Hybrid and electric_vehicles
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Transcript of Hybrid and electric_vehicles
Content
Why fuel efficiency is important
What are hybrid and electric vehicles
Environmental impacts and public concerns
How hybrid and electric vehicles work and how are
they fuel efficient
Advantages
Technological challenges
Next generation of green vehicles
Q&A
2
WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR?• Any vehicle that uses two or more types of
fuels is called an HYBRID CAR
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CAR?• An electric car is an automobile that is
propelled by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device
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How hybrids work and save fuel
1. IC Engine is turned off at:
• Stops
• Lower speed (say less that 15 km/h)
• When vehicle is stopping or going downhill, Regenerative braking is applied
2. At very high or low engine speeds, the electric motor assists the engine
3. Engine is driven to its optimum operating zone
4. Engine can be made smaller, due to electric motor assistance
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Hybrid and Electric cars
Have comparable speed and power
Have 80% efficiency and lower emission
No IC engine, no transmission, no engine oil, no gearbox fluid
Lower maintenance & price
Simple and mature tech
Low noise 7
Technological challenges and issues
Needs heavy duty power plug terminal everywhere
Electric energy infrastructure must be expanded
Travels short distance, inner city
Battery charging takes time
Limited battery life
Safety issues
Expensive to repair8
Technological challenges and issues
Batteries are heavy (100kg extra weight consumes
2L/100km more)
Low performance in hot or cold temperature
Very sensitive to overcharge/undercharge
Contain toxic heavy metals, disposal issue
Opportunity for researchers:
Advance research projects on batteries are supported by
governments and industries9
Next generation of green vehicles
10
• Plug in hybrids with Lithium Ion Batteries and Ultra Capacitors• Hybrid Buses• Hybrid trucks with compressed gas energy storage systems• Hybrid trains• EVs everywhere