Hypobaric Environment
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Hypobaric EnvironmentExercising at Altitude
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Physiological Adaptation to Altitude
• Short Term Adaptation• Hyperventilation.• Increase in submaximal heart rate.• Increase in submaximal cardiac output.• Stroke volume remains same or slightly lowered.• Maximum cardiac output remains same or slightly lowered
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Physiological Adaptation to Altitude
Long Term Adaptations
• Hyperventilation• Submaximal heart rate remains elevated.• Submaximal cardiac output falls to sea level values or lower.• Stroke volume is lowered.• Maximum cardiac output is lowered.• Possible increased capillarization of skeletal muscles.• Increased mitochondria• Increased aerobic enzymes• Decrease in plasma volume• Increased hemoglobin concentration• Increased number of red blood cells
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Performance at Altitude
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Acclimatization: Prolonged Exposure to Altitude
• Blood Adaptation– Increased erythrocyte (RBC) production – more
hemoglobin– Increased oxygen carrying capacity
• Muscle Adaptation– Total muscle & body weight decreases at
altitude– Dehydration & appetite suppression
• Metabolic Adaptation– The decreased VO2max with initial exposure to
altitude does not improve much during several weeks of exposure
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Altitude Training & Performance
• Sea Level Performance– Most studies show that altitude training leads
to no significant improvement of sea level performance
• Altitude Performance– Altitude training can improve performance in
altitude– Training guidelines for altitude competition
• Arrive within the first 24 hr• Train at altitude of 1500m to 3000m for at least 2
weeks prior to performing
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Lake Louise Self-Report Questionnaire
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Clinical Assessment
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