Hypertension
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HYPERTENSION Maria O. Lens, RN, PHN, MSN, FNP-BC
description
Hypertension. Maria O. Lens, RN, PHN, MSN, FNP-BC. What is hypertension? Measured in mmHG There are two readings (Systolic and Diastolic) It is considered hypertension when one or both readings are higher than normal (120/80 mmHg). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Hypertension
HYPERTENSIONMaria O. Lens, RN, PHN, MSN, FNP-BC
What is hypertension?
Measured in mmHG
There are two readings (Systolic and Diastolic)
It is considered hypertension when one or both readings are higher than normal (120/80 mmHg)
Diagnosed as hypertension when in two separate visits the blood pressure is higher than normal (120/80 mmHG)
Systolic pressure is high if higher than 140, ideal to be 120 or lower
Diastolic pressure is high if greater than 80, ideal to be lower than 80
Now if BP is slightly elevated 120-139/80-89, it is considered as pre-hypertension
CAUSES
Water and salt intake
Kidneys
Blood vessels
Nervous system
Age
RISK FACTORS
Ethnicity (African-American) Diabetes Obesity Smoke Stress Increase Sodium in diet Family history
OTHER CAUSES
Alcohol abuse Arthrosclerosis Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetes Adrenal tumors (hormonal) Medications (OCP, Corticosteriods, appetite
suppressants)
SYMPTOMS
Ear ringing/buzzing Fatigue Headaches Irregular heartbeat Nose Bleeds Vision Changes
TESTS
Yearly physical Exams
Urinalysis
Electrocardiograms
TREATMENTS
Beta blockers Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) Alpha blockers Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Vasodialators
PREVENTION
Low Sodium diet Low fat diet Exercise regularly Reduce stress Maintain body weight Avoid smoking High fiber foods (fruits and vegetables)
REFERENCES
Kaplan NM. Systemic Hypertension: Therapy. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 41.
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Rockville, Md. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US Department of Health and Human Services; August 2004. National Institutes of Health Publication No. 04-5230.
Wolff T, Miller T. Evidence for the reaffirmation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on screening for high blood pressure. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:787-791. [
