain

Puffy face

Cold intolerance

Dry skin

Decreased sweating

Joint and muscle pain

Constipation

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Factors influencing & increasing the

chances of developing thyroid disease

Goitre problem

Surgery of thyroid

Radiation

Family history

Heart palpitations

Rheumatoid arthritis

Genetic disorder

Age > 60 years

Anaemia

Diabetes

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Loss of appetite

Anxiety

Irritability

Muscle weakness

Chest pain

Hair loss

Insomnia

Eye complaint

Factors influencing & increasing the

chances of developing thyroid disease

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Hyperthyroid medications

1. Amiodarone, a heart medication

2. Interferon alpha, a cancer medication

3. Lithium, a bipolar disorder medication

4. Interleukin-2, a kidney cancer medication

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Thyroid hormone medications

Drugs:

Levothroid

Levoxyl

Synthroid

Cytomel

Euthroid

Thyrolar

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Side-effects of thyroid hormone

medications

1. Nervousness

2. Heart palpitations

3. Tremors

4. Too much weight loss

5. Bone thinning

6. Frequent bowel movement PPRC/INDIA 25

The system of thyroid hormones

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Thyroid-related symptoms

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Thank You!!

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