HYDROLOGIC DATA FROM ROAN CREEK AND PARACHUTE CREEK

BASINS, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO

By D. Briane Adams, Kimball E. Goddard, Ralph 0. Patt, and Kenneth C, Galysan

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 83-859

Grand Junction, Colorado 1986

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to:

Colorado District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046, Mail Stop 415 Denver Federal Center Lakewood, CO 80225

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

Open-File Services Section Western Distribution Branch U.S. Geological Survey, MS 306 Box 25425, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 (303) 236-7476

CONTENTS

Glossary---------------------Abstract- -- -- Introduction------- --------Description of data --

Surface water------- ---Ground water-------- ---

Water-quality standards- -- Selected references----------Supplemental hydrologic data- Supplemental well data-------

Page vi 1 1 3 3 9

11 15 18 87

Plates 1-3.

Figure

Maps 1. sites in Roan Creek

northwestern

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates in Pocket]

showing: Surface-water data-collection

and Parachute Creek basins,Colorado.

Springs for which data are available in RoanCreek and Parachute Creek basins, northwesternColorado.

Wells for which data are available in Roan Creekand Parachute Creek basins, northwesternColorado.

Map showing location of study area---- -- -- --Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow-gaging

stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins -- Average monthly mean specific conductivity at five

streamflow-gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins---------------------------------

Schematic section showing geologic formations and ground- water flow system in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek drainage basins----------------------------------

Diagram showing system of numbering springs and wells in Colorado--------------------------------------------

Well no. l--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling----

Well no. 2--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling

Well no. 2--Water levels of upper and lower aquifers-----

Page 2

11

14

88

8990

111

CONTENTSPage

Figure 9. Well no. 3--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling 91

10. Well no. 3 Water levels of upper and lower aquifers-- - 9211. Well no. 4--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer

logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling 93

12. Well no. 4 Water levels of upper and lower aquifers 9413. Well no. 5--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer

logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling-- - 95

14. Well no. 8 Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling ----- 96

15. Well no. 9--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs- - 9716. Well no. 10--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 9817. Well no. ll--Caliper and temperature logs -- 9918. Well no. 12--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 10019. Well no. 13--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs--- 10120. Well no. 14--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs- 10221. Well no. 15--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs--- 10322. Well no. 16--Caliper and temperature logs - 10423. Well no. 17--Caliper and temperature logs- --- - 10424. Well no. 18--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 10525. Well no. 19--Caliper and temperature logs 10626. Well no. 20--Caliper and temperature logs---------- - - 10627. Well no. 42--Water-level hydrograph 10728. Well no. 43--Water-level hydrograph and lithologic log- 10829. Well nos. 44 and 45--Water-level hydrographs 10930. Well no. 46-~Water-level hydrograph and lithologic log-- 11031. Well nos. 47 and 48--Water-level hydrographs-- -- -- 11132. Well nos. 49 and 50--Water-level hydrographs 11233. Well nos. 52 and 53--Water-level hydrographs - 11334. Well nos. 54 and 55--Water-level hydrographs--- --- - 11435. Well no. 56--Water-level hydrograph-- --- -- 115

TABLES

PageTable 1. Frequency of collection and sources of published surface-

water data collected at streamflow-gaging stations-- - 42. Drainage area and period of discharge record of U.S.

Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations-- ---- 53. Strati graphic column of Tertiary (Eocene) and Quaternary

rocks, Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins - 104. Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado-- - 12

IV

CONTENTSPage

Table 5. Rating of irrigation water for various crops on the basis ofboron concentration in the watei -- 15

6. Analyses of water-quality samples collected at miscellaneoussurface-water sites -- ---- - ---- ----- 20

7. Taxa and densities of benthic invertebrates, per squaremeter, collected from sites in Roan Creek and ParachuteCreek basins--- ----

GLOSSARY

acre-foot.--The quantity of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot, equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet or about 326,000 gallons.

aquifer, --A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contain sufficient saturated permeable material to yield signifi- cant quantities of water to wells and springs.

benthic invertebrate.--An animal without a backbone that lives in or on the bottom of an aquatic environment.

chemical quality.--The concentration of solutes (any substance dissolved in water), and certain properties or characteristics, such as hardness, sodium-adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and specific conductance.

confined aquifer.--An aquifer in which ground water is confined under pressure greater than atmospheric by overlying, relatively impermeable strata. Water level in a well penetrating a confined aquifer will be above the upper boundary of the aquifer.

confining bed.--A rock unit above or below an aquifer that is much less permeable than the aquifer and restrains ground water flow to and from adjoining units.

discharge.--The volume of water (or more broadly, volume of fluid plussuspended sediment) that passes a given point within a given time,

instantaneous discharge.--The discharge at a particular instant.dissolved.--Material in a representative water sample that passes through a

0.45-micrometer membrane filter. The sample may include some very small (colloidal) suspended particles, as well as the amount of substance present in true chemical solution.

downstream order and station number.--Order and number of streamflow-gaging stations, listed in downstream direction along the main stream. Stations on tributaries are listed between stations on the main stream in the order in which those tributaries enter the main stream. Stations on tributaries entering above all mainstream stations are listed in a similar manner.

drainage area.--That area, measured in a horizontal plane, enclosed by ^ topographic divide from which direct surface runoff from precipitatr normally drains by gravity into the stream above the specified pc

ground water. --Water in the saturated zone.hardness.--Concentration of calcium and magnesium expressed as equivalent

calcium.partial-record station.--A site where limited streamflow or water-quality data

are collected systematically over a period of years for use in hydro- logic analyses.

sediment. --Sol id material that originates mostly from disintegrated rocks and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited from water; it includes chemical and biochemical precipitates and decomposed organic material, such as humus.

sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).--The expression of relative activity of sodium ions in exchange reactions with soil, an index of sodium or alkali hazard to the soil. This ratio should be known especially for water used for irrigating farmland.

solute.--Any substance derived from the atmosphere, vegetation, soil, or rocks that is dissolved in water.

VI

specific conductance.--A measure of the ability of water to conduct an elec- trical current, expressed in micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius. Specific conductance is related to the number and specific chemical types of ions in solution and can be used for approximating the dissolved- solids content of water.

streamflow. --The discharge that occurs in a natural channel. Although the term "discharge" can be applied to the flow of a canal, the word "streamflow" uniquely describes the discharge in a surface stream course. The term "streamflow" is more general than "runoff," because streamflow may be applied to discharge whether or not it is affected by diversion or regulation.

suspended, recoverable. The amount of a given constituent that is in solu- tion, after the part of a representative water-suspended sediment sample that is retained on a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter has been digested by a method (usually using a dilute-acid solution), that results in dis- solution of only readily soluble substances.

suspended, total.--Total amount of a given constituent in the part of a repre- sentative water-suspended sediment that is retained on a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter.

transraissivity.--The rate at which water is transmitted through a unit width of aquifer under a unit-hydraulic gradient.

water year.--In the U.S. Geological Survey, the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30. The water year is designated by the calender year in which it ends, including 9 of the 12 months. Thus, the year ending September 30, 1981, is called the "1981 water year."

Multiply inch-pound unit

acre-foot (acre-ft)cubic foot per second (ft3 /s)foot (ft)gallon per minute (gal/min)mile (mi)square foot (ft2 )square mile (mi 2 )

To convert degree Fahrenheit formula: °C = (°F-32) 5/9.

CONVERSION FACTORS

By

0.0012330.028320.30480.063091.6090.092902.590

To obtain metric unit

cubic hectometercubic meter per secondmeter1iter per secondkilometersquare metersquare kilometer

(°F) to degree Celsius (°C), use the following

The following terms and abbreviations also are used in this report: micromho per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|jmho/cm at 25°C) milligram per liter (mg/L) microgram per liter (pg/L)

VI 1

HYDROLOGIC DATA FROM ROAN CREEK AND PARACHUTE CREEK BASINS,NORTHWESTERN COLORADO

By D. Briane Adams, Kimball E. Goddard, Ralph 0. Patt, and Kenneth C. Galyean

ABSTRACT

Hydrologic data obtained from a comprehensive study of the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins are presented in this report. The purpose of this study was to inventory and appraise the predevelopment hydro!ogic conditions in these basins. The study was conducted from October 1975 through September 1981 and was one of several studies of oil-shale areas in the Western United States conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data collected prior to October 1975 also are presented, and references to other reports covering this area are given. Data collected include information from 58 wells, 286 springs, 14 streamflow-gaging stations, and 24 miscellaneous surface-water sites. Surface-water discharge, chemical quality, and sediment data from streamflow-gaging stations in the basin are published in other reports listed in the references. Data-collection methods and laboratory-analysis techniques used are described or referenced in this report.

INTRODUCTION

Oil-shale development and its associated needs and impacts have prompted widespread interest among a variety of individuals and groups. The orderly development of this resource requires a wide range of social and scientific information. These needs include information concerning the available water resources that might be a factor limiting the immediate development of the oil-shale resources of an area.

The Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins of northwestern Colorado have large deposits of oil shale. The purpose of this study was to inventory and summarize the data on the predevelopment hydrologic conditions in these basins. The U.S. Geological Survey began this investigation in October 1975 and concluded its study in September 1981. This report is a compilation of the hydrologic data collected during this study.

The study area encompasses the drainages of Roan and Parachute Creeks and is approximately 710 square miles (fig. 1). Most of the study area is in Garfield County in northwestern Colorado, but small parts lie in Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties. Rocks exposed in the study area range in age from Paleocene to Holocene. The ground water of the area primarily is governed by the geol- ogy of the Uinta and Green River Formations of Eocene age and valley alluvium of Quaternary age, because these formations contain the principal aquifers.

108°30' 108°00'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1969

10 15 MILES

I 1 I5 10 15 KILOMETERS

Figure l.--Map showing location of study area.

Surface-water discharge, chemical quality, and sediment data collected at streamflow-gaging stations in the area are published in other reports of the U.S. Geological Survey and are listed in the "Selected References" section of this report. R. 0. Patt and others, (1982) compiled data on the water re- sources of the 52,500-acre Naval Oil Shale Reserves, which coincide with part of the area of this study. Their compilation also includes climatic data. Large amounts of data also have been collected throughout the basin by oil-shale or related companies and their contractors. The availability of these data is determined by the individual companies and their contractors.

Data-collection sampling and data analyses were done according to U.S. Geological Survey procedures and are reported in the "Techniques of Water Resources Investigations" series. Publications in this series are listed in the section on "Selected References." Appreciation is extended to the many oil-shale companies, landowners, and individuals who allowed access to their properties to collect these data.

DESCRIPTION OF DATA

Surface Water

Surface-water data collected in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins consist of discharge measurements, water-quality analyses, water-temperature and specific-conductance measurements, suspended-sediment concentrations, and benthic-invertebrate taxa and densities. The frequency of discharge measure- ment at 12 streamflow-gaging stations and the numbers referring to publica- tions reporting these measurements are listed in table 1. The period of streamf low record for each station is given in table 2. Data from two streamflow-gaging stations in the area, 09094000 Roan Creek at Simmons Ranch near Highmore and 09094100 Carr Creek at Altenbern Ranch near Highmore, are not included, because data were only collected sporadically from these sta- tions during 1935-37. Variation of the average monthly streamflow for the 12 streamflow-gaging stations operated in the basins is shown in figure 2.

Samples of water for chemical analyses were collected from eight streamflow-gaging stations. These stations and the numbers of the references containing the results of these analyses are listed in table 1. A sample of water for chemical analysis was also collected at each of the 24 miscellaneous surface-water sites reported in table 6, in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section at the end of this report. Daily water-temperature and specific- conductance data are available for five stations, monthly water-temperature and specific-conductance data for one station, and daily or monthly suspended- sediment data for six stations. Variation of average monthly mean specific conductance at the five stations is shown in figure 3. Frequency of measure- ment or collection and numbers of the references to these data are listed in table 1. Data on benthic invertebrates collected at nine sites are listed in table 7, in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section. This table also con- tains field-measurement water quantity and quality data collected at the time of sampling.

Table

I.--

Freq

uenc

y of collection (daily an

d mo

nthl

y) and

sour

ces

of published s

urfa

ce-w

ater

data

coll

ecte

d at

streamflow-gaging

stations

[D^daily,

M=monthly.

Numb

ers

refe

r to da

ta so

urce

s li

sted

in "S

elec

ted

References."]

Site

numb«

on

plat

* 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12

1 >r

U.S.

Geological Su

rvey

streamf lo

w- gag

ing

station

Numb

er

09092800

0909

2830

0909

2850

0909

2960

0909

2970

0909

2980

0909

3000

0909

3500

0909

4200

0909

4400

0909

5000

0909

5400

Name

Wcbl. rUils. rdi dUMU Uc L-

iccl

s. d l»

rdi dUllU Cc

Northwater Cr

eek

near An

vil

Poin

ts--

East Mi

ddle

Fork Parachute

Creek

near

Rio

Blan

co- - - -- -

East

Fork Parachute

Creek

near An

vil

Poin

tsuabC rUI N

. rdi dL.MUl'C

L»i ccK IlcaT

I\U

1 1 bull

Ben

Good

Cr

eek

near

Rulison --- -

Parachute

Cree

k ne

ar Parachute

rdidUIIUlc

L-I ccl\ dv rdidUllUUc

Roan Creek

abov

e Cl

ear

Cree

k ne

ar De

Bequ

e--

Clear

Cree

k ne

ar DeBeque

rxUdll L.

IC6K

. Ilcdi

UcDcLJUc

Dry

Fork near De

Bequ

e - -

Discharge

D 11-12

D 22

-26

D 22-26

D 22-26

D 22

-26

D 22-26

D 10-16,20-26

D 10

-11,

20-2

6 D

12-15

D 13

-15

D 10,12-26

D 20

-26

Wate

r quality

M 22-26

M 22

-26

M 22-26

M 22

-26

M 23

-26

Mor»

o^*

20-2

6 M

20-2

6

M 22

-26

Temperature

and

spec

ific

conductance

D 22

-26

D 22-26

D 20

-26

D 20

-26

D 22

-26

M 22-26

Suspended

sedi

ment

M 23

-24

D 23-26

D 22-26

D,M

21-26

D 20-26

D 22

-26

Table 2. "Drainage area and period of discharge record of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations

Site number

on plate

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Station number

09092800

09092830

09092850

09092960

09092970

09092980

09093000

09093500

09094200

09094400

09095000

09095400\j ^ \j *j +j~\j \j

Name

West Fork Parachute Creek nearGrand Valley (now Parachute).

Northwater Creek near AnvilPoints.

East Middle Fork ParachuteCreek near Rio Blanco.

East Fork Parachute Creek nearAnvil Points.

East Fork Parachute Creek nearRulison.

Ben Good Creek near Rulison----

Parachute Creek near Parachute(formerly Grand Valley).

Parachute Creek at Parachute (formerly Grand Valley).

Roan Creek above Clear Creek, near DeBeque.

Clear Creek near DeBeque ---

Roan Creek near DeBeque

Dry Fork near DeBeque----------

Drainage area

(square miles)

48,1

12.6

22.1

14.5

20.4

4.04

141

198

151

111

321«-> C-. -L

109

Period of

record

Oct. 1957 toSept. 1962

Oct. 1976 topresent

Oct. 1976 topresent

Oct. 1967 topresent

Oct. 1976 topresent

Nov. 1976 topresent

Oct. 1948 toSept. 1954, Oct. 1964 toSept. 1970, Apr. 1975 to present

Apr. 1921 to Sept. 1927, Oct. 1948 toSept. 1954, Oct. 1974 topresent

Oct. 1962 to Sept. 1968

July 1966 to Sept. 1968

Anr 1Q?1 tnrtfJ I . -L-7C.J. L.U

Sept. 1926, Oct. 1962 toSept. 1972, Oct. 1974 topresent

Oct 1974 to\J \+ v» _L ' / ~ Wpresent

104

103

102

101

104

09092800, West Fork of Parachute Creek near Parachute

1 T I I I 1 I I I T

I I l I I l I

09092850, East Middle Fork of Parachute Creek near Rio Blanco

103

>- 102

101

10*

103

102

101

100

l I I I I l l l I I T

i l l l I l I l I i

09092970, East Fork of Parachute Creek near Rulison

1 I I I I I I

l I I l ill I l iONDJFMAMJJAS

MONTH

104

103

102

09092830, Northwater Creek near Anvil Points

101

I I I I I

l l i l l l l i l l

09092960, East Fork of Parachute Creek near AnviI Points

103

102

101

103

102

101

100

10-1

I I I I T 1 I I T

I l I I l l l l

09092980, Ben Good Creek near RulisonI I I I I I I I I

ONDJFMAMJJAS

MONTH

Figure 2.--Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow- gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins.

104

103

102

09093000, Parachute Creek near Parachute

101

i T i i r i i i i i

i i i i i i i i

09094200, Roan Creek above Clear Creek, near DeBeque

103

102 l I I l I I i l i i I

105 09095000, Roan Creek near DeBeque

ONDJ FMAMJ JAS

MONTH

105

104

103

102

103

102

09093500, Parachute Creek at Parachutei I I I T I

l l i l i l i

09094400, Clear Creek near DeBeque

I l l l I l l l I I

10409095400, Dry Fork near DeBequeiiiiii ir

103

102

1Q1 I I I I I I I I I I I

ONDJ FMAMJ JAS

MONTH

Figure 2.--Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow- gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins-- Continued.

CO

CU

-J.

C

-5

<

-3

CU

CD

CD

O rr 0

1 GO

CD

-5

ICD

I

CU

3=3

<-h

CD

._

O

CUTT

s:

CQI

CDC

TCQ

Cu

cu

3

01

CQ

O

_j.

-i

. 13

13

13

r+

01 C

Q rr

01

13

O

O

-"

CU

O

13O

O

O

-5

13

CD

CL

CD

C

7T

O t-

l-CU

-"

13

<

C

L -J

-

AV

ER

AG

E M

ON

TH

LY

ME

AN

S

PE

CIF

IC C

ON

DU

CT

AN

CE

, IN

M

ICR

OM

HO

S P

ER

C

EN

TIM

ET

ER

AT

25

° C

EL

SIU

SC

D

CD

ro

cno

o

O O

AV

ER

AG

E M

ON

TH

LY

M

EA

NS

PE

CIF

IC C

ON

DU

CT

AN

CE

, IN

MIC

RO

MH

OS

PE

R C

EN

TIM

ET

ER

AT

25°

CE

LS

IUS

O

O

\ I

O

O O

O o

o

3 o

CD

CD

CD O

-<

CD

JO

N>

3

O

CD

CDcu

o-<

CD

fs ,7' O

The location of all surface-water stations and sites in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins for which data are available is shown on plate 1. Station and site numbers shown on the plate correspond with those in tables 1, 2, 6, and 7.

Ground Water

Ground-water data collected from springs and wells in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins consist of inventory and water-quality analyses data. Included in this section are inventory data for 286 springs (table 8) and 58 wells (table 9) and chemical analyses of water from 63 springs (table 10) and 20 wells (table 11). Tables 8, 9, 10, and 11 are in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section at the end of this report. The inventory data include location, altitude, date, discharge, and field values of specific conductance, pH, and temperature.

Records of selected test wells are listed in table 12 in the "Supple- mental Hydrologic Data" section, and additional information in graphic form is presented in the section on "Supplemental Well Data" in figures 6-35. The types and amount of data differ among the test wells. Types of data reported include location, surface elevation, date drilled, total depth, depth to geologic markers, casing diameter and depth, water level, aquifer transmis- sivity, and thickness. Additional information on well logs and water levels are presented in the "Supplemental Well Data" section, figures 6-35 for many of the welIs.

Test wells in the study area penetrated silty sandstones and siltstones of the Uinta Formation of Eocene age and underlying kerogenous marlstones of the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation of Eocene age (table 3). The Mahogany zone, or Mahogany ledge where it is exposed, is a stratigraphic layer rich in oil shale (more than 30 gallons per ton) in the upper part of the Parachute Creek Member. Where penetrated by the test holes, the Mahogany zone is about 140 feet thick and is a relatively impermeable confining bed. Water-saturated bedrock above the Mahogany zone is known as the upper aquifer(s), and the water-saturated bedrock below the Mahogany zone is confined and is known as the lower aquifer(s) (fig. 4).

Test wells drilled in the alluvium in the Roan Creek valley reached the Wasatch Formation of Eocene age at about 50 feet (fig. 4). Depths to the saturated zone or water table in the alluvium ranged from 10 to 40 feet and averaged about 20 feet.

The locations of springs are shown on plate 2, and the locations of wells are shown on plate 3. The spring numbers on plate 2 correspond to site num- bers shown in the first column of tables 8 and 10. The well numbers on plate 3 correspond to site numbers shown in the first column of tables 9, 11, and 12. The system of numbering springs and wells in Colorado is shown in figure 5.

Tabl

e 3.--Stratigraphic column of Tertiary (E

ocen

e) an

d Quaternary rocks, Ro

an Creek an

d Parachute Creek basins

[Mod

ifie

d fr

om Coffin and

others,

1971]

Geol

ogic

ag

e

Geol

ogic

unit an

dth

ickn

ess

(fee

t)

Lith

olog

ic unit and

thic

knes

s (feet)

Quat

erna

ry

Allu

vium

and

lake

deposits

(0-8

0)

Sand

and

grav

el.

Clay

; ge

nera

lly

organic.

In th

e st

udy

area th

e al

luvi

um is

in th

e er

oded

va

lley

on

th

e Wasatch

Form

atio

n.

Tertiary

(Eoc

ene)

Uint

a Fo

rmat

ion

(0-1

,250

)

Para

chut

eCreek

Memb

er(500-

1,700)

Anvi

l Po

ints

Memb

er

(0-1

,800

)

Garden

Gulch

(0-900)

Douglas

Creek

Memb

er(0

-800

)

Sand

ston

e, si

lty,

coarse to fi

ne-g

rain

ed;

poor

ly so

rted

, an

d si

ltst

one

with so

me barren

marl

stone.

Fractured

in lo

wer

part

. Little or no

primary

porosity.

Kerogenous dolomitic

marl stone co

ntai

ning

some th

in as

h be

ds.

Can

be divided

into th

e fo

llow

ing

four

zo

nes:

Zone 4

(<500)

Marl

ston

e co

ntai

ning

little oil

shale.

Frac

ture

d.

Zone

3

Maho

gany

zone

(100

-200

)Oi

l shale.

Frac

ture

d ex

cept

where deeply bu

ried

.

Zone 2

Oil

shale.

Frac

ture

d; mo

re porous an

d pe

rmea

ble

than

th

eLeached

or lo

w re

sist

ivit

y zone

underlying or

overlying

zones.

Low

resi

stiv

ity

on(<200-700)

elec

tric

logs.

Zone 1

High re

sist

ivit

y zone

(1,100 or le

ss)

Oil

shal

e and

sodium minerals.

Slig

htly

fr

actu

red.

Thickest in no

rth-

cent

ral

part of

basin; thin el

sewh

ere.

Shal

e, sa

ndst

one,

and

barren ma

rlst

one

with

minor

amounts

of si

ltst

one

and

algal

and

oolitic

marl

ston

e.

A ba

sin-

edge

facies which

grades in

to th

e Garden Gu

lch

and

Douglas

Cree

k Members.

Shal

e and

barren ma

rlst

one

with local

thin

beds of sa

ndst

one

and

limestone.

A basin-edge

facies best developed

in th

e southern part of th

e basin.

Sand

ston

e wi

th some li

mest

one

and

shale.

Wasatch

Form

ation

(300-5,000)

Clay,

shal

e, lenticular sa

ndst

one;

lo

call

y, be

ds of conglomerate and

limestone.

Beds of

clay and

shal

e ar

e th

e main constituents of the

formation.

Contains gy

psum

.

WEST EAST

Lower part of Green River Formation

Wasatch Formation

Not to scale

Figure 4.--Schematic section showing geologic formations and ground-water flow system in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek drainage basins.

WATER-QUALITY STANDARDS

Because the water within the study area may be used for multiple pur- poses, selected standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1975, 1976, 1977) and water-quality standards proposed by the Colorado Department of Health (1977b) for domestic supplies, fisheries, and agricul- tural uses are listed in table 4. A crop-tolerance rating by Hem (1970), based on the boron concentration of agricultural-irrigation waters, is given in table 5. These tables are included in this report so that the reader can compare the chemical analyses presented with established standards to deter- mine possible ways of using the waters from different sources within the basins. Additional information concerning the standards can be obtained from the references.

11

Table 4. --Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado

[Value given is the maximum allowed unless otherwise specified; mg/L, milligram per liter; pg/L, microgram per liter]

Water-quality property or constituent

Temperature (°C) ---pH (standard units)-- - Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) -

National 1 and proposed Colorado2 drinking water regulations

Physiochemical

86.5

Table 4. --Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado Continued

Water-qual ity property or constituent

National 1 and proposed Colorado2 drinking water regulations

Proposed Colorado water-quality standards 3

Water supply4 Aquatic life 5 Agriculture6

Miscellaneous properties or constituents

Ammonia (mg/L as N)------- ---- Chlorine (total residual;

mg/L)- Color (color units)------- 815Cyanide (mg/L) --------- ----Foaming agents (mg/L)----- 8 .5Nitrite (mg/L as N)------- ---- Odor (threshold odor

number)----------------- 8 3Sulfide as H 2 S (mg/L) 8 .05Turbidity (TU) 11.20!

16 0 5\J * *J

.2

1.0

.0521 1.0

17 0.02 --

18 .002

.005 0.2

19 .05 10

.002 ----

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, 1976, 1977. 2 Colorado Department of Health, 1977a. 3 Colorado Department of Health, 1977Jb.4 Includes uncontaminated ground water and ground and surface water requiring disinfection or

standard treatment (raw water).5 Includes cold-water biota (inhabitants, including trout, of waters where temperatures do not

normally exceed 20°C) and warm water biota (inhabitants of waters where temperatures normally exceed 20°C). Trace-element standards apply to waters having total hardness from 0 to 100 mg/L as CaC0 3 ; standards for waters of greater hardness may be equal or greater. Total trace-element concentrations are given, unless otherwise specified.

6 Includes irrigation and stock watering.7 Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 30°C. In addition, a

maximum 3°C increase over a minimum 4-hour period lasting for 12 hours maximum from naturally occur- ring temperatures shall be allowed.

8 Secondary maximum contaminant level. These "* * * are not Federally enforceable and are intended as guidelines for the States * * *" (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977).

9Applies only to ground and surface water requiring disinfection or standard treatment (raw water).

10Minimum allowed concentration. Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 5.0 mg/L. In addition, a 7.0 mg/L standard during periods of spawning of cold-water fish may be set on a case by case basis.

1:L Interim primary maximum contaminant level. Applies to all systems providing piped water for human consumption, "* * * if such system has at least fifteen service connections or regularly serves at least twenty-five individuals." (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, 1976). Proposed primary drinking-water regulations (Colorado Department of Health, 1977a).

12The exact fluoride standard applicable is dependent on maximum daily air temperatures for the location in which situated * * *" (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975).

I3 lncludes nitrite as N. 14 Refers to soluble form. / 15 Refers to total concentration.16 Recommended standard because of effect on chlorination.17 Nonionized. Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.10 mg/L. 18 Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.01 mg/L. 19Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.5 mg/L. 20A value of 5 or fewer TU is allowed if it does not interfere with disinfection or

microbiological determinations.21 Applies only to uncontaminated ground water.

"* * * the annual average of the community water system isthe

13

(Q C -s CD en i i o Cu

CQ -s Cu

s: =r

cr> o (Q

3

V)

Table 5. "Rating of irrigation water for various crops on the basis ofboron concentration in the water

[After Hem, 1970, p. 329]

Classes of water

Rating Grade

Sensitive crops (milligrams per

liter)

Semi tolerant crops (milli-

grams per liter

Tolerant crops (milligrams per

liter)

12 34 5

Excellent Good

Permissible--Doubtful

Unsuitable---

1.25

2.50

3.75

Crop types

ApricotPeachCherryApplePearPlumNavy bean

Bell pepperPumpkinOatMiloCornWheatBarleyTomatoPotatoSunflower

CarrotLettuceCabbageTurnipOnionAlfalfaGarden beetAsparagus

1.

2.

3.

4.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Coffin, D. L. , Welder, F. A., and Glanzman, R. K. , 1971, Geohydrology of the Piceance Creek structural basin between the White and Colorado Rivers, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-370.

Colorado Department of Health, 1977a lations (proposed July 19, 1977 hearing): Colorado Department

___19776, Proposed water quality standards for November 17, 1977): Colorado Department of

Preliminary drinking water regu- corrected after August 31, 1977,

Denver, Colo., 59 p.Colorado (draft no. 9;Health, Denver, Colo.,

of Health,

51 p.Greeson, P. E. , Ehlke, T. A., Irwin, G. A., Lium, B. W. , and Slack,

K. V., 1977, Methods for collection and analyses of aquatic biologi- cal and microbiological samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter A4, 332 p.

5. Hem, J. D., 1970, Study and interpretation of chemical characteristics of natural water (2nd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1473, 363 p.

15

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Patt, R. 0., Adams, D. B., and Coll ins, D. L., 1982, Hydrologic data from the Naval Oil Shale Reserves, Parachute Creek basin, northwestern Colorado, 1975-79: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-696, 134 p.

Taylor, 0. J. , 1982, Three-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the hydrologic system in Piceance basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 82-637, 35 p.Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, National interim primary

drinking water regulations: Federal Register, v. 40, no. 248, p. 59566-59588.

primary drinking water regulations promulgation of radionuclides:

U.S.

1976_ Interim regulations on p. 38402-28409. 1977, National

Federal Register, v. 41, no. 133,

secondary drinking water regulations proposed regu- lations: Federal Register, v. 42, no. 62, p. 17144-17146.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Compilation of records of surface waters ofthe United States through September 1950, part 9, Colorado Riverbasin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1313, p. 124-127.

___1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States,October 1950 to September 1960, part 9, Colorado River basin: U.S.Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1733, p. 100-101.

___1970, Surface water supply of the United States 1961-65, part 9,Colorado River basin above Green River: U.S. Geological Survey WaterSupply Paper 1924, p. 252-258.

___1967, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-66-1, p. 234-237.

___1968, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-67-1, p. 250, 252-255.

___1969, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-68-1, p. 256, 258-260.

___1970, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-69-1, p. 259, 261.

___1971, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-70-1, p. 256, 258.

___1972, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-71-1, p. 259.

___1973, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-72-1, p. 256.

for Colorado, water Geological Survey

1966. part 1, the Interior,

1967. part 1, the Interior,

1968. part 1, the Interior,

1969. par, 1, the Interior,

1970. part 1, the Interior,

1971. part 1, the Interior,

1972. part 1, the Interior,

1976. Water resources data Colorado River basin: U.S. CO-75-2, p. 143-144, 146-147.1977. Water resources data Colorado River basin: U.S. CO-76-2, p. 178-190, 199-208.

year 1975, Water-Data

v. 2, Report

for Colorado, water Geological Survey

year 1976, Water-Data

v. 2, Report

16

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

___1978, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-77-2, p

___1979, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-78-2, p

___1980, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-79-2, p

___1981, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-80-2, p

___1982, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-81-2, p

Weeks, J. B. , Leavesley, G. H. , 1974, Simulated effect of Piceance basin, Colorado: Paper 908, 84 p.

for Colorado, water year 1977, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 164-189, 194-200. for Colorado, water year 1978, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 173-210, 216-225, 380. for Colorado, water year 1979, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 178-211, 216-223, 351-355, 384. for Colorado, water year 1980, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 174-204, 210-220. for Colorado, water year 1981, Dolores River: U.S. Geological

p. 167-195, 200-207. Welder, F. A., and Saulnier, G. J oil-shale development on the

U.S. Geological Survey

v. 2, Survey

v. 2, Survey

v- 2, Survey

v. 2, Survey

v. 2, Survey

, Jr. ,hydrology of Professional

17

SUPPLEMENTAL HYDROLOGIC DATA

18

ABBREVIATIONS

ft3 /s cubic foot per second°C degree Celsiusft footft2 /day foot squared per daygal/min gallon per minutein. inchesmg/L milligram per liter[jg/L microgram per literpmhos micromhosND not detectedpi. plateSeq. no. sequence number

19

Tabl

e 6.--Analyses of

water-quality

samples

coll

ecte

d at mi

scel

laneous

surface-water

site

s

o

Site

number

on

plat

e 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Stat

ion

numb

er

391953108125000

3923

4810

8154

801

392501108295700

392552108152200

392558108151500

392712108200701

392912108193200

393015108232700

393042108274000

393042108274300

393113107550301

393126107551001

393128107554901

393131107555501

393133107551201

393536107542800

393656108573201

393710108022401

393719108004100

393720108004000

393752108123300

393752108251100

3938

0910

8131

000

3938

4210

8330

301

Latitude

3901

9'52

"39

°23'

48M

39°25'01"

39°25'52"

3902

5'58

"

3902

7'12"

3902

9'12

"39

030'

15"

39°3

0'42

M39

°30'

42"

39°31'13"

39°31'26"

3903

1'28"

39°31'31"

3903

1'33

"

39°35

I36"

39°36'56"

3903

7'10

"39

°37'

19"

3903

7'20

"39

037'

52"

3903

7'52

"39

°38'

09"

39°38'42"

Long

itud

e

108°13'03"

108°

15'4

8"108°29'57

n108°15'22"

1080

15'15"

108020'07"

1080

19'32"

1080

23'27"

108027'40"

10802

7'43"

10705

5'03"

10705

5'10

"10

705

5'49"

107°55'55"

10705

5'12

"

107°

54I28"

10705

7'32

"10

8°02

'24"

1080

00'41"

108°

00'4

0"10

8°12

'33"

108°25'11"

108°

13'1

0"108°33'03"

Seq.

no

.

00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 01

Date

of

samp

le

77-12-07

78-03-09

75-08-06

75-0

8-06

75-0

8-06

74-11-14

74-1

1-14

74-11-14

74-1

1-14

74-11-14

78-0

6-02

79-0

4-10

79-0

7-06

79-0

4-10

78-06-02

78-0

6-02

78-06-02

79-0

4-10

79-07-06

75-0

9-17

78-0

9-26

78-09-26

75-0

9-17

75-09-17

77-0

4-20

77-04-20

75-09-17

77-04-20

Stream-

flow

, in

stan

- taneous

(ftV

s)

2.3 .10

.80

1.9 .02 -- -- -- -- -- .20

El.O .0

0E.

10 .30

.05

.20

.80

.01

.10

.26 --

1.1 .52

2.0 .37 -- .81

Spe-

ci

fic

con-

duc-

tance

(pmh

os)

2,70

02,

750

920

1,300

3,30

0

2,280

610

565

590

610

1,49

01,950

2,00

03,600

1,00

0

3,35

01,200

1,750

1,30

050

0

485

595

520

560

560

560

675

490

pH

(units)

8.3

8.1

7.9

8.2

8.4

8.8

9.0

8.1

8.2

8.6 -- 8.5 -- 8.7

8.9

8.6 8.5

8.5

8.6

8.5

8.7

8.7

8.1

8.5

8.2

8.2

Temper-

atur

e

3.0

13.0

16.5

13.0

23.0 8.0

9.0

9.0

7.0

3.0

18.0 7.0

19.5

10.0

20.5

23.8

20.5 7.0

14.5

12.5

13.5

13.0

16.0

15.5 9.0

4.0

15.0 6.0

Hard-

ness

(m

g/L)

1,000

1,20

039

054

01,

100

640

330

300

340

320

500

750

580

1,300

320

570

430

710

450

240

220

240

220

220

240

250

250

230

Hard-

ness

, noncar-

bonate

(mg/L)

564

1,02

0 38 124

650 83 0 0 0 3 256

532

367

702

113 34 244

487

265 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Calc

ium

dis-

, solved

(mg/

L)

150

280 79 83 110 91 64 55 59 56 84 160 94 260 53 64 66 150 70 61 57 57 53 51 56 54 57 53

Table

6.--Analyses of

water-quality

samples

coll

ecte

d at miscellaneous

surface-water

sites--Continued

Site

numb

er

on

plate

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Station

number

3919

5310

8125

000

3923

4810

8154

801

3925

0110

8295

700

3925

5210

8152

200

3925

5810

8151

500

3927

1210

8200

701

3929

1210

8193

200

3930

1510

8232

700

3930

4210

8274

000

3930

4210

8274

300

3931

1310

7550

301

3931

2610

7551

001

3931

2810

7554

901

393131107555501

3931

3310

7551

201

3935

3610

7542

800

3936

5610

8573

201

3937

1010

8022

401

3937

1910

8004

100

3937

2010

8004

000

3937

5210

8123

300

3937

5210

8251

100

3938

0910

8131

000

3938

4210

8330

301

Date

of

sa

mple

77-1

2-07

78-0

3-09

75-0

8-06

75-08-06

75-08-06

74-1

1-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

78-06-02

79-0

4-10

79-07-06

79-04-10

78-0

6-02

78-0

6-02

78-06-02

79-04-10

79-07-06

75-0

9-17

78-09-26

78-09-26

75-0

9-17

75-0

9-17

77-04-20

77-04-20

75-0

9-17

77-0

4-20

Magne-

sium

, di

s-

solved

(mg/L)

160

110 48 80 210

100 41 39 46 44 69 85 83 150 46 100 65 80 68 21 19 23 21 23 25 27 25 23

Sodi

um,

dis-

solved

(mg/L)

400

310 66 120

430

340 70 67 73 76 150

140

210

420 98 680

100

180

130 21 26 43 33 41 47 48 50 33

Percent

sodium

46 37 27 33 45 53 31 33 32 34 39 29 44 42 40 72 33 36 38 16 20 28 25 29 30 30 31 24

Sodium

adso

rp-

tion

rati

o

5.5

4.1

1.5

2.3

5.6

6.0

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.9

3.0

2.3

3.9

5.3

2.4

13 2.1 3.0

2.7 .6 .8 1.3

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.0

Potas-

sium

, di

s-

solved

(mg/L)

5.0

14 1.0 3.8

7.9

4.1

2.2

2.8

2.9

3.0

5.0

6.4

11 11 2.0

10 3.0 5.7

3.9

1.0 .4 .8 .7

1.0

1.3 .8 .8 .6

Bicar-

bona

te,

fiel

d (mg/L)

570

170

440

500

600

680

420

400

420

390

270

270 -- 700

230

530

210 -- -- 320

290

330

290

300

320

340

340

280

Alka-

1 inity,

field

(mg/L)

470

140

357

413

490

557

341

328

348

318

240

220

210

570

210

540

190

220

190

261

240

270

246

252

260

280

276

230

Carb

on

dioxide,

dis-

so

lved

(m

g/L) __ 1.4

5.5

10 6.0 4.3

1.0 .6

5.4

3.9

1.1 -- 1.3 -- .7 1.1 .8 -- 1.1

1.6

1.2

1.7 .9 .9

4.0

1.7

3.4

2.8

Sulf

ate,

dis-

solved

(mg/

L)

1,300

1,500

150

300

1,400

760

110 97 130

150

490

840

820

1,500

270

1,300

410

800

490 15 21 49 29 46 76 67 70 52

Chlo-

ride

, di

s-

solv

ed

(mg/

L)

28 16 2.2 9.0

18 10 12 7.2 4.8

4.0

11 5.3 8.9

11 2.3 5.3

1.9

2.7

1.9

1.6

1.4

2.4

1.7

2.5

2.5

3.5

1.0

1.8

Table

6.--Analyses of w

ater

-qua

lity

samples co

llec

ted

at m

isce

llan

eous su

rfac

e-wa

ter

sites--Continued

PO

PO

Site

nu

mber

on

plat

e 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Stat

ion

number

3919

5310

8125

000

3923

4810

8154

801

392501108295700

3925

5210

8152

200

3925

5810

8151

500

3927

1210

8200

701

392912108193200

3930

1510

8232

700

3930

4210

8274

000

3930

4210

8274

300

3931

1310

7550

301

3931

2610

7551

001

3931

2810

7554

901

3931

3110

7555

501

3931

3310

7551

201

3935

3610

7542

800

3936

5610

8573

201

3937

1010

8022

401

3937

1910

8004

100

3937

2010

8004

000

3937

5210

8123

300

3937

5210

8251

100

3938

0910

8131

000

3938

4210

8330

301

Date

of

samp

le

77-1

2-07

78-0

3-09

75-0

8-06

75-08-06

75-0

8-06

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

78-0

6-02

79-0

4-10

79-0

7-06

79-0

4-10

78-0

6-02

78-0

6-02

78-0

6-02

79-0

4-10

79-0

7-06

75-0

9-17

78-0

9-26

78-0

9-26

75-0

9-17

75-0

9-17

77-0

4-20

77-0

4-20

75-0

9-17

77-0

4-20

Fluo-

ride,

dis-

solved

(mg/L)

.70

.90

.30

.60

.80

.40

.80

.90

.60

.20

1.0 .80 --

2.6 .60

4.9

1.0 .70 -- .10

.10

.40

.20

.20

.20

.40

.20

.30

Sili

ca,

dis-

solved

(mg/L)

14 11 20 19 7.9

13 17 17 16 15 14 9.7 --

11 14 9.7

15 9.8

17 16 17 16 18 16 10 17 13

Sol id

s,

sum

of

constit-

uents,

dis-

solved

(mg/L)

2,34

02,

330

580

863

2,48

0

1,65

0522

483

541

539

983

1,38

0 --2,

710

627

2,57

0793

1,36

0 295

284

360

308

341

383

380

388

315

Soli

ds,

dis-

solved

(tons

per

day)

14.7 .63

1.3

4.4 .13 -- -- -- -- -- .53

3.8 .02

.80

.51

.35

.43

2.9 .02

.08

.20 -- .90

.48

2.1 .38 -- .69

Soli

ds,

dis-

solved

(ton

s per

acre

-ft)

3.2

3.2 .79

1.2

3.4

2.2 .71

.66

.74

.73

1.3

1.9

2.1

4.0 .85

3.5

1.1

1.9

1.3 .40

.39

.49

.42

.46

.52

.51

.53

.43

Nitr

o-

gen,

N0

2+N0

3 dis-

solved

(mg/

L)

.54

9.3 .10

1.1 .02

.58

.89

.39

.76

.18

3.7

4.8 --

2.5

2.3

4.9

3.7

4.6 -- .12

.31

.05

.06

.02

.20

.16

.08

.81

Phos

- phorus,

orth

o,

dis-

solv

ed

(mg/L)

Tabl

e 6.

--An

alys

es of

wa

ter-

qual

ity

samp

les

coll

ecte

d at m

isce

llan

eous

surf

ace-

wate

r sites Continued

Ki

CO

Site

numb

er

on

plate

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Station

numb

er

391953108125000

3923

4810

8154

801

392501108295700

392552108152200

392558108151500

3927

1210

8200

701

3929

1210

8193

200

3930

1510

8232

700

393042108274000

3930

4210

8274

300

3931

1310

7550

301

3931

2610

7551

001

3931

2810

7554

901

3931

3110

7555

501

3931

3310

7551

201

3935

3610

7542

800

3936

5610

8573

201

3937

1010

8022

401

393719108004100

393720108004000

393752108123300

393752108251100

393809108131000

3938

4210

8330

301

Date

of

sample

77-1

2-07

78-0

3-09

75-0

8-06

75-0

8-06

75-0

8-06

74-1

1-14

74-11-14

74-11-14

74-1

1-14

74-11-14

78-0

6-02

79-04-

1079-07-06

79-04-

1078-0

6-02

78-0

6-02

78-0

6-02

79-0

4-10

79-0

7-06

75-0

9-17

78-0

9-26

78-0

9-26

75-0

9-17

75-0

9-17

77-0

4-20

77-0

4-20

75-0

9-17

77-0

4-20

Boron,

dis-

solved

(pg/L)

260 60 160

510

290

190

240

170

120

330

250

390

980

140

1,60

0310

240

340

Table 6. --Analyses of water-quality samples collected at miscellaneous surface-water sites--Continued

Site number

on plate

1

12345

6789

10

11

1213

1415

16

1718192021

222324

Station number

391953108125000392348108154801392501108295700392552108152200392558108151500

392712108200701392912108193200393015108232700393042108274000393042108274300

393113107550301

393126107551001393128107554901

393131107555501393133107551201

393536107542800

393656108573201393710108022401393719108004100393720108004000393752108123300

393752108251100393809108131000393842108330301

Date of

sample

77-12-0778-03-0975-08-0675-08-0675-08-06

74-11-1474-11-1474-11-1474-11-1474-11-14

78-06-0279-04-1079-07-0679-04-1078-06-02

78-06-0278-06-0279-04-1079-07-0675-09-17

78-09-2678-09-2675-09-1775-09-1777-04-20

77-04-2075-09-1777-04-20

Manga- nese, dis- solved (ug/L)

8020

Tabl

e 7 .--Taxa

and de

nsit

ies

of benthic invertebrates, per

square me

ter,

co

llec

ted

from s

ites

in Ro

an C

reek

and Par

achu

te Cr

eek

basins

[Densities are

rounded

to st

anda

rd si

gnif

ican

t figures

(Greeson and

othe

rs,

1977)]

West

Fork Pa

rach

ute

Cree

k, site 1

(shown on

pi. 1)

TAXA

PHYL

UM

CLAS

S Or

der

Fami

ly

Genu

s species

Samp

ling

Date

May

Sept

. Nov.

June

Oct.

May

Oct.

Ap

r.

1977

*1

977

1977

19

78

1978

19

79

1979

1980

ARTHROPODA

INSECTA

Coleoptera (Beetles)

Help

horu

s sp

.-- ---------

----

---

Optioservus

sp. --

----

----

----

- 18

Diptera

(True

flies)

Arct

o-co

ncha

pelo

pia

sp.-- -

---

Calopsectra

sp. ------------

7Cory

noneura

sp. --

----

----

- --

HCricotopus sp.

1

3,10

0C.

sp

. 2

18C.

sp.

4---

----

----

----

----

--'"

---

Diam

esa

sp.

1

200

D. sp.

2

Dicr

anot

a sp

.---

-- ----------

---

Dixa

Sp

. ----------- - -- --

---

Empididae

Eukiefferiella sp.

1

E. sp

. 2

18E.

sp

. 3

E. sp.

4

Euparyphus sp.---- ---

----

- 4

11 18 240 18

100 43

712

0 14 ---

100 4

25

---

HO 68

32 22 11 147 22

711

0 90 100 22 4 4 32 29 25

Table

7.--Taxa an

d dens

itie

s of ben

thic

invertebrates, per

squa

re m

eter

, co

llec

ted

from si

tes

in R

oan

Creek

and

Para

chut

e Cr

eek basins--Continued

West Fo

rk Parachute

Cree

k, site 1

(shown on

pi. 1)

TAXA

Sa

mpli

ng D

ate

PHYLUM

CLASS

May

Sept.

Nov.

Ju

ne

Oct.

May

Oct.

Ap

r.

Orde

r 1977

11977

1977

1978

1978

1979

1979

1980

Family

Genus

species

ARTHRO

PODA

Con

tinu

ed

INSE

CTA--Continued

Dipter

a (True

flies)--Continued

Heme

rodr

omia

sp.

----

----

----

--

75

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

Hexa

toma

sp

.---

-- - - ---

29

4

29

4 4

18

Limnophora aequifrons --

-

---

-

---

-

-

25L. sp

. 1

11

14

25L.

sp. 2 - -- - -

-

22Metriocnemus sp.--------------

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

65Mi

crop

sect

ra sp.------- ---

--

---

---

H

4 --

- --

- --

- --

-Odontomesa sp.-------------

---

18

---

---

---

---

---

---

Orth

ocladius sp

. 1

72

4

7 4

Palp

omyi

a sp

.---

----

----

----

--

---

---

---

7 14

---

---

Pent

aneura sp. - - --

54

---

-

-

Peri

coma

sp.-------------- --

---

---

---

---

---

---

H

---

Podonominae

22

Polypedilum

sp.-

----

----

----

--

---

-

4 4

---

---

---

---

Pros

imul

ium sp

. --

---

----

--

4,10

0 --

- 100

7 --

- -

---

---

Simulium sp.

5,000

4 380

1,30

0Syndiamesa orientalis---------

72

-

---

---

---

---

---

~-~

Tany

tars

us sp.------ ---

- --

---

---

---

---

---

---

-

4Th

ienemanniella

sp.-

----

----

--

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

25Ti

pula

sp

.-~-

----

----

----

----

- 7

-

-

-

-

4

Tabl

e 7.-

-Tax

a an

d densities

of benthic invertebrates, pe

r square me

ter,

co

llec

ted

from sites

in R

oan

Cree

k an

d Pa

rach

ute

Creek Jbasins Continued

West

Fo

rk Parachute

Creek, site 1

(shown on

pi.

1)

TAXA

PHYLUM

CLASS

Orde

r Family

Genus

spec

ies

Samp

ling

Date

May

1977

Sept.

Nov.

19

77Ju

ne

1978

Oct.

1978

May

1979

Oct.

1979

Apr.

1980

ARTH

ROPO

DA C

onti

nued

INSECTA Continued

Ephe

mero

pter

a (Mayflies)

Baet

is sp

.---

----

------- --

Ciny

gmul

a sp.--- --------- -

isrvj

Ep

eoru

s gr

andi

s- ---

----

-- -

22^

Ephemerella

sp.- - ---------

29Para

leptophlebia sp. ----

---

Plecop

tera

(S

tone

flie

s)

Amph

inemura banks!-- ----- -

Capn

ia sp.---- -

----

----

----

-Chloroperlidae

150

Isoperla fu

sca-

--- ----- ---

I. qu

inqu

epun

ctat

a---

----

-

18I.

sp.- --- -------------

Para

capn

ia an

gula

ta -

----

----

--

-Pr

osto

ia besametsa---------

---

-"

Pteronarcella

badi

a ---------

---

Zapada cinctipes---- ---

----

- ---

Trichoptera

(Cad

disf

lies

) Br

achy

cent

rus

americanus------

---

Glos

soso

ma sp

.-- - --------

120

65 14 65

5,50

0 11 130 36 29 18

1,60

0 2,

600

150

4

220 90 210

160

4 14

320

18

Tabl

e 7.

--Ta

xa an

d densities

of benthic invertebrates, per

square meter, co

llec

ted

from si

tes

in R

oan

Cree

k an

d Pa

rach

ute

Cree

k basins Continued

ro

oo

West F

TAXA

PHYLUM

CLASS

Orde

rFami

lyGenu

s species

ARTH

ROPO

DA Continued

INSECTA Con

tinu

edTrichoptera

(Cad

disf

lies) Conti

Eydropsyche

sp.

1---

---

-- -

Rhya

cophila

acro

pede

s - --

Total

Numb

er of taxa

Water-quality

measuremen

tsTe

mper

atur

e (°

Ce

lsiu

s)Specific co

nduc

tanc

e(micromhos per

cent

imet

erat

25°

Celsius)

pH (u

nits

)

ork

Para

chut

e Creek, site 1

May

Sept.

Nov.

1977

X1977

1977

nued

4 14

8,100

750

23

17f ^J

_L. /

10.0

11.5

5.5

800

1,060

1,00

08.3

7.8

8.4

(shown

Samp

l

June

1978

o cn

ooU 12

10.0 840

8.2

on pi

. 1)

ing

Date

Oct.

1978 11 4

11,000 i f

t10 6.5

640

8.4

May

Oct.

Apr.

1979

1979

1980 14 4

12

2,500

5,30

00

1 Q

OO

O

JLJ

£.0

8.0

7.0

11.0

725

810

1,340

8.4

8.2

8.2

Diss

olve

d ox

ygen

(mil

ligr

ams

per

lite

r)7.8

8.0

8.7

10.4

9.8

Table

7.--Taxa an

d de

nsit

ies

of benthic invertebrates, per

squa

re m

eter

, co

llec

ted

from s

ites

in R

oan

Creek

and

Para

chut

e Creek ba

sins

- -

Middle

Fo

rk Parachute

Cree

k, site 2

(shown on

pi.

1)

TAXA

Sampling Date

PHYL

UM

CLASS

Orde

r Family

Genu

s sp

ecie

s

May

1977

Sept.

1977

Nov.

*197

7Ju

ne

1978

Oct.

1978

May

1979

Oct.

1979

Apr.

1980

ARTHROPODA

ARACHNOI

DEA

Hydr

acar

ina

(Wat

er m

ites)

Sperchonidae- -

4

INSECTA

Cole

optera

(Beetles)

Agabus sp

. ------- -- ---

----

---

Opti

oser

vus

sp. -

14

Zait

zevi

a sp.--- -- -

-

Diptera

(True

flies)

Antocha

sp.-- -- ---

- --

-

Arc to

- conchape lopia sp.--- --

- Ca

lops

ectr

a sp.- ---

-- _

^3C

oryn

onet

zra

sp. ---

----

-- --

11Cricotopus sp.

1- - -- --

360

C. sp

. 2

C. sp

. 4~- - ------- ---

---

-

Diamesa

sp.

1---

--

- D.

sp.

2 39

Dicr

anot

a sp.--- ---

-- - --

Empididae- -

-

Eukiefferiella sp.

I --------

39E.

sp

. 2 ---------- - -------

61 7 -- 14 7 4 4 7

18 4 22 22

50 11 39 4 11 11 757

22 140

150 7 61 25 210

Tabl

e 7 .-

-Tax

a and

dens

itie

s of

ben

thic

invertebrates, pe

r sq

uare

meter,

coll

ecte

d from s

ites

in Roan C

reek

and

Par

achu

te Creek ba

sins

- -C

onti

Midd

le Fo

rk P

arachute Creek, si

te 2

(sho

wn on

pi.

1)

TAXA

Sa

mpli

ng D

ate

PHYLUM

CLASS

May

Sept.

Nov.

Ju

ne

Oct.

Ma

y Oc

t.

Apr.

Or

der

1977

1977

*197

7 1978

1978

1979

1979

1980

Fami

ly

Genus

spec

ies

ARTHROPODA Conti nued

INSECTA

Cont

inue

d Diptera

(Tru

e flies) Continued

E. sp

. 3

190

E. sp

. 6

22u>

Euparyphus sp. -

7 -

-

-

-

-

4 14

0

Heli

us sp. - - - --

22He

mero

drom

ia sp

.

4 -

-

-

-

-

Hexa

toma

sp.---- "

7 --

- -

-

-"

32

4Limnop

hila sp

. 2

22

Limn

ophora sp. - -

11

-

-

"-

~

4Micropsectra sp

.--

-

-

4 -"

-

4 7

Odonto

mesa sp.--------------

270

-

-

-

Orthocladius sp

. I-

----

----

---

---

---

---

---

---

4

0. sp

. 3

-

-

4Pentaneura sp

.- -

32

-

Peri

coma

sp

.~ - -

-

-"

-

-

7 --

- 7

Polypedilum

sp.

-

-

-

4

Procladius sp.-

4

---

-

-

Pros

imul

ium

sp.-

-

-

-

440

-

Protoplasa sp

.- -

-

-

-

-

""-

4 -

Simu

lium

sp.

11

7 39

0

510

110

Syndia

mesa or

ient

alis -

83

4 -

---

-

-

-

36Th

iene

mann

iell

a sp

.

4

7

Tabl

e 7.--Taxa an

d densities

of ben

thic

invertebrates, per

squa

re meter, co

llec

ted

from si

tes

in R

oan

Cree

k and Pa

rach

ute

Creek

basi

ns--Continued

Midd

le Fo

rk Parachute

Cree

k, site 2

(shown on

pi. 1)

TAXA

Sampling Date

PHYLUM

CLASS

May

Sept.

Nov.

June

Oct.

May

Oct.

Apr.

Or

der

1977

1977

11977

1978

1978

1979

1979

1980

Fami

ly

Genus

species

ARTH

ROPO

DA C

onti

nued

INSECTA

Cont

inue

d Diptera

(Tru

e flies) Continued

Tipu

la s

p.- ---- --

-

22

---

4

4 47

Ephe

meroptera

(Mayflies)

Baet

is sp.

14

1,80

0 4

6,30

0 660

Cinygmula sp.

310

7 72

11

97

3,800

Epeo

rus sp.

110

1,50

0Ephemerella

flav

ina-

- -

29

---

-

-

-

-

£. sp.

32Pa

rale

ptop

hleb

ia sp.

-

---

18

-

-

4Rh

ithr

ogen

a sp.-- - ----

---

---

7 -

---

Tric

oryt

hode

s fallax --

-

-

-

-

-

"

7 --

-

Plec

opte

ra (Stoneflies)

Capnia sp

.-- - ---

-- --

--_

---

-

-

72

---

-

---

Chloroperlidae

200

7

7

7 110

Isoperla fu

sca-

-

-

---

-

-

---

4

340

I. qu

inqu

epun

ctat

a- - -

-

61

---

"-

4

-

110

I. sp

. i-

----

----

----

----

----

- __

_ __

_ __

_ __

_ __

_ __

_ __

_ 12

0I. sp

. 2~- - - - - --

---

""-

~

"

4Nemoura

cata

ctae

--- ---- --

4 -

-

-

---

---

Paracapnia angulata- --

---

---

~-~

-

""~

240

---

Perl

esta

placida - -- ---

-

-

-"

-

-"

7

Tabl

e 7.--Taxa an

d densities

of b

enthic invertebrates, per

square m

eter,

coll

ecte

d from s

ites

in R

oan

Creek

and Pa

rach

ute

Cree

k ha

s ins--

Middle

Fork Pa

rach

ute

Creek, si

te 2

(sho

wn on

pi.

1)

TAXA

Sampling Da

te

PHYLUM

CLASS

Orde

r Family

Ge

nus

spec

ies

May

1977

Sept

. 1977

Nov.

X197

7Ju

ne

1978

Oct.

1978

May

1979

Oct.

1979

Apr.

19

80

00 ro

ARTH

ROPO

DA C

onti

nued

INSECTA Continued

Plecop

tera

(Stonef1ies) Con

tinued

Pros

toia b

esametsa- ----- --

---

Pter

onar

cell

a badia-----------

---

Utacap

nia

sp.-------- -------

---

Zapa

da cinctipes-- ----------

---

Tric

hopt

era

(Caddisflies)

Brac

hyce

ntru

s americanus----

140

Glossosoma sp.------ -- --

130

Hydrop

syche

sp. 1- -- --

Lepidostoma

sp.-

- ----- ----

32Neothremma sp

.--

----

----

----

--

7Rh

yaco

phil

a acropedes-

------

--

4

Total

2,00

0 Nu

mber

of

taxa

29

4 29 11

18 47 7 18 36

15 3630 19

2,500 16

23 47,700 33

7 14 4 50 4 4

7,70

0 32

co CO

Tabl

e 7.--Taxa

and de

nsit

ies

of benthic invertebrates, per

square me

ter,

co

llec

ted

from sites

in Ro

an C

reek

and Pa

rach

ute

Creek basins-'Continued

Midd

le

TAXA

PHYLUM

CLASS

Orde

rFamily

Genu

s species

Wate

r-qu

alit

y measurements

Temp

erat

ure

(° Celsius)

Specific conductance

(mic

romh

os per

cent

imet

er

at 25°

Celsius)

pH (u

nits

)

Fork Parachute

Cree

k

May

1977 9.5

890

8.4

Sept.

1977

14.0

1,020

8.3

, site 2

Nov.

X197

7

6.0

970

8.2

(shown on

Samp

l ing

June

19

78

10.0 680

8.5

pl.

1)

Date

Oct.

1978 8.0

840

8.3

May

1979 7.5

580

8.4

Oct.

Apr.

19

79

1980

10.0

11.5

915

850

8.1

8.3

Diss

olve

d oxygen

(mil

ligr

ams

per

liter)

6.4

8.4

8.5

8.9

9.2

9.7

Table

7. Tax

a an

d dens

itie

s of

benthic in

vert

ebra

tes,

per

squa

re m

eter

, collected

from

sit

esin

Roa

n Cr

eek and Parachute

Creek basins- -C

ontinued

East Fo

rk P

arac

hute

Creek, si

te 3

(shown on p

i. 1)

TAXA

PHYLUM

CLASS

Orde

r Fa

mi ly

Genus

spec

ies

Samp

ling

Date

May

Sept.

Nov.

June

Oct.

May

Oct.

Apr.

1977

1977

*1

977

1978

1978

1979

1979

19

80

ARTH

ROPO

DA

ARAC

HNOI

DEA

Hydracarina

(Water m

ites

) Sp

erchonidae

4

INSE

CTA

Cole

opte

ra (Beetles)

Heli

chus

sp.-- ---- -

- Hy

grot

us sp

. --

----

----

--- - -

---

Optioservus

sp. - - ---

Dipter

a (T

rue

flies)

Arcto-conchapelopia

sp.-

Atrichopogon s

p.- - - - --

-

-

Calo

psec

tra

sp. --

----

----

-----

530

Corynoneura

sp.-

110

Cricotopus sp,

1

2,90

0C.

sp.

2

C. sp.

4- -

~ C.

sp

. 5

Diamesa

sp.

2 -----------------

57Di

cran

ota

sp.-

Dixa

sp.

Empi

dida

e

Eukief

feriella sp

. I - ---

54E.

sp

. 2

11 32 -- 2511

22 - 7

7 57 4 4 7 18

11

120

22

68

50

54

14

Tabl

e 7.

--Ta

xa and de

nsit

ies

of benthic invertebrates, per

squa

re me

ter,

co

llec

ted

from sites

in Ro

an C

reek

and

Par

achu

te Cr

eek basins Continued

East Fo

rk P

arac

hute

Cr

eek,

site 3

(shown on p

i. 1)

TAXA

Samp

ling

Da

te

PHYL

UMCLASS

May

Sept

. Nov.

June

Oct.

May

Oct.

Ap

r.

Orde

r 1977

1977

X197

7 1978

1978

1979

1979

1980

Family

Ge

nus

species

ARTHROPODA--Continued

INSECTA Continued

Diptera

(Tru

e flies)--Continued

E. sp

. 3

-

---

54E. sp

. 6 -- -

---

---

7

---

---

^

Euparyphus sp. - ---

---

---

4 -

-

4 --

- 4

701

Heme

rodr

omia

sp. -- -----

54

---

---

---

---

-

---

---

Hexa

toma

sp

. 1

14

4

25

22

18Limnophila sp

. --

----

----

----

---

---

---

7 ---

---

---

---

Limn

ophora sp

.---

---

----

----

4

---

---

-

-

---

4 --

-Me

trio

cnem

us Sp.-

----

----

----

- ---

---

---

---

---

---

H

---

Micr

opsectra sp. ------------

---

-

---

---

---

---

---

47Od

ontomesa sp.----------------

7 ---

-

-

---

---

---

Orthocladinae-

93

---

-

---

Pa

lpom

yia sp. - -

4 ---

-

4

---

-

---

Pentaneura sp

.---

----

- -

18

4 -

---

---

---

---

Peri

coma

sp

.---

----

---

----

--

---

---

---

---

H

4 H

---

Pros

imul

ium sp

.---

----

---

~~-

---

---

---

93

~~-

---

---

---

Simulium sp.

180

1,000

980

240

Syndia

znes

a or

ient

al is-

----

- -

-

4 ---

-

---

---

---

47Thiene

manniella

sp.-

----

----

--

---

---

---

4 ---

---

---

29Tipula sp

.- --

---

4 --

- 11

4

Ephe

mero

pter

a (Mayflies)

Amel

etus

sp.------ ----------

-

---

---

---

-

---

-

14Ba

etis

sp.

32

75

72

2,200

2,90

0 820

Tabl

e 7.

--Ta

xa an

d de

nsit

ies

of benthic in

vert

ebra

te s,

per

squa

re me

ter,

co

llec

ted

from

sites

in Ro

an Creek

and Pa

rach

ute

Creek ba

sins

- -

East Fork P

arachute Creek, site 3

(sho

wn on

pi.

1)

TAX A

Sa

mpli

ng Date

PHYL

UMCLASS

May

Sept.

Nov.

June

Oc

t.

May

Oct.

Apr.

Orde

r 19

77

1977

*1977

1978

1978

1979

1979

19

80

Family

Genus

species

ARTHROPODA--Conti nu

ed

INSECTA Continued

Ephe

mero

pter

a (Mayflies)--Continued

Ciny

gmul

a sp.

4 4

47

29

130

3,80

0Dr

unel

la sp

.---

----

---

------

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

4Epeorus

gran

dis-

---- ------

---

---

---

14

---

---

---

4,30

0E.

sp

.

4

4Ephemerella

margarita-

----

----

-

-

---

---

---

---

---

22E.

prosepina-----

----- ----

---

22

---

---

---

---

---

---

E. sp

.--~

------------- ----

---

4 --

- 25

--

- --

- --

- --

-

Paraleptophlebia sp

.

18

90

810

Para

mele

tus

sp.-

----

-- ---

- --

- --

- --

- --

- --

- -

---

810

Plecop

tera

(S

tone

flie

s)Capnia sp.---- --------------

---

-

---

-

90

---

---

---

Chloroperlidae

25

7

4 47

Isop

erla

fu

sca-

- --------- -

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

290

I. qu

inqu

epun

ctat

a-------- --

---

---

---

7 --

- --

- 310

---

I. sp.

97

18Nemour

a ve

nust

a- ---

-- ---

--

---

7 -

---

---

---

---

Para

capn

ia an

gula

ta--

- ------

---

-

---

---

-

---

65

---

Perl

esta

placida----------

----

-

-

-

---

4 -

-

Pictetia ex

pans

a---

--- ------

---

-

---

7 --

- --

- --

-Pteron

arce

lla

badia

18

32

4 4

11Zapada

cinctipes--- - --

79

---

-

---

7 --

- 18

---

Tabl

e 7.

--Ta

xa and

densities

of ben

thic

invertebrates, pe

r squar