IJEP 35 (2) : 89-99 (2015) (Received on July 27, 2014)

Hydrogeomorphological and Groundwater Prospects in and Around Rajampet : A Combined Geophysical and Remote Sensing Approach G.Sudarsana Raju

Yogi Vemana University, Department of Geology, Kodapa -516 003

In the study, an attempt has been made to delineate the groundwater potential zones in the Rajampet, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. The present study has been for targeting groundwater in hard rock terrain by adopting geophysical and remote sensing techniques. Information on geomorphology and lineaments were generated and integrated to prepare the hydrogeomorphological and lineament map of the study area. The hydrogeomorphic units, like floodplains, intermontane valley have good groundwater potential and pediplains and pediments have moderate to poor groundwater potential. The structural hills, denudational hills and inselberg are indicated as runoff zone. The areas of intersection points of lineaments in pediplain, floodplain and intermontane valleys are important loci for groundwater occurrence. Vertical electrical soundings reveals that the thickness of the aquifer (that is water bearing and yielding formation) ranges from 20 to 60 m in hydrogeomorphic units, like floodplain, intermontane valley and weathered buried pediplain. The weathered and fractured zone constitutes the aquifer system in area. Depending upon the depth to massive bedrock, suitable groundwater structures have been suggested to harness groundwater for sustaining growth of agriculture and mitigating drinking water problem in Rajampet area.

Keyword

Remote sensing, Lineaments, Geophysical methods, Groundwater.

IJEP 35 (2) : 100-109 (2015) (Received on August 23, 2014)

Estimation of Physico-chemical Parameter of Water in and Around Sangam in Allahabad Vandna Pathak, Sushma Singh and K.K. Singh

Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Department of Physical Science, Chitrakoot - 485 780, Satna

This paper deals with the physico-chemical parameter of Ganga and Yamuna rivers in and around Sangam in Allahabad district, U.P. Monthly changes in physical and chemical parameters, such as water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, calcium, magnesium hardness, alkalinity and biological parameters (total coliform Mpn, 100 mL, fecal colliform, Mpn100 mL) were analyzed for a period of 9 months from April 2011 to December 2011. The results indicate that physico- chemical properties of Ganga and Yamuna river water at Sangam in Allahabad district were not found in within the desirable limit of drinking water but suitable for irrigation and pisiculture purpose.

Keyword

Surface water, Turbidity, Biological oxygen demand, Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Alkalinity Biological parameters (total coliform, fecal colliform, Mpn 100 mL).

IJEP 35 (2) : 110-117 (2015) (Received on June 13, 2014)

Monitoring the Quality of Groundwater in Cherukupalli Mandal, Guntur District P. Swarna Latha and P.V. Ramesh Kumar

Andhra University, Department of Geography, Visakhapatnam - 530 003

The results of physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples from selected bore wells in Cherukupalli mandal area of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh were collected in the month of May during the year 2011 (pre-monsoon season) which were analyzed for various water quality parameters by adopting standard methods and compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards. Most of the analyzed groundwater samples showed that the area is under hard water category. Hence, it is suggested to the local authorities that, groundwater in the Cherukupalli mandal area, can be used safely for drinking and domestic purposes after proper pretreatment only.

KEYWORD

Groundwater, Water quality, Physico-chemical analysis, BIS standards.

IJEP 35 (2) : 118-126 (2015) (Received on June 16, 2014)

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Heavy Metal Pollution Index During Monsoon & Post-Monsoon Season R.K. Kamal, Gurdeep Singh and Atahar Perwez

Indian School of Mines, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dhanbad-826 004

Contamination of groundwater due to heavy metals is a major concern that received attention at regional, local and global levels because of their toxicological importance in ecosystems and impact on public health.The major sources of heavy metals in ground water are industrial wastes originating from mining, manufacturing and processing activities. Mining activities have a significant impact on groundwater in terms of heavy metal contamination and depletion of groundwater resources. This study addressed the contamination of groundwater due to heavy metals. For the assessment groundwater samples over monsoon and post-monsoon were collected from 45 wells which includes all the 5 mining talukas of the study area. From the monitored concentration of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), heavy metal pollution index values (HPI) were obtained. Groundwater quality of the study area is observed excellent with respect to heavy metals as evidenced by the HPI values. The HPI values are observed well below the critical limit (100). The observed HPI values also indicate that iron ore mining activities have not significant detrimental impacts on the ground water quality with respect to heavy metals in the study area.

Keyword

Groundwater quality, Heavy metal, HPI, Iron ore mining.

IJEP 35 (2) : 127-137 (2015) (Received on June 11, 2014)

Application of Water Quality Index for Categorizing Ground-water in Mahi-Narmada Inter Stream Area, Gujarat Sumit Dabral, Bindu Bhatt, J. P. Joshi and N. Sharma

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Vadodara - 390 002

Assessment and mapping of quality of groundwater is an important quantity, because the physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater determine its suitability for agricultural, industrial and domestic usages. The study assesses the ground water quality in Mahi-Narmada inter stream area of Gujarat. Ground water samples for pre-monsoon 2003 were collected from the study area analyzed for various physico-chemical parameter using standard methods. Based on the hydrogeochemical analysis, water quality index (WQI) in the study area is calculated to determine the suitability of ground water for drinking purpose. The variations in the concentrations of water quality parameter indicated high concentration of chloride, TDS, total hardness and sulphate while other parameters, like fluoride, nitrate, calcium, pH and magnesium were within permissible limits except in few areas which may be attributed mainly due to lithogenic conditions. Study indicates that out of 101 samples, 34% samples are in excellent water category, 42% are in good category, 17% in poor, 2% in very poor and 6% of the samples are undesirable for drinking. Different ratings of water quality have been observed which indicated deteriorating ground water quality especially in the western and central part of the study area.

KEYWORD

Ground water quality index (GWQI), Groundwater, Geology, Drinking water.

IJEP 35 (2) : 138-143 (2015) (Received on July 31, 2014)

A Study on assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking in Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam Indira Priyadarshini Vankineni and T.Usha Madhuri

Andhra University, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam

The importance of water in human life is so much that the development of any civilization has particulary taken place near some sources of water supply. There is a pressing global problem of increasing freshwater scarcity. The other side of the problem is diminishing water quality. The upcoming sub-urban area of Visakhapatnam city, that is Madhurawada is taken as the area of study. Fortyeight samples of groundwater are collected from many of the existing open well, bore well and handpump. These samples are analysed for their physico-chemical parameters, that is pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total alkalinity, total hardness, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, iron, calcium and magnesium. Suitable conclusions are drawn from the results regarding the existing groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking.

Keyword

groundwater, quality, drinking purposes, health.

IJEP 35 (2) : 144-150 (2015) (Received on May 16, 2014)

Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Vaigai River Water S. Anand and S.S.N. Somasundaram

Alagappa Govt. Arts College, P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Karaikudi-630 003

The physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were measured at 6 sampling stations from Vaigai river. The Total dissolved solid were relatively higher than the total suspended solid. In general magnesium recorded higher values in all the samples than calcium. The concentration of chloride in the sampling stations were in the range of 14.88 to 21.41 mg/L. The biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values of the sampling station were varied from 7.9 to 8.7 mg/L and 15 to 25 mg/L, respectively. The Chemical oxygen demand values are high in all the stations than Biological oxygen demand values. All the physico-chemical parameter values were below the prescribed limit of WHO (1993), ICMR (1975) in all the Vaigai river water. The total heterotrophic bacterial count was ranged from 1.6×10-2 CFU/mLto 4.46×10 CFU/mL and the total coliform count varied from15 MPN/100 mL to 240 MPN/100 mL. From this study, it concluded that most of the Vaigai river water samples are not suitable for the purpose of drinking. Hence, the water samples should be consumed only after proper treatment.

KEYWORD

Physico-chemical parameters, Bacterial quality, Vaigai river.

IJEP 35 (2) : 151-158 (2015) (Received on March 10, 2014)

Statistical Analysis of Physico-chemical and Biological Water Quality of River Ken in District Banda M.K. Gupta and G.S. Gupta

Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidhyalaya, Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Energy and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, Chitrakoot-485 780, Satna

Water of river Ken was found to have total hardness and turbidity values more than the permissible level. The high values of these parameters may have health complications and, therefore, they need attention. The present study was designed to analyze water of river Ken for various physico-chemical and biological characteristics in terms of mass bathing impact in summer season, year 2012. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship of water quality parameters. It revealed a significant correlation among 16 physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, TDS, total solid, DO, BOD, COD, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, fluoride, total coliform of the surface water samples collected from 7 villages situated at the bank of river Ken in district Banda (U.P.). Analysis of the above parameters was carried out using standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. The results were compared with drinking water quality standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards and WHO. Values of most of the selected parameters were found beyond the permissible limit of the prescribed standards.

KEYWORD

Surface water, Physico-chemical and biological water quality, Trace element.

IJEP 35 (2) : 159-162 (2015) (Received on September 30, 2013)

Study on Physico-chemical Parameter of Pond Water of Mandir Hasoud Region, Raipur, Chhattisgarh Rama Kushwaha and O. P. Rai

Government Autonomous P.G. College, Department of Chemistry, Satna

The physical and chemical characteristics of ponds water were investigated for 4 samples during monsoon season, post- monsoon, winter season and pre-monsoon (2011-12).The studied ponds situated near about an integrated steel and power plant at Mandir Hasoud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The 11 water quality parameters, like pH, TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, iron, fluoride, sulphate, nitrate, calcium and magnesium were analyzed in the present study. The pH, TDS, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, calcium and magnesium found within the prescribed norms. Fluoride concentration in sample SW1, SW2 and SW4 found slightly higher than desired limit but under permissible limit as prescribed by BIS. Iron concentration found higher than permissible limit in all the samples. The higher concentration of iron may be due to deposition of suspended particulate matter from atmosphere to surface, that is emitted from nearest an integrated steel and power plant. The maximum iron concentration found in the Serikheri pond which is situated in the downwind direction with respect to the plant where dispersion of air pollutants may be greater than other location.

KEYWORD

physico-chemical, parameter, Quality.

IJEP 35 (2) : 163-171 (2015) (Received on June 14, 2014)

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in and Around Pendlimarri Mandal, Kadapa District V. Sunitha, B. Muralidhara Reddy, P. Venkata Nagaraja and H.Nagamani

Yogi Vemana University, Department of Geology, Kadapa - 516 003

Drinking water is an important resource that needs to be protected from pollution and biological contamination. Water is vital to health, well-being, food security and socio-economic development of mankind. Underground water is clean but it depends upon quality and quantity of materials dispersed and dissolved in it. Therefore, the presence of contaminants in natural freshwater continues to be one of the most important environmental issues in many areas of the world, particularly in developing countries, where several communities are far away from potable water supply. Low-income communities, which rely on untreated surface water and groundwater supplies for domestic and agricultural uses are the most exposed to the impact of poor water quality. The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality in and around Pendlimarri Mandal, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. The study area falls in the Survey of India toposheet no. 57 J/11. Eighteen sample locations were selected and water samples used for drinking purpose were collected from bore wells at different villags of Pendlimarri Mandal of YSR district, Kadapa during the months of Februay and March 2014. Geologically the study area consists of shales, schists amphibolites and iron ore formations. The soil type is predominantly red. This soil is generally of poor quality and extends only to a small depth below the ground level. The top soil has a thickness of 1-2 m and is followed by weathered shales, fractured shales and phyllites. It is observed that most of the groundwater is alkaline in nature. The analytical data reports that the water quality parameters, like pH, EC, Cl-, SO42-, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, total hardness do not meet the water quality standards. The water in the study area is not suitable for domestic consumption without prior treatment.

KEYWORD

Groundwater quality assessment, Pendli-marri, Kadapa.