Hypertension? - London South Bank University · Linda Nazarko Nurse Consultant North West...
Transcript of Hypertension? - London South Bank University · Linda Nazarko Nurse Consultant North West...
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Hypertension?
An evidence based approach to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension
Linda Nazarko Nurse Consultant
North West Healthcare NHS Trust
12th March 2015 LSBU, London
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Aims and objectives
To be aware of:
How to define and classify hypertension
How treatment differs in younger and older
adults
How to treat
When to treat
Evidence based guidance
Considerations when managing co-
morbidities
Managing medication
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Prevalence hypertension
A quarter middle aged
Half those ages 65 and over
Diabetes doubles risk
Afro-Caribbean and Indian heritage increases risk
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Consequences hypertension
2mmhg rise BP = 7 percent rise CHD risk and 10 percent stoke mortality
Managing = 58,000 major CVEs avoided
Lives saved, QOL improved and £97.2 million PA saved
2mmg Hg rise
7 percent rise CHD
risk
10 percent stroke
mortality
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What is hypertension?
“A sustained rise in BP above 140/90 mmHg” (NICE, 2011)
Generally three or more readings required to diagnose hypertension
(NICE, 2011: NICE, 2013)
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How to diagnose
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Classification of hypertension
Stage one is, a clinic measurement of 140/90 mmHg or higher, along with a subsequent ABPM daytime average or HBPM at 135/85 mmHg or higher)
Stage 2 hypertension is, a clinic measurement at 160/100 mmHg or higher and subsequent ABPM daytime average or HBPM of 150/95 mmHg) at any age
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Lifestyle interventions
Maintain healthy weight
Exercise & be active
Don’t smoke
Alcohol in moderation
Reduce salt intake
Eat well, limit caffeine
Manage stress
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Treatment recommendations
People under 40 stage one hypertension and no target organ damage, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or renal disease should be evaluated for other secondary causes of hypertension by a specialist.
People under 80 with stage one hypertension and low cardiovascular risk – life style changes and monitor
Treat people under 80 with stage one hypertension and one of the following: target organ damage, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, or a 10-year cardiovascular risk equivalent to 20% or more and low cardiovascular risk
Treat people of any age with stage two hypertension -a clinic measurement at 160/100 mmHg or higher and subsequent ABPM daytime average or HBPM of 150/95 mmHg) at any age including over the age of 80.
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Key points
Increased focus calcium channel blockers over 55’s, because reduced adverse events and cost-effectiveness.
Thiazide-like diuretics an alternative for those with heart failure, or over 80s who cannot tolerate calcium channel blockers.
When choosing a thiazide-like diuretic, chlorthalidone or indapamide may be more effective than bendro-flumethiazide.
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Guide to diagnosis and treatment Aged over 55 years or black person of African or
Caribbean family origin of any age
Step one
Calcium channel blocker (CCB)
(Amlodipine)
Step two
Add ACE inhibitor (ACEiAged over 55 years or black person of African or Caribbean family origin of any age)
(Ramipril, enalapril or lisinipril)
Step three
Add Thiazide type diuretic
(Indapamide)
Step four resistant hypertension
Add further diuretic therapy
Spironolactone 25mg once daily
If not tolerated, C/I or ineffective, consider an alpha blocker (doxazosin) or a beta-blocker (atenolol or bisoprolol).
Consider seeking specialist advice
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Diabetes
ACE inhibitors first line
Slow progression of renal complications
Reduce development microalbuminuria DMT2
Reduce insulin resistance
S/E cough- 20 percent affected
Monitor U&Es
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Co-morbid conditions
Heart failure – diuretics – BP
Prostatic hypertrophy – tamsulosin
Parkinson’s – BP
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Hypotension/overtreatment
Growing recognition dangers over treatment
Postural hypotension – falls, dizziness, reluctance to walk around
Cerebral hypoperfusion
Non compliance leading to overtreatment
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Reviewing anti-hypertensives
Golden rule – make one change at a time and weight to see results
But its not always possible to follow this one
Go down steps as you went up
Simplify regimes, maximise each step before going up
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Take home messages
Check patient is actually taking medicine
Check taking them as prescribed
Ask about side effects
Remember the Goldilocks rule
Remember that its about the person’s quality
of life not just about blood pressure
Review
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Thank you for listening
Any questions?