ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES

PRESENTATION BY

HYPER CAR

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CONTENTS•WHAT IS HYPER CAR ?• DRIVE SYSTEMS•FUEL EFFICIENCY•ULTRA-LIGHT•LOW DRAG AERODYNAMIC DESIGN•ROLLING RESISTANCE

•HYBRID ELECTRIC DRIVE

•HYPER SAFETY

•ECONOMIC ASPECTS : LOSERS

•ADVANTAGES

•DISADVANTAGES

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Ultra-light , Low-Drag, Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV)

2 Sources of energy:

1. Fuel cells, gas turbines, diesels, lean burn gasoline engines

2. Flywheels, batteries, ultra-capacitors

2 Drive trains

1. Internal Combustion Engine- gas or alt. fuels

2. Battery driven electric

What is a Hyper car?

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Conventional

Internal combustion engine coupled to wheels through the transmission, driveshaft, etc.

Hybrid-Electric

Engine (or other power source) generates electricity from fuel, which then powers electric motors that turn the wheels

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DRIVE SYSTEMS

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Fuel Efficiency

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FUEL EFFICIENCY

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Six Main Sources of Energy Loss in a Conventional Car:

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Hyper car Strategies to Reduce Energy Losses

Ultra-light

1. 1994 Average U.S. Passenger car 1439 kg

2. 2000-2005 Hyper car (4-5 seat) 521 kg

Low Aerodynamic Drag

Hybrid-Electric Drive system

Efficient Accessories

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Ultra-light Composites

Embed strong reinforcing fibers in a supporting "matrix" of polymer

Advanced Composites

Long or continuous reinforcing fibers such as carbon or aramid (kevlar) in addition to glass .

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ULTRA-LIGHT

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GM’s 1991 Ultra-lite Concept Car

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Mass Decompounding

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EXAMPLE OF HYPER

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Low-Drag Aerodynamic Design

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LOW DRAG AERODYNAMIC DESIGN

Smooth underbodyLow-angle windshieldsTapered rear endMinimized body seamsAerodynamically designed air intakes, suspension, and wheel wellsResult: 40-50% decrease in drag

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Rolling Resistance

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ROLLING RESISTANCE

1/3 engine output lost Solution

1. lightweight car2. tire improvements3. improved wheel bearing and brake design

Reduction in rolling resistance by 50-80%

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Hybrid-Electric Drive

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HYBRID ELECTRIC DRIVE

Series1. Engine with generator to supply electricity for battery pack and electric motor2. No mechanical connection3. Power transferred electrically to wheel motor

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Hybrid-Electric Drive Parallel

Direct mechanical connection between hybrid power unit and wheels Electric motor drives the wheels Example

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HYBRID ELECTRIC DRIVE

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Hybrid-Electric Drive

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Generate electricity from the fuel, powers wheel motorsElectric motors can recover part of the braking energy

Wheel Motor

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Hybrid-Electric Drive

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• Large decrease in engine size

• reduces weight, cost, fuel consumption

• Drive system efficiency doubled

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Efficient Accessories

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Avoid heat buildup by using:

Insulation, special heat-reflecting glass, solar-powered vent fans

Innovative cooling and dehumidification systems

Improved headlights and taillights

More efficient electronics and interior lighting systems

EFFICIENT ACCESSORIES

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Hyper car

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Hypercar Safety Advanced composites Smaller propulsion system

Room at both ends of the car for materials dedicated to crash energy management

Front and side airbags, harnesses with pretensioners and stress-limiters, padding, active headrests

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HYPER SAFETY

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Toyota’s Hybrid-Electric Prius Sedan

Japanese market for one year

Not ultralight (weighs 330 lbs. more)

66 miles per gallonEmissions reduced to

1/10th the Japanese legal requirement

U.S. market year 2000

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Economic Impacts:

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ECONOMIC ASPECTS : LOSERS

Losers Iron and steel industries (a Hyper car has 92% less iron and steel)

Heavy machine tool

Oil for motor fuel

Automotive fluids and lubricants

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Advanced Composite Materials

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- 50-65% reduction in weight

- Crashworthy

- Design Flexibility

- Durability

- Manufacturing

ADVANTAGES

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Advanced Composite Materials

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DISADVANTAGES

WHICH ARE NOT ADVANTAGES

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