Hydrocarbon systems evidence Hudson Bay Basin Paleozoic Stratigraphy · 2016-04-29 · A modern...
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Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northeast Manitoba by M.P.B. Nicolas (MGS) and D. Lavoie (GSC-Quebec) Manitoba Mines and Minerals Convention, Winnipeg, Manitoba, November 18-20, 2010 MGS m a n i t o b a g e o l o g i c a l s u r v e y 1 9 2 8 O RHR Devonian Ordovician LEGEND S KRm S KRl S AT S ER S SR Kenogami River Fm (middle) Kenogami River Fm (lower) Attawapiskat Fm Ekwan River Fm Severn River Fm Silurian D MR D K D STR D KRu Moose River Fm Kwataboahegan Fm Stooping River Fm Kenogami River Fm (upper) O CR O BCR Red Head Rapids Fm Churchill River Gp Bad Cache Rapids Gp Stratigraphic test hole or mineral exploration borehole with available core in Winnipeg. Kennco #2 0 50 100 kilometres project area 88 51’ W o 96 01’ W o PRECAMBRIAN O RHR Churchill Hudson Bay Manitoba Ontario 55 00’ N o 58 49’ N o 58 56’ N o 55 04’ N o 88 23’ W o 96 19’ W o D MR D K D STR D KRu S KRm S KRl S AT S ER S SR O CR O BCR Gillam Split Lake Churchill River Nelson River Hayes River Seal River Whitebear Creek Comeault No. 1 Kaskattama No. 1 Kennco No. 5 Kennco No. 2 Pennycutaway No. 1 ADD-5-1 ADD-9-1 ADD-16-1 ADD-6-1 M-1-2003 M-2-3003 M-3-2003 M-4-2003 M-5-2003 Pennycutaway No. 2 Area shown in Figure 2 50 25 kilometres 0 Gillam Split Lake Nelson River Hayes River Hudson Bay Conawapa Axis B Conawapa Axis DX Gillam Island S KRm S KRl S AT S ER S SR O RHR O CR O BCR PRECAMBRIAN 57 10’ N o 96 02’ W o 57 10’ N o 91 21’ W o 55 56’ N o 91 21’ W o 96 02’ W o 55 56’ N o 5A 5B 5C-6 7 8 2 3 4a,b ? Dalejan Zlichovian Ashgillian Caradocian Pragian Couvinian L M U Ludlovian Pridolian Gedinnian Siegenian Eifelian Emsian Llandoverian Wenlockian upper middle lower Portage Chute Formation Surprise Creek Formation Caution Creek Formation Chasm Creek Formation Member 1 Member 2 Gamachian Richmondian Maysvillian Edenian Bad Cache Rapids Group Churchill River Group Severn River Formation Ekwan River Formation Attawapiskat Formation Kenogami River Formation Stooping River Formation Kwataboahegan Formation Moose River Formation Red Head Rapids Formation Period Series System/ stage Hudson Bay Lowlands northeastern Manitoba Manitoba Hydro Conawapa units (Axis B) ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN DEVONIAN Upper Lower Lower PRECAMBRIAN 1B 1A Lochkovian ? Hudson Bay Basin Paleozoic Stratigraphy Hydrocarbon systems evidence Evidence for a hydrocarbon system, such as bituminous residues and oil staining was found. In some of the Conawapa cores, bituminous residues are present along open fractures, as shown in . Oil staining in the Comeault core was also found, and is shown in . These bituminous residues and oil staining indicate that a hydrocarbon system was active at a poorly constrained stage of basin evolution; however, whether hydrocarbons were locally produced or have undergone long-range migration from the centre of the basin is uncertain. Bituminous residues were identified in Silurian rocks from the Manitoba Hydro Gillam Island cores, as well as in Ordovician rocks in MH units 2, 3, 4, and 5A from the Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B cores, but seem most common in MH unit 3 (Member 2 of the Portage Chute Formation). The bituminous residue and oil stained samples of the Conawapa cores and Comeault core will be analyzed by Rock Eval™. Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 5: Bituminous residue along an open vertical fracture in MH unit 3 of Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B - C292 core. Introduction The Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project is in its second year. It is part of the Geological Survey of Canada Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program, whose energy side aims to study the hydrocarbon potential of these Phanerozoic sedimentary basins. In Manitoba, the Hudson Bay Basin is represented by the Paleozoic carbonate succession of the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) in the northeastern corner of the province ( ). Project activities this year included core logging, a core workshop and a field trip, together with various laboratory analyses, including biostratigraphy and organic geochemistry. Figure 1 Figure 1: Hudson Bay Lowlands in northeastern Manitoba, showing the location of the cores available; inset is the project area for the GEM Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project. Figure 3: Stratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, with correlations to the Manitoba Hydro units; Ordovician System/Stages from Zhang and Barnes (2007) and Silurian System/Stages from Norris (1993); photographs from most of the formations are shown. Figure 2: Locations of the Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B,Conawapa Axis DX and Gillam Island sites (rectangular boxes), and the cores examined this year (black circles); see Figure 1 for geological legend. Economic considerations A good comprehension of the stratigraphy of the HBL and how it correlates and changes across the basin is critical in understanding the geological evolution and, in turn, the economic potential of the Hudson Bay Basin. New biostratgraphic data are being acquired and will help resolve stratigraphic correlations, whereas organic geochemistry will help characterize potential hydrocarbon source rocks. A modern synthesis and solid understanding of the architecture and nature of potential hydrocarbon systems of the Hudson Bay and Foxe basins aims to promote hydrocarbon exploration in this region. Manitoba's primary advantage is that it manages the only deepwater port in northern waters at Churchill. Exploration activities resulting in hydrocarbon production, development and related infrastructure would therefore provide a source for significant economic growth and stimulus in northern Manitoba. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank G. Benger, V. Varga, R. Unruh and the summer students from the Manitoba Geological Survey (MGS) Rock Preparation and Core Storage Facility for their help in locating available core and preparing it for viewing. The authors also thank T. Middleton from Manitoba Hydro for giving us full access to the Conawapa cores at the Manitoba Hydro Kettle Core Warehouse in Gillam. We acknowledge summer students D. Campbell (MGS) and K. Mozdzen (Manitoba Hydro) for their assistance in preparing the Conawapa core for viewing. The authors also thank G. Young for his patience and assistance in helping us understand the subtleties of the HBL stratigraphy, correlations and paleontological assemblages. Devonian Stooping River Formation Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1 Devonian Kenogami River Formation (upper) Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No. 1 Silurian Kenogami River Formation (middle) Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1 Silurian Kenogami River Formation (lower) Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1 Silurian Attawapiskat Formation Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1 Silurian Ekwan River Formation Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1 Silurian Severn River Formation Manitoba Hydro Gillam Island - GI2 Ordovician Red Head Rapids Formation Houston Oils et al. Comeault Prov. No. 1 Ordovician Churchill River Group Merland et al. Whitebear Creek Prov. Ordovician Bad Cache Rapids Group, Portage Chute Formation, Member 2 Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B 06-CD-44 Ordovician Bad Cache Rapids Group, Portage Chute Formation, Member 1 Kennco No. 5 Precambrian weathered and unweathered granite Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis DX Dx1000 References Nicolas, M.P.B. and Lavoie, D. 2010: Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project: update on a Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program (GEM) initiative, northeastern Manitoba (part of NTS 54); Report of Activities 2010, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. - . Norris, A. W. 1993: Hudson Platform - Geology; Chapter 8 Sedimentary Cover of the Craton in Canada, D. F. Stott and J. D. Aitken (eds.), Geological Survey of Canada, (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. D-1). Zhang, S. and Barnes, C. R. 2007: Late Ordovician-Early Silurian conodont biostratigraphy and thermal maturity, Hudson Bay Basin, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 55, p. 179-216. in in in Core logging This summer, the Manitoba Geological Survey (MGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) examined 17 geotechnical cores from Manitoba Hydro's core repository in Gillam; the core suites came from three sites on the Nelson River: the Conawapa Axis B, Conawapa Axis DX and Gillam Island site. These sites and the locations of the geotechnical cores are shown in . The MGS also logged 14 drillhole core from petroleum wells, mineral exploration drillholes and stratigraphic test holes in the HBL. This information will be used to build a stratigraphic framework from which to base a 3D model of the HBL. Figure 2 Preliminary results from the core logging indicate a more complex stratigraphy than expected. Stratigraphic correlations are difficult because there is evidence of complex relationships, including facies changes and missing formations, and questions arise when outcrop descriptions (particularly type sections) do not match core descriptions for the same unit. Biostratigraphy is used to help decipher some stratigraphic issues. Stratigraphy Manitoba Hydro has developed an internal, informal stratigraphic nomenclature to describe the sedimentary units observed in the vicinity of their sites ( ). These units are not based on formational or member breaks, but rather on lithological and textural changes, since Manitoba Hydro's cores were drilled for geotechnical purposes. The correlation of the Manitoba Hydro cores to other cores in the HBL allowed formations to be assigned to the Manitoba Hydro units. Nicolas and Lavoie (2010) discusses the Manitoba Hydro stratigraphy in detail. is the Paleozoic stratigraphic column for the HBL in northeastern Manitoba. Index photographs from most of the formations are shown. shows index photos for the Ordovician MH units 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C-6, 7 and 8 from the Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B sites. MH units 1 is the Precambrian crystalline rock and can be seen in the index photos of Figure 3. Figure 3 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 6: Oil staining in the Severn River Formation in the Houston Oils et al. Comeault Prov. No. 1 core. (i) MH unit 2 (h) MH unit 3 (g) MH unit 4a (f) MH unit 4b (e) MH unit 5A (d) MH unit 5B (c) MH unit 5C-6 (b) MH unit 7 (a) MH unit 8 Figure 4: Photographs from Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B cores, showing the characteristic lithology and texture of Manitoba Hydro’s informal Ordovician units 2 to 8. (a) MH unit 8 from B293 drillhole core; (b) MH unit 7 from B027; (c) MH unit 5C-6 from B282; (d) MH unit 5B from B027; (e) MH unit 5A from B282 and 06-CD-44; (f) MH unit 4b from B020; (g) MH unit 4a from B020; (h) MH unit 3 from B014; (I) MH unit 2 from B229.
Transcript of Hydrocarbon systems evidence Hudson Bay Basin Paleozoic Stratigraphy · 2016-04-29 · A modern...
Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northeast
Manitoba
by M.P.B. Nicolas (MGS) and D. Lavoie (GSC-Quebec)
Manitoba Mines and Minerals Convention, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
November 18-20, 2010
MGS
ma
nit
ob
a
geologic
a
ls
ur
ve
y
1928
ORHR
Devonian Ordovician
LEGEND
SKRm
SKRl
SAT
SER
SSR
Kenogami River Fm (middle)
Kenogami River Fm (lower)
Attawapiskat Fm
Ekwan River Fm
Severn River Fm
Silurian
DMR
DK
DSTR
DKRu
Moose River Fm
Kwataboahegan Fm
Stooping River Fm
Kenogami River Fm (upper)
OCR
OBCR
Red Head Rapids Fm
Churchill River Gp
Bad Cache Rapids Gp
Stratigraphic test holeor mineral explorationborehole with availablecore in Winnipeg.
Kennco #2
0 50 100
kilometres
project area
88 51’ Wo96 01’ Wo
PRECAMBRIAN
OR
HR
Churchill
HudsonBay
Man
itoba
Ont
ario
55 00’ No
58 49’ No58 56’ No
55 04’ No
88 23’ Wo96 19’ Wo
DMRDK
DSTR
DKRu
SKRmS
KRlSAT
SER
SSR
OCR
OBCR
Gillam
Split Lake
Chu
rchi
ll River
Nelso
n River
Haye
s R
iver
Seal River
Whitebear Creek
Comeault No. 1
Kaskattama No. 1
Kennco No. 5
Kennco No. 2
Pennycutaway No. 1
ADD-5-1
ADD-9-1 ADD-16-1
ADD-6-1
M-1-2003M-2-3003M-3-2003
M-4-2003M-5-2003
Pennycutaway No. 2
Area shown in Figure 2
5025
kilometres
0GillamSplit Lake
Nelson River
Hayes R
iver
Hudson Bay
ConawapaAxis B
ConawapaAxis DX
GillamIsland
SKRm
SKRl
SAT
SER
SSR
OR
HR
OC
R
OBCR
PRECAMBRIAN
57 10’ No96 02’ Wo
57 10’ No91 21’ Wo
55 56’ No
91 21’ Wo96 02’ Wo55 56’ No
5A
5B5C-6
7
8
2
3
4a,b
?
Dalejan
Zlichovian
Ash
gill
ian
Ca
rad
ocia
n
Pragian
Couvinian
L
M
U
Ludlovian
Pridolian
Gedinnian
Siegenian
Eifelian
Emsian
Llandoverian
Wenlockian
upper
middle
lower
Portage ChuteFormation
Surprise CreekFormation
Caution CreekFormation
Chasm CreekFormation
Member 1
Member 2
Gamachian
Richmondian
Maysvillian
EdenianBad Cache
Rapids Group
ChurchillRiverGroup
Severn River Formation
Ekwan River Formation
Attawapiskat Formation
Kenogami RiverFormation
Stooping River Formation
Kwataboahegan Formation
Moose River Formation
Red Head Rapids Formation
Period
Seri
es
System/stage
Hudson Bay Lowlandsnortheastern Manitoba
Manitoba HydroConawapa units
(Axis B)
OR
DO
VIC
IAN
SIL
UR
IAN
DE
VO
NIA
N
Up
pe
rL
ow
er
Lo
wer
PRECAMBRIAN1B1A
Lochkovian
?
Hudson Bay Basin Paleozoic StratigraphyHydrocarbon systems evidence
Evidence for a hydrocarbon system, such as bituminous
residues and oil staining was found. In some of the Conawapa
cores, bituminous residues are present along open fractures, as
shown in . Oil staining in the Comeault core was also
found, and is shown in . These bituminous residues
and oil staining indicate that a hydrocarbon system was active
at a poorly constrained stage of basin evolution; however,
whether hydrocarbons were locally produced or have
undergone long-range migration from the centre of the basin
is uncertain. Bituminous residues were identified in Silurian
rocks from the Manitoba Hydro Gillam Island cores, as well
as in Ordovician rocks in MH units 2, 3, 4, and 5A from the
Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B cores, but seem most
common in MH unit 3 (Member 2 of the Portage Chute
Formation). The bituminous residue and oil stained samples
of the Conawapa cores and Comeault core will be analyzed by
Rock Eval™.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 5:Bituminousresidue alongan open verticalfracture in MHunit 3 ofManitoba HydroConawapa AxisB - C292 core.
Introduction
The Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project is in its second year.
It is part of the Geological Survey of Canada Geo-mapping for
Energy and Minerals (GEM) program, whose energy side aims
to study the hydrocarbon potential of these Phanerozoic
sedimentary basins. In Manitoba, the Hudson Bay Basin is
represented by the Paleozoic carbonate succession of the
Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) in the northeastern corner of the
province ( ). Project activities this year included core
logging, a core workshop and a field trip, together with various
laboratory analyses, including biostratigraphy and organic
geochemistry.
Figure 1
Figure 1: Hudson Bay Lowlands in northeastern Manitoba,showing the location of the cores available; inset is the project areafor the GEM Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project.
Figure 3: Stratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, with correlations to the ManitobaHydro units; Ordovician System/Stages from Zhang and Barnes (2007) and SilurianSystem/Stages from Norris (1993); photographs from most of the formations are shown.
Figure 2: Locations of the Manitoba Hydro Conawapa AxisB,Conawapa Axis DX and Gillam Island sites (rectangular boxes),and the cores examined this year (black circles); see Figure 1 forgeological legend.
Economic considerations
A good comprehension of the stratigraphy of the HBL and
how it correlates and changes across the basin is critical in
understanding the geological evolution and, in turn, the
economic potential of the Hudson Bay Basin. New
biostratgraphic data are being acquired and will help resolve
stratigraphic correlations, whereas organic geochemistry will
help characterize potential hydrocarbon source rocks.
A modern synthesis and solid understanding of the
architecture and nature of potential hydrocarbon systems of the
Hudson Bay and Foxe basins aims to promote hydrocarbon
exploration in this region. Manitoba's primary advantage is that
it manages the only deepwater port in northern waters at
Churchill. Exploration activities resulting in hydrocarbon
production, development and related infrastructure would
therefore provide a source for significant economic growth and
stimulus in northern Manitoba.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank G. Benger, V. Varga, R. Unruh
and the summer students from the Manitoba Geological
Survey (MGS) Rock Preparation and Core Storage Facility
for their help in locating available core and preparing it for
viewing. The authors also thank T. Middleton from Manitoba
Hydro for giving us full access to the Conawapa cores at the
Manitoba Hydro Kettle Core Warehouse in Gillam. We
acknowledge summer students D. Campbell (MGS) and K.
Mozdzen (Manitoba Hydro) for their assistance in preparing
the Conawapa core for viewing.The authors also thank G. Young for his patience and
assistance in helping us understand the subtleties of the HBL
stratigraphy, correlations and paleontological assemblages.
DevonianStooping River FormationSogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1
DevonianKenogami River Formation (upper)Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No. 1
SilurianKenogami River Formation (middle)Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1
SilurianKenogami River Formation (lower)Sogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1
SilurianAttawapiskat FormationSogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1
SilurianEkwan River FormationSogepet Aquit Kaskattama Prov. No.1
SilurianSevern River FormationManitoba Hydro Gillam Island - GI2
OrdovicianRed Head Rapids FormationHouston Oils et al. Comeault Prov. No. 1
OrdovicianChurchill River GroupMerland et al. Whitebear Creek Prov.
OrdovicianBad Cache Rapids Group, PortageChute Formation, Member 2Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B06-CD-44
OrdovicianBad Cache Rapids Group,Portage Chute Formation,Member 1Kennco No. 5
Precambrianweathered and unweathered graniteManitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis DXDx1000
References
Nicolas, M.P.B. and Lavoie, D. 2010: Hudson Bay and Foxe Basins Project:update on a Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program (GEM) initiative,northeastern Manitoba (part of NTS 54); Report of Activities 2010, ManitobaInnovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. - .
Norris, A. W. 1993: Hudson Platform - Geology; Chapter 8 SedimentaryCover of the Craton in Canada, D. F. Stott and J. D. Aitken (eds.), GeologicalSurvey of Canada, (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of NorthAmerica, v. D-1).
Zhang, S. and Barnes, C. R. 2007: Late Ordovician-Early Silurian conodontbiostratigraphy and thermal maturity, Hudson Bay Basin, Bulletin of CanadianPetroleum Geology, v. 55, p. 179-216.
in
in in
Core logging
This summer, the Manitoba Geological Survey (MGS)
and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) examined 17
geotechnical cores from Manitoba Hydro's core repository in
Gillam; the core suites came from three sites on the Nelson
River: the Conawapa Axis B, Conawapa Axis DX and Gillam
Island site. These sites and the locations of the geotechnical
cores are shown in . The MGS also logged 14
drillhole core from petroleum wells, mineral exploration
drillholes and stratigraphic test holes in the HBL. This
information will be used to build a stratigraphic framework
from which to base a 3D model of the HBL.
Figure 2
Preliminary results from the core logging indicate a more
complex stratigraphy than expected. Stratigraphic correlations
are difficult because there is evidence of complex relationships,
including facies changes and missing formations, and questions
arise when outcrop descriptions (particularly type sections) do
not match core descriptions for the same unit. Biostratigraphy is
used to help decipher some stratigraphic issues.
Stratigraphy
Manitoba Hydro has developed an internal, informal
stratigraphic nomenclature to describe the sedimentary units
observed in the vicinity of their sites ( ). These units are
not based on formational or member breaks, but rather on
lithological and textural changes, since Manitoba Hydro's cores
were drilled for geotechnical purposes. The correlation of the
Manitoba Hydro cores to other cores in the HBL allowed
formations to be assigned to the Manitoba Hydro units. Nicolas
and Lavoie (2010) discusses the Manitoba Hydro stratigraphy in
detail.is the Paleozoic stratigraphic column for the HBL
in northeastern Manitoba. Index photographs from most of the
formations are shown. shows index photos for the
Ordovician MH units 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C-6, 7 and 8 from the
Manitoba Hydro Conawapa Axis B sites. MH units 1 is the
Precambrian crystalline rock and can be seen in the index photos
of Figure 3.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 6: Oilstaining in theSevern RiverFormation in theHouston Oils etal. ComeaultProv. No. 1 core.
(i) MH unit 2(h) MH unit 3(g) MH unit 4a(f) MH unit 4b(e) MH unit 5A
(d) MH unit 5B(c) MH unit 5C-6(b) MH unit 7(a) MH unit 8Figure 4: Photographs fromManitoba Hydro Conawapa AxisB cores, showing thecharacteristic lithology and textureof Manitoba Hydro’s informalOrdovician units 2 to 8. (a) MHunit 8 from B293 drillhole core; (b)MH unit 7 from B027; (c) MH unit5C-6 from B282; (d) MH unit 5Bfrom B027; (e) MH unit 5A fromB282 and 06-CD-44; (f) MH unit4b from B020; (g) MH unit 4afrom B020; (h) MH unit 3 fromB014; (I) MH unit 2 from B229.
