Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K....
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![Page 1: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas
K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico,
Christelle Hély, Greg Okin, S.A. Macko, Natalie
Mladenov, Lydia Ries, Susan Ringrose, T.M.
Scanlon, H.H. Shugart, R.J. Swap, Matt Therrell, Lixin Wang and Robert
Washington-Allen
![Page 2: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Kalahari Transect
•Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation
![Page 3: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kalahari Transect
•Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation•Detailed soil characterizations
![Page 4: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Kalahari Transect
•Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation•Detailed soil characterizations•Instrumented long-term physical data records
![Page 5: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Kalahari Transect
•Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation•Detailed soil characterizations•Instrumented long-term physical data records•Field fertilization experiments with phosphorus and nitrogen and stable isotope analysis in experimental and spatially distributed contexts
![Page 6: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Strong rainfall gradient, seasonal climate
Uniform sandy soils – ‘Kalahari sands’
Heterogeneous vegetation; tree, shrub and grass in woodland, savanna, and shrubland mixtures.
High net plant productivity, widespread biomass burning, high carbon turnover
IGBP Kalahari Transect
![Page 7: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mean annual rainfall
along the Kalahari Transect
![Page 8: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996
![Page 9: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996
![Page 10: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996
![Page 11: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996
![Page 12: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996
![Page 13: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Vegetation Patterns on the Kalahari Transect
![Page 14: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plant interactions dominate pattern
Landscape interactions dominate pattern
Spatial Variation in NDVI at Different Spatial Scales
![Page 15: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pattern and Process
![Page 16: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Vegetation structural characteristics along the Kalahari Transect
More Southerly and Drier
DecreasingTree Cover
Grass Cover
![Page 17: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dispersed
Clumped
Depends on the
Prior History
![Page 20: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
is not equivalent to vnecessarily
![Page 21: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A Landscape Vegetation Model
LeafPatch
Multi-Patch Structure
![Page 22: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
UMD Tree Cover Data
![Page 23: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
LiveNon-woody
LiveTree
Leaves
DeadNon-woody
DeadTree
Leaves
![Page 24: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Could you tell me again where we’re going with
all this?
![Page 25: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LeafPatch
Multi-Patch Structure
Regional Emissionsto the Atmosphere
or
![Page 26: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
WildfiresIndustrial
Domestic
Along with wildfires, there are other significant sources of emissions to the atmosphere.
![Page 28: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
WildfiresIndustrial
Domestic
We have some understanding of the contribution of these different sources.
![Page 29: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
WildfiresIndustrial
Domestic
Regional Emissions
Transport
Deposition
![Page 30: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LiveNon-woody
LiveTree
Leaves
DeadNon-woody
DeadTree
Leaves
![Page 31: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Does this have any practical
implications?
![Page 32: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Grazing Pressure across Southern Africa
![Page 33: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Grazing Impact across Southern Africa during a Wet Year.
![Page 34: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Grazing Impact across Southern Africa in a Dry Year.
![Page 35: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In wet versus dry years, the impact varies regionally
Wet Dry
![Page 36: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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![Page 39: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
is not equivalent to vnecessarily
![Page 40: Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081420/56649f385503460f94c554af/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)