Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow,...
-
Upload
geoffrey-york -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
3
Transcript of Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow,...
![Page 1: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview
Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview
Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D.
Wilkes University
Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D.
Wilkes University
![Page 2: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
www.cs.berkeley.edu/~artin/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 3: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Points to be coveredPoints to be covered
The water cycle Flowing water as a source of power Historic uses of hydro power Types of hydroelectric generation Benefits of hydroelectric power generation Current levels of hydroelectrical generation
capacity worldwide and in US Issues regarding hydroelectric Potential new sources of hydroelectricity The WebQuest
The water cycle Flowing water as a source of power Historic uses of hydro power Types of hydroelectric generation Benefits of hydroelectric power generation Current levels of hydroelectrical generation
capacity worldwide and in US Issues regarding hydroelectric Potential new sources of hydroelectricity The WebQuest
![Page 4: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
www.rdc.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 5: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Flowing water is a source of powerFlowing water is a source of power
POWER (kW) = 5.9 x FLOW x HEAD
FLOW is measured in m3/sec HEAD is measured in meters
POWER (kW) = 5.9 x FLOW x HEAD
FLOW is measured in m3/sec HEAD is measured in meters
![Page 6: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hydro power is used in two waysHydro power is used in two ways
Electrical generationElectrical generation
plaza.ufl.edu/cjk11/
DirectDirect
www.mastergardenproducts.com/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
![Page 7: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Direct uses of hydro energyDirect uses of hydro energy
Textile manufacturing Grist mills Sawmills Irrigation
Textile manufacturing Grist mills Sawmills Irrigation QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
www.ourbc.com/travel_bc/
![Page 8: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hydroelectric power generationHydroelectric power generation
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 9: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of hydroelectrical generationTypes of hydroelectrical generation
Impoundment Pumped storage capacity Run of river (diversion)
Impoundment Pumped storage capacity Run of river (diversion)
![Page 10: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Impoundment generating facilityImpoundment generating facility
geochange.er.usgs.gov/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 11: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Pumped storage capacityPumped storage capacity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stwlan.dam.jpg
![Page 12: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diversion facilityDiversion facility
www1.eere.energy.gov/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 13: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Classification of Hydro Plants Based on SizeClassification of Hydro Plants Based on Size
Micro - < 0.1 mWSmall - 0.1 - 30 mWLarge - >30 mW
Micro - < 0.1 mWSmall - 0.1 - 30 mWLarge - >30 mW
![Page 14: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Classification of Hydro Plants Based on HeadClassification of Hydro Plants Based on Head
© 2000 Geothermal Education Office
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
High - >66’
www.usbr.gov
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Low - 10-66’
www.fremontrescue.org/
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Ultra low - <10’
wdfw.wa.gov/fish/
![Page 15: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Benefits of hydroelectric powerBenefits of hydroelectric power Economic benefits
No fuel costs Low labor
Dams provide recreation and flood protection Systems are long-lived (decades) Provides relatively constant power Conserves fossil fuels Benefits local economies Can be implemented remotely Can prevent pollution caused by fossil fuels
Economic benefits No fuel costs Low labor
Dams provide recreation and flood protection Systems are long-lived (decades) Provides relatively constant power Conserves fossil fuels Benefits local economies Can be implemented remotely Can prevent pollution caused by fossil fuels
![Page 16: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Current worldwide hydroelectricity outputCurrent worldwide hydroelectricity output
715,000 megawatts 19% of all energy production
715,000 megawatts 19% of all energy production
www.wikipedia.org
![Page 17: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hydroelectric power output by country (1992)Hydroelectric power output by country (1992)
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 18: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hydroelectrical power output by country (2006)Hydroelectrical power output by country (2006)
050
100150200250300350400450
ChinaCanada
Brazil USARussia India
NorwayJapan
SwedenFrance
Output (TWh)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
![Page 19: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hydroelectric capacityHydroelectric capacity
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 20: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© 2000 Geothermal Education Office
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
ff.org/centers/csspp/library/
![Page 21: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 22: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
U.S. Hydroelectric storage capacityU.S. Hydroelectric storage capacity
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 23: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Environmental problems?Environmental problems?
http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/geoenergy.php
Impacts to fish and birds Upstream impacts
Wetlands are flooded Humans often displaced Siltation behind dams Release of greenhouse gasses
Downstream effects Scouring Temperature impacts Dam failures can flood downstream communities
Impacts to fish and birds Upstream impacts
Wetlands are flooded Humans often displaced Siltation behind dams Release of greenhouse gasses
Downstream effects Scouring Temperature impacts Dam failures can flood downstream communities
![Page 24: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Potential new sources of hydroelectricityPotential new sources of hydroelectricity
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TidesTides
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Waves
![Page 25: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tide PowerTide Power
Based on diurnal movements of water in oceans
Most effective in areas with pronounced tides
Include Tidal stream systems
(kinetic energy of flow) Barrages (head energy of
surface differences)
Based on diurnal movements of water in oceans
Most effective in areas with pronounced tides
Include Tidal stream systems
(kinetic energy of flow) Barrages (head energy of
surface differences)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
www-staff.it.uts.edu.au
![Page 26: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tidal stream systemsTidal stream systems
Dominant technology is shrouded turbine
Prototypes have been tested in England, Australia, and Italy.
Outputs up to 1.2 MW are noted
Dominant technology is shrouded turbine
Prototypes have been tested in England, Australia, and Italy.
Outputs up to 1.2 MW are noted
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki
![Page 27: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Barrage systemsBarrage systems
Depend upon impoundments built along coastlines
Developed in Canada, Russia, and France
Largest generates 240 MW.
Limited by geography, environmental considerations
Depend upon impoundments built along coastlines
Developed in Canada, Russia, and France
Largest generates 240 MW.
Limited by geography, environmental considerations
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki
![Page 28: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Wave PowerWave Power
Based on up-and-down motion of sea surface
Can be captured using devices that convert motion to electricity
Could yield more electricity than tidal
Recently deployed systems include Portuguese project - 2.25 MW Scotland project - 3.0 MW
Challenges include low speeds, corrosion, wind damage
Based on up-and-down motion of sea surface
Can be captured using devices that convert motion to electricity
Could yield more electricity than tidal
Recently deployed systems include Portuguese project - 2.25 MW Scotland project - 3.0 MW
Challenges include low speeds, corrosion, wind damage
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
www.dg58.dupage.k12.il.us
![Page 29: Hydroelectric Energy: An Overview Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University Kenneth M. Klemow, Ph.D. Wilkes University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e055503460f94af14de/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
So, is hydropower the answer to our energy concerns?
So, is hydropower the answer to our energy concerns?
You tell me!You tell me!