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Transcript of HYDRO-Power-Plant-Presentation by us.ppt
HYDRO POWER PLANT PRESENTATION UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Respected Madam : VANDANA PANDEY
Respected Sir : SMIT NIMBARTE
JAWAHAR EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
A.C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210
NAME ROLL NO
1. GAWADE ABHISHEK 133324
2. KHAN RASHID 133335
3. MOMAYA ANANT 133345
4. VIVEK PHALE 133355
5. KEKAN SANJAY 133372
6. MANIAR YASH 133374
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
THE OBJECTIVE OF A HYDROPOWER SCHEME IS TO CONVERT
THE
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MASS OF WATER, FLOWING IN A
STREAM WITH A
CERTAIN FALL TO THE TURBINE (TERMED THE "HEAD"),
INTO ELECTRIC
ENERGY AT THE LOWER END OF THE SCHEME, WHERE THE
POWERHOUSE
IS LOCATED. THE POWER OUTPUT FROM THE SCHEME IS
PROPORTIONAL
TO THE FLOW AND TO THE HEAD.
WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
HYDROLOGY
• MeteorologyStudy of the atmosphere including weather and
climate.
• Surface water hydrologyFlow and occurrence of
water on the surface
of the earth.
• HydrogeologyFlow and occurrence
of ground water
HYDROLOGY & HYDROGRAPHS
Hydrology may be defined as the science which deals with the
depletion and replenishment of water resources. It deals with surface
water as well as ground water. It is also concerned with
transportation of water from one place to another.
There are many types of hydrographs. Hydrograph is defined as a
graph showing discharge of flowing water with respect to time for a
specified time.
HYDROGRAPHS SHOWS
•Graph of stream flow vs. time
•Obtained by means of a continuous recorder which indicates stage
vs. time (stage hydrograph)
•Transformed to a discharge hydrograph by application of a rating
curve.
•Typically are complex multiple peak curves Available on the web.
HYDROGRAPH NOMENCLATUREstorm of Duration D
Precipitation
P
Discharge
Q baseflow
peak flow
new baseflow
tp
w/o rainfall
tl
EXPLANATION
If we measure the rainfall and put it on a time graph and link that
to the amount of water in the river, we have some really useful
information!
This graph is hydrograph. It plots rainfall against discharge (that
is the amount of water in the river as it passes a particular point
measured in cubic metres per seconds or cumecs).
Changes measured over time is river regime - eg. in winter there
is more rain, less evaporation, less vegetation to absorb it.
WE CAN READ THE FOLLOWING FROM THE HYDROGRAPH
Rate of flow at any instant during the duration period.
Total volume of flow upto that instant as the area
under hydrograph denotes the volume of water in that
duration.
The mean annual run-off.
The minimum and maximum run-off for the year
FLOW DURATION CURVE
Flow duration curve is a useful form to represent the run-off data
for the given time. This curve is plotted between flow available
during a period versus the fraction of time.
The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of hydrograph from
the available run-off data and is necessary to find out the time
duration for which flows available
DAM TURBINE
POWER HOUSE
INTAKE
GENERATOR
PENSTOCKRESEVOIR
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER
ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER
FIRST ELEMENT :-
DAMSDam
THE MOVEMENT OF WATER CAN BE USED TO MAKE
ELECTRICITY.
ENERGY FROM WATER IS CREATED BY THE FORCE OF
WATER MOVING FROM A HIGHER ELEVATION TO A LOWER
ELEVATION THROUGH A LARGE PIPE (PENSTOCK). WHEN
THE WATER REACHES THE END OF THE PIPE, IT HITS AND
SPINS A WATER WHEEL OR TURBINE. THE TURBINE ROTATES
THE CONNECTED SHAFT, WHICH THEN TURNS THE
GENERATOR, MAKING ELECTRICITY.
SURGE TANK
Its function is to prevent sudden increase of pressure in the
supply line or in the penstock. It is placed as near as
possible to the turbine.
Water hammer
Due to the variation in the demand of water supply
according to load, the turbine gates get closed suddenly
which cause increase in pressure. This is known as water
hammer.
. A dam failure can have sever effects downstream
of the dam.During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods thatcan exceed normal flow conditions in the river.
For this reason,carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure.
These passages are known as spillways
What are Spill ways?
2ND ELEMENT:-
INTAKE
A WATER INTAKE MUST BE ABLE TO DIVERT THE
REQUIRED AMOUNT OF
WATER IN TO A POWER CANAL OR INTO A PENSTOCK
WITHOUT PRODUCING
A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.
INTAKE
3rd ELEMENT:-PENSTOCK
“CONVEYING WATER FROM THE INTAKE TO THE POWER HOUSE”.
THE WATER IN THE RESERVOIR IS CONSIDERED STORED ENERGY
WHEN THE GATE OPENS THE WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE
PENSTOCK BECOMES KINETIC ENERGY BECAUSE IT IS IN MOTION.
PENSTOCK
4TH ELEMENT TURBINES
The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with curved blades.
AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE TURBINE THE WATER
RETURNS TO THE RIVER TROUGH A
SHORT CANAL CALLED A TAILRACE.
Tailraces
5TH ELEMENTGENERATOR
AS THE TURBINE BLADES TURN, SO DO A SERIES OF MAGNETS INSIDE
THE GENERATOR. GIANT MAGNETS ROTATE PAST COPPER COILS,
PRODUCING ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) BY MOVING ELECTRONS.
The heart of the hydroelectric power plant is the generator.
The basic process of generating electricity in this manner is to
rotate a series of magnets inside coils of wire. This process
moves electrons, which produces electrical current.
Inside the Generator:-
1. Shaft
2. Excitor
3. Rotor
4. Stator
Each generator is made of certain basic parts:
AS THE TURBINE TURNS, THE EXCITOR SENDS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
TO THE ROTOR. THE ROTOR IS A SERIES OF LARGE ELECTROMAGNETS
THAT SPINS INSIDE A TIGHTLY-WOUND COIL OF COPPER WIRE, CALLED
THE STATOR. THE MAGNETIC FIELD BETWEEN THE COIL AND THE
MAGNETS CREATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.
6TH ELEMENT:-
TRANSFORMERS
A TRANSFORMER IS A DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM ONE CIRCUIT TO ANOTHER THROUGH A SHARED MAGNETIC FIELD. A CHANGING CURRENT IP IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT (THE PRIMARY) CREATES A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD; IN TURN, THIS MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCES A VOLTAGE VS IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT (THE SECONDARY). THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT MIMICS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT, BUT IT NEED NOT CARRY THE SAME CURRENT AND VOLTAGE AS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT. INSTEAD, AN IDEAL TRANSFORMER KEEPS THE PRODUCT OF THE CURRENT AND THE VOLTAGE THE SAME IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUITS.
7TH ELEMENT OUTFLOW
USED WATER IS CARRIED THROUGH PIPELINES, CALLED TAILRACES, AND RE-ENTERS THE RIVER DOWNSTREAM.
8TH ELEMENTPOWER HOUSE
POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS
IN THE SCHEME OF HYDROPOWER THE ROLE OF POWER HOUSE IS TO PROTECT THE ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT THAT CONVERT THEPOTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER INTO ELECTRICITY.
FOLLOWING ARE THE EQUIPMENTS OF POWER PLANT:
1.VALVE 5.CONDENSOR 2.TURBINE 6.PROTECTION SYSTEM3.GENERATOR 7.DC EMERGENCY SUPPLY4.CONTROL SYSTEM 8.POWER AND CURRENT TRANSFORMER
TRASH RACK
Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack
cleaning machine, which removes material from water in
order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging electromechanical equipment
A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-
Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.
Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the United States.The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to produce electricity.
But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.
THANK YOU