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Powerbase membranes

Hydrocarbon and gas

protection

© Industrial Textiles & Plastics Ltd 1

PURAFLEX®

HYDROCARBONS a blanket term for many pollutants


Aliphatic HydrocarbonsCyclohexaneDiesel FuelHexaneJet FuelPetrol / GasolineWhite Mineral Oil

Aromatic Hydrocarbons1.1-Biphenyl Anthracene (PAH)Acenaphthene (PAH)Benzene (BTEX)Benzo(a)anthracene (PAH)Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH)Benzo(b)fluoroanthene (PAH)Benzo(ghi)perylene (PAH)Benzo(k)fluoroanthene (PAH)Chrysene (PAH) Dibenzo(ah)anthracene (PAH)Ethylbenzene (BTEX)Fluoranthene (PAH)Fluorene (PAH)Idendo(1.2.3-cd)pyrene (PAH)Isopropyl BenzineNaphthalene (PAH)Pyrene (PAH)Toluene (BTEX)Xylene (BTEX)

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

1.1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane

1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane

1.1.1-Trichloroethane

1.2-Dibromoethane

1.2-Dichloroethane

1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene

Carbon Tetrachloride

Chlorobenzene (VOC)

Chlorotoluene

Chloroform

Dioxins and Furans

Hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene

Pentachlorobenzene

Pentachlorophenol

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Tetrachlorobenzene

Tetrachloroethylene

Trichloroethene (VOC)

Vinyl Chloride (VOC)

Metals

Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium,

Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury,

Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc

Organics

Methyl-tert-butyl-ether

Phenol

Inorganics

Carbon Disulphide

Cyanides

Pesticides

Dieldrin

DDT

HCH

Gases

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Radon

PURAFLEX®

CURRENT GEOMEMBRANE MATERIALS


Is my material suited to the task of hydrocarbon barrier?

• PVC polyvinyl chloride

• Butyl Rubber polyisobutylene / PIB

• EDPM ethylene propylene diene monomer

• CSPE chlorosulphonated polyethylene [Hypalon® ]

• CR polychloroprene [NeopreneTM ]

• PP polypropylene

• LDPE low density polyethylene

• HDPE high density polyethylene [ Visqueen GX®]

• EIA ethylene interpolymer alloy2 [ Coolgard®, XR-5®, UltraTech® ]

PURAFLEX®

PERMEATION


• What is Permeation6?

Permeation rates determine membrane performance

2

1 3

1. “Sorption” 2. “Diffusion” 3. “Desorption”

PURAFLEX®

PERMEATION


• Factors affecting permeability through polymers9.• Molecular Weight

• MW Distribution

• Crystallinity

• Thickness

• Properties of permeate

(polarity, size and shape)

Polarity has a significant influence on permeability

PURAFLEX®

POLARITY


• Polarity is an intrinsic property of a molecule and

governs the miscibility of 2 components10

• Simplistically a molecule can be polar or non polar

and “like prefers like”

Like is Soluble in Like

Oil

Water

Oil Droplets

Oil

WaterAgitate Wait

PURAFLEX®

APPLICATION OF POLARITY


• Consider HDPE Both HDPE & all classic Hydrocarbons are Non-Polar

“Like prefers like”

Rationalizes permeation rates of different materials

Homogenous membranes will display a narrow spectrum of resistance

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX TECHNOLOGY


• Co-extruded composite barrier

> 5 polymers and >5 layers

> 5 different properties to provide broad spectrum

protection

Proven and effective barrier technology11

PURAFLEX®

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE – DURABILITY TESTS


• Accelerated Immersion Testing• EN 144144

• EN 144155

• ASTM D5322 & D5747

• Sample submersed

for 56 days at 50°C

• Pass criteria?• Sample retains >75% of residual tensile strength

Immersion tests provide a measure of durability but not performance!

PURAFLEX®

PERMEATION TESTING METHODS


• ISO 15105-28

• Determination of permeation rate by mass spectrometry

• Modern and highly sensitive

ISO 15105-2 data is the most appropriate measure of performance

PURAFLEX®

CLAIMS – BEWARE OF SOME LITERATURE..


“Resistant to methane so it is

hydrocarbon resistant”

EN14414 & 14415

Immersion tests for membrane

residual strength.

Only need to show >75%

residual strength, no

permeation data

“ This membrane is fully

hydrocarbon resistant”

Develop understanding to evaluate the claims

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX PERMEATION MODELLER


• Calculations14

Hansen Solubility

Parameters

Diffusion Coefficients

Arrhenius Assumption

Molar Volume

Diffusion factor

Water:Membrane

Partion Coefficients

Vapour Phase Calculations

NOW UPDATED WITH WEB-BASED APP.

Can assess the impact of environmental factors and predict permeation rates of 100s of challenges.

PURAFLEX®

PERMEATION MODELLER COMPARISON


Can assess the impact of environmental factors and predict permeation rates of 100s of challenges.

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX VS HOMOGENOUS MEMBRANE


• Puraflex (0.45mm) vs HDPE (0.45mm)

Is HDPE fit for purpose?

PURAFLEX®

WIDER LITERATURE


• UK leader in Polythene materials

• “blend of ethylene co-polymers”

*Tested to ISO 6179*

Performance worse than HDPE?

Challenge Perm

(g/m2/h)

Per annum

(kg)

Litres

Petrol 8.6 74 104

Xylene 14.6 126 146

Toluene 23.0 199 228

PURAFLEX®

SUITABLILITY AS HYDROCARBON BARRIER


Only Puraflex technology fit for purpose in this scenario

• Put this into some context

• HSE workplace exposure limit

• E.g. Toluene = 384mg per cubic meter over 15min

"Blend" HDPE Puraflex

Series1 23 6,3 0,16

0

5

10

15

20

25

Perm

. R

ate

g/m

2/h

Toluene Permeation Comparison

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX INSTALLATION


• Conventional installation

equipment

• Rapid 4m per minute welding

• Largely negates the need for butyl

tape

Importance of quality installation & verification

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX SYSTEM


• Puraflex Barrier

• Puraflex Tank

• Puraflex DPC

• Puraflex Wall Primer

• Puraflex Top-Hat

• Puraflex Seam Tape

Comprehensive system for all design solutions

PURAFLEX®

PURAFLEX CASE STUDIES


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