Hybrid Energy Storage for Stand-alone PV Microgrid: Optimization of Battery Lifespan through Dynamic...
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Transcript of Hybrid Energy Storage for Stand-alone PV Microgrid: Optimization of Battery Lifespan through Dynamic...
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
Hybrid Energy Storage for Stand-alone PV
Microgrid: Optimization of Battery Lifespan
through Dynamic Power Allocation
Wenlong JING
Faculty of Engineering, Computing & Science
Swinburne University of Technology
(Sarawak Campus)
1
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN STAND-ALONE MICROGRID
•Stochastic and intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.
•Highly dynamic load profile due to low capacity.
Microgrid
Energy Storage Systems • Chemical Battery, supercap, flywheel, pumped
hydro, CAES etc..
• Absorb surplus energy / Supply when deficit
• Regulate line voltage and frequency
• Maintain power quality
PV (DC)
Wind Turbine (AC)
Loads (AC + DC)
Energy Storage (DC)
2
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
3
STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM TOPOLOGIES
PV System with Battery Alone
• Passive Connection (a)
• Add MPPT (b)
• Active Connection (c)
PV System with Hybrid Storage
• Passive Connection (d)
• Semi-Passive Connection
• Active Connection (e)
(d)
(e)
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
• High energy density + High power density
• Fast Response + Slow Response
[1] BoM, Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government. Available [Online]
at: http://reg.bom.gov.au/.
HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE
4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hours of the Day
Po
we
r (k
W)
Time Series Plot:
(a) PV Output
(b) Load Profile
(a)
(b)
Typcial 24-hours
(a) PV Output Power and (b) Rural Residential Load Profile
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
5
HESS POWER ALLOCATION
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Time (s)
Po
we
r
Load Profile
Pmax
P2
P1
Pmin
• Load Profile is divided into parts
• Battery Bank can contain varies type battery
• Reduce the battery DoD and Improve Life Span
Nickel-Iron battery life cycle
– source Wikipedia
Source: http://www.charlesapple.com/2012/04/a-terrific-titanic-
anniversary-graphic-from-south-africa/
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
6
EXAMPLE PV SYSTEM WITH HESS
• Contains 2 battery modules
• The 1st level battery = first critical load
• The 2nd level battery = second critical load
• Reduce the battery DoD and still satisfy the load demands
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
7
POWER ALLOCATION STRATEGY
Psc = PHES
Pba1 =0Pba2 =0
Psc = PHES - P1
Pba1 =P1
Pba2 =0
Psc = PHES - P2
Pba1 =P1
Pba2 = P2 –P1
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Psc = PSCmax
Pba1 =P1
Pba2 = P2 –P1
=
=
No
No
NoYes
Psc =PHES-DPba1 =0.5DPba2 =0.5D
Charging Discharging
PHES < 0
PHES <P1
P1<PHES <P2
P2<PHES <Pmax
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hours of the Day
Po
we
r (k
W)
Time Series Plot:
(a) PV Output
(b) Load Profile(a)
(b)
P1
PMAXD
P2
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
8
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND RESULTS
• PV = 6 kW, SC = 500F, Battery = 50 Ah (Limiter for Physical Limitation Simulation)
• All Buck/Boost Converters
• Multi-Level Battery Structure
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
9
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND RESULTS
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hours of the Day
Po
we
r (k
W)
(a) Overall Output
(b) SC Output
(c) PV Output
(d) 1st Battery
(e) 2nd Battery
(f) Load Profile(c)
(b)
(d)
(f)
(a)
(e)
The matching rate f of the load profile and system overall output is calculated via Matlab:
f = PL / (PPV +PHES) * 100% = 99.98%
• SC feeds the high frequency power component (release and absorb power)
• Battery bank C/D under a certain power and thus dynamic oscillation is reduced
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
10
HESS POWER DYNAMIC ALLOCATION • Battery Bank contains varies type battery
• Reconfigurable HESS Bank Architecture => Modularity => Manage Power as Water
• Improve the passive characteristic without using Power Electronic Converters
HESS
IEEE APPEEC 2015, Brisbane 15th – 18th November 2015
11
Thank You!
BENEFIT THE FUTURE AND TODAY