Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic TurbinesStudentsVincent DuplantierFlorian FeytHoai Dang Leu

TeachersJacques BernardMary Ann Flannery

1PlanPresentation of Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic turbines overviewHydroelectric plant installationThree types of Hydraulic Turbines

Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines

Conclusion

2Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines3Hydraulic Turbines overviewHydraulic turbines : liquid turns blades to produce rotation

Potential/Kinetic power -> Mechanical Power -> Electric power

HydroelectricityAdvantages : Clean and RenewableDisadvantages : damage of ecosystem, loss of land

4Hydraulic Turbines overviewComponents of a Turbine :Runner : rotational part (Shaft + blades)Diffuser (at output) : channel-shaped increasing in sizeDistributor : optional component at the input that controls the angle of attack

5Hydraulic Plant installationFlow: small head, high velocity (river)Flow: great head (in reservoir)

6The Pelton turbine

7Action turbineNo diffuserHigh operating headThe wheel is not submerged

The number of opened nozzle changes the power8

The Francis turbine9

Reaction turbineChange of the flow pressureOperating head between 20 and 500 metersTwo main components: upstream guide vanne and runner10

The Kaplan turbineEvolution of the Francis turbine

The guidvanes and runner adapted to the waterflow

High efficiency for a wide range of water flow

Can be used as a pump for Storage pumping

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Turbines runners

13Choice method of hydraulic turbines14Magnet2 polesMagnetic field+ winding = electric current

AlternatorProduces alternating electric powerQualified by the number of magnetic poles15Choice method of hydraulic turbines

Electric NetworkStable characteristicsFrequency : 50 Hz

Alternator FrequencySpeed of the rotorNumber of poles16Choice method of hydraulic turbines

AlternatorFor a same electric frequency (50 Hz) :Low speed many polesHigh speed less poles

Many poles = expensive

17Choice method of hydraulic turbines

40 pairs 75 rpm

4 pairs 750 rpmCharacteristics of water flow and turbine

Power of the turbine:

Angular velocity:

18Choice method of hydraulic turbines

NComparison of the specific speed with widely built turbines

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Choice method of hydraulic turbinesConclusion20One of the first sources of electricity High technological level and mastery Great efficiency

The main source of renewable energy

High percentage of total electricity production is hydroelectricity in some countries

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Norway 98%Brazil 86 %Canada 61 %Conclusion