Hydrogen as Fuel - Copy

8/8/2019 Hydrogen as Fuel - Copy

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-A potential for future fuel

Presented by:

Akshay Gupta

2nd year

electrical branch

Guided by:

Dr.Chandni Kriplani

Asst. Dean IyrPIET

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Importance of hydrogen fuel

Production of hydrogen

Storage of hydrogen

Application of hydrogen as fuel

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INTRODUCTION

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the

universe.

Hydrogen has the highest combustion energy release per unit

of weight of any commonly occurring material. . This propertymakes it the fuel of choice for upper stages of multi-stage

rockets.

On combustion of hydrogen the only by-product is heat andwater.

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 572 kJ (286 kJ/mol)

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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN FUEL

The Goal ofHydrogen Fuel is to reduce petroleum use, reducegreenhouse gas emissions, and reduce air pollution.

Hydrogen has significant potential as a clean energy source for

broad range of applications including power production andtransportation.

Large areas in the country do not have access to electricitywhich can be provided decentralized power based on hydrogen

energy.

Hydrogen and fuel cells vehicles can progressively replacepetroleum based vehicles.

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Hydrogen fuel cycle

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(CONT.)

Engines using hydrogen will last much longer and start faster in

any weather.

Hydrogen is the only fuel whose production and end use can

both contribute directly to eliminating many of our

environmental, economic, and health problems.

Clean engine exhaust is probably the best of all the advantages

. .

Advantages H2- vs. - fossil fuels :

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Electrolysis of water : An electrical current used to separate

water into its components of oxygen and hydrogen.

Method of production:

Electrolysis of water ship Hydrogen Challenger

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (CONT.)

Photo electrochemical water splitting: using electricityproduced by photovoltaic systems offers the cleanest way toproduce hydrogen. Water is broken into hydrogen and oxygen byelectrolysisa photo electrochemical cell (PEC) process whichis also named artificial photosynthesis.

Concentrating solar thermal : Very high temperatures arerequired to dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen. Acatalyst is required to make the process operate at feasible

temperatures.H

eating the water can be achieved through theuse of concentrating solar power.

This technology could be readily scaled up to themegawatt range by multiplying the available reactor units andby connecting the plant to heliostat fields (fields of sun-tracking

mirrors) of a suitable size. 8


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STORAGE OF HYDROGEN

Hydrogen has a very low volumetric energy density at ambient

conditions, equal to about one-third that of methane.

A nonreactive noble gas called xenon combined with hydrogenand other massive pressure gives rise to a solid that can be later

used to store hydrogen fuel.

Hydrogen can be stored in the form of Hydrides

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APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN AS

FUEL

A fuel cell is simply a device that takes in oxygen from the air

and hydrogen from a tank, and reacts them in a controlled way

to produce water vapour and electric power. In a vehicle, that

power can then be directed through an ordinary electric motor

to turn the wheels.

A fuel cell works like a battery but does not run down or need

recharging. It will produce electricity and heat as long as fuel(hydrogen) is supplied.

Fuel cell is 99.9% efficient as automotive fuel.

Fuel cell

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APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN AS FUEL

(CONT.)

Working of fuel cell:

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(CONT.)

Single-Cylinder Hydrogen, Spark Ignition Engine :

Hydrogen-powered engines could act as a bridging technologytoward a large-scale hydrogen infrastructure by using the well-

known and widely used internal combustion engine as thedevice that transforms the energy stored in hydrogen intomotion.

Multi-Cylinder Hydrogen, Spark Ignition Engine :

Currently, this multi-cylinder engine is being operated withhydrogen port injection on a variable air/fuel ratio operatingconcept. At low engine loads, very lean combustion of hydrogenair mixtures allows efficient and virtually emissions-

Hydrogen internal combustion engine

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(CONT.)

The advantage of using ICE (internal combustion engine) such

as wankel and piston engines is that the cost of retooling for

production is much lower. Existing-technology ICE can still be

used to solve those problems where fuel cells are not a viable

solution as yet, for example in cold-weather applications.

BMW has been active in the development of hydrogen as an

automotive fuel. esearchers from BMW have

developed an engine optimized for hydrogen operation

BMW plans to further improve the overall efficiency of future

iterations, by utilizing the waste heat from the exhaust.

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