2015-Sensitivity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Southern Hybridization (1)
Hybridization Techniques. History/Background ‘Southern’ hybridization named after Sir Edwin...
-
Upload
grant-noel-higgins -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of Hybridization Techniques. History/Background ‘Southern’ hybridization named after Sir Edwin...
History/Background
• ‘Southern’ hybridization named after Sir Edwin Southern
• Developed in 1975
• One of the most highly cited scientific publications
• Earned Sir Southern a Lasker Award in 2005
• Spawned naming of related techniques:
Southern blot(DNA)
Northern blot(RNA)
Western blot(Protein)
Eastern blot(???)
Goals of Southern Hybridization
• Immobilize DNA onto a permanent substrate
• Identify DNA sequence (gene) of interest
Goals of Southern Hybridization
Immobilize DNA onto a permanent substrate
• ‘Membrane’– paper-like matrix– nylon or nitrocellulose– usually has a slight positive charge
T G A A TC
A C AT T G
Step 3. DNA Denaturation
• Eliminate hydrogen bonds with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Step 4. Transfer DNA to Membrane• Two methods for transferring DNA to a
membrane– capillary– Electrophoretic
(www.pnas.org/content/76/9/4350.full.pdf)
Goals of Southern Hybridization
• Immobilize DNA onto a permanent substrate
• Identify DNA sequence (gene) of interest
Step 5. Making a Probe
• A probe is a small (25-2000 bp) length of DNA or RNA– Complementary to the sequence (gene) of
interest– Labeled for subsequent detection
procedures
Step 6. Pre-hybridization
Prehybridization bufferscontain ‘blocking reagents’that occupy available binding sites on the membrane
Step 11. CSPDDisodium 3-(4-methoxyspiro {1,2-dioxetane-3,2´-(5'-chloro)tricyclo
[3.3.1.13,7]decan}-4-yl)phenyl phosphate
Step 12. Detection
• DIG-labeled probes emitting minute amounts of light (chemiluminescence)
• 32P-labeled probes emitting β-particles
Step 12. Detection
• DIG-labeled probes emitting minute amounts of light (chemiluminescence)
• 32P-labeled probes emitting ß-particles
• Autoradiography film can detect this radiation