Hydropower: Electricity From Moving Water By: Lauren Murphy and Candice Burgan oover_dam.gif.
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Transcript of Hydropower: Electricity From Moving Water By: Lauren Murphy and Candice Burgan oover_dam.gif.
Hydropower: Hydropower: Electricity From Electricity From Moving WaterMoving Water
By: Lauren By: Lauren MurphyMurphy
and Candice and Candice BurganBurgan
http://www.lasvegastourism.com/tours/hoover_dam.gif
Main goalMain goal
To provide an To provide an adequate and efficient adequate and efficient natural source of natural source of energy without the energy without the burning of fossil fuels.burning of fossil fuels.
To harness the energy To harness the energy of moving waterof moving water
To provide a cheap To provide a cheap source of energysource of energyhttp://www.danville-va.gov/upload/
images/Utilities/Pinnacles%20Hydro.JPG
Layout of a DamLayout of a Dam
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
How it worksHow it works
Build a dam on a large river that has Build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation a large drop in elevation
The dam stores lots of water behind it The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir in the reservoir
Near the bottom of the dam wall Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake there is the water intake
Gravity causes it to fall through the Gravity causes it to fall through the penstock inside the dam penstock inside the dam
At the end of the penstock there is a At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller, which is turned by turbine propeller, which is turned by the moving water the moving water
How it works contd.How it works contd.
The shaft from the turbine goes up The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces into the generator, which produces the power the power
Power lines are connected to the Power lines are connected to the generator that carry electricity generator that carry electricity
The water continues past the The water continues past the propeller through the tailrace into propeller through the tailrace into the river past the dam the river past the dam
Hydroelectric generatorHydroelectric generator
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy.
A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity.
Hydroelectric Hydroelectric Power: 9.8%Power: 9.8%
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
Top Generating Top Generating CountriesCountries
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
Expense of Power Expense of Power ProductionProduction
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
Purpose of DamsPurpose of Dams
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
Provides 97.9% of all Provides 97.9% of all Electricity by Renewable Electricity by Renewable
ResourcesResources
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
AdvantagesAdvantages - Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution -Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature - It's renewable - rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is almost always there-No waste products-Moderate to high net energy-High efficiency (80%)-Low cost electricity-Long life span-Provides flood control below dam-Provides year-round water for irrigation and crop land-Useful for fishing and recreation due to reservoir
Disadvantages/Disadvantages/Environmental problemsEnvironmental problems
High construction costsHigh construction costs High environmental impactsHigh environmental impacts High CO2 emissions from biomass decay in High CO2 emissions from biomass decay in
shallow reservoirsshallow reservoirs Floods natural areasFloods natural areas Converts land habitat to lake habitatConverts land habitat to lake habitat Danger of collapseDanger of collapse Uproots peopleUproots people Decreases fish harvest below damDecreases fish harvest below dam Decreases flow of natural fertilizer to land Decreases flow of natural fertilizer to land
below dambelow dam Large water loss due to evaporationLarge water loss due to evaporation
Collapsing of damsCollapsing of dams
Many dams aren’t Many dams aren’t maintained properlymaintained properly
Lack of concern Lack of concern about risk and about risk and problemsproblems
This causes mass-This causes mass-flooding and even flooding and even loss of lifeloss of life
Internal erosionInternal erosion
http://www.hatchenergy.com/Innovations/Spring2006/guest_dam.html
Problems with Problems with hydropowerhydropower
Takes up a lot of spaceTakes up a lot of space Costs are extremely highCosts are extremely high Good land areas for construction Good land areas for construction
have already been takenhave already been taken Consumes a lot of time for planning Consumes a lot of time for planning
and constructionand construction The life expectancy of dams are only The life expectancy of dams are only
around 50 years around 50 years Even at this age these dams are Even at this age these dams are
considered to be at a high risk for considered to be at a high risk for failingfailing
Rate of constructionRate of construction
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
Make a differenceMake a difference
Hydroelectricity eliminates the flue Hydroelectricity eliminates the flue gas emissions from fossil fuels, gas emissions from fossil fuels, including pollutants such as sulfur including pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, dust, and mercury in the monoxide, dust, and mercury in the coal. coal.
Doesn’t contribute to Doesn’t contribute to global warming!global warming!
http://www.solcomhouse.com/Global_Warming.gif
Technological obstaclesTechnological obstacles
Building strong and efficient dams to Building strong and efficient dams to withstand the passage of timewithstand the passage of time
Find efficient ways to minimize Find efficient ways to minimize environmental impactsenvironmental impacts
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/tlh/cpm/woodruff_dam_pic.jpg
Political/Economic Political/Economic obstaclesobstacles
High production/building costsHigh production/building costs Creating total revenue to build Creating total revenue to build Value tradeoffsValue tradeoffs Market pricesMarket prices Water use allocations cause Water use allocations cause
controversycontroversy Mass displacement of peopleMass displacement of people Large investments in energy sources Large investments in energy sources
(large scale dams)(large scale dams)
Three Gorges DamThree Gorges Dam
Largest dam in the worldLargest dam in the world
http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2006/06/23/knDAM_wideweb__470x309,0.jpg
BibliographyBibliography http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.hthttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.ht
mlml http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/
epa_sum.html http://www.lasvegastourism.com/tours/
hoover_dam.gif http://oilbeseeingyou.blogspot.com/2007/07/
post-peak-dam-maintenance-or-lack.html http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/
2006/06/23/knDAM_wideweb__470x309,0.jpg http://www.srh.noaa.gov/tlh/cpm/
woodruff_dam_pic.jpg http://www.hatchenergy.com/Innovations/
Spring2006/guest_dam.html http://www.danville-va.gov/upload/images/
Utilities/Pinnacles%20Hydro.JPG