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Hydrogen produced in an on-board fuel processor for
Transcript of Hydrogen produced in an on-board fuel processor for
Acknowledgements Financial support obtained from The
Swedish Energy Agency, is gratefully
acknowledged.
Hydrogen produced in an on-board fuel processor for
automotive applications Angélica V. González Arcos and Lars J. Pettersson
KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
SE-10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
For further Information Please contact Angélica González
Tel: +46-87909150
E-mail address: [email protected].
More information on this and related
projects can be obtained at:
http://researchprojects.kth.se/index.php/kb_
7863/oe_8042/oe.html
What we do? Development of a compact heat integrated fuel reformer to achieve good packing and high efficiency in an
Auxiliary power unit system, shown in Fig. 1. Analyze the impact of the addition of biofuels on the reformer
performance and catalyst activity e. g. US06, DIN590EN, Fischer-Tropsch fuels and biodiesel such as rapeseed
methyl ester (RME).
After the fuel reformer additional units are present, like the high and
low temperature water gas shift units (HT-WGS and LT-WGS) to
increase the hydrogen production and CO clean-up units such as
preferential oxidation (PrOX) to avoid poisoning of the fuel cell
catalyst.
Fig. 1 Hydrogen fuel cell based APU for transport applications
APU
Fuel processor APU in Truck
Using RME for hydrogen production by autothermal reforming is a
viable process with a H2 production of 28-32 %, shown in Fig. 4 .
By increasing O2/C ratio, formation of CO increases due to the reverse water gas shift reaction at 700-800°C, while the
concentration of CO2 decreases.
Regarding temperature profiles similar results can be seen as
previous works in our laboratory [3].
Fig. 3 Autothermal reformer
0
5
10
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35
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H2 CO2 CO N2
Co
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ntr
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n (
mo
l %)
Product gas composition
RME (H2O/C=2,5, O2/C=0,25)
RME (H2O/C=2,5, O2/C=0,3)
RME (H2O/C=2,5, O2/C=0,35)
RME (H2O/C=2,5, O2/C=0,4)
ATR reactions, steam reforming and partial oxidation of the fuel, are
enhance by controlling the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O2/C) and the
steam-to-carbon ratio (H2O/C) in the reformer.
Variation of these operating parameters is used to determine the
potential influence of the fuel mixture on the reformate (product
gas) quality and the optimal operating conditions.
The reforming process in an on-board fuel
processor is carried out through an autothermal
reforming (ATR) process in structured monolithic
catalysts, shown in Fig.2.
Fig. 4 Operating parameter study using RME
H2 Fuel Cell
Why? Global warming is mainly cause by the greenhouse
gas emissions e.g. CO2, CO, NOx. It has been
reported that 23% of CO2 emissions came from the
transport sector [1]. The 80% of that comes from
heavy-duty trucks, which can operate the engine
for more than 50% at idle mode.
Alternative solution… Replacing the engine idling with a small fuel cell auxiliary
power unit (APU) is today considered by the automotive
industry as the most viable alternative for idle reduction, as
shown in Fig. 1.
Hydrogen produced in an on-board fuel processor by a
catalytic reforming process is a valid alternative to
overcome limitations such as storage and transport [2].
ATR
HT-WGS
LT-WGS
PrOX 1
PrOX 2
Fig. 2 Monolithic substratesr
Reforming while using noble metal catalysts e.g.
Rh, Ru, Pt, ensure the high conversion, and
selectivity of the fuel, e.g. diesel and alternative
fuels like RME. Fig. 3 show the fuel reformer
Idling is the use of the engine, for non-propulsion
purposes, to support the comfort functions in the
vehicle, i.e. microwave, air conditioning, lighting,
audio equipment.
Engine idling is both fuel inefficient as well as a significant
contributor of exhaust emissions.
Literature cited
[1] Greenhouse gas reduction strategies in the transport sector,
in International transport Forum 2008.
[2] I. Kang, J. Bae, J. Power Sources. 159 (2006), 1283-1290.
[3] X. Karatzas, M. Nilsson, J. Dawody, B. Lindström, L.J.
Pettersson. Chem. Eng. J. 156 (2010), 366-379.
How ?