HWWE2005

Humanizing Work and Work Environment

Proceedings of the international Ergonomics Conference

December 10-12,2005

Edited by

Debkumar Chakrabarti

and

Abhijit Das

r%f

Department of DesignIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Guwahati-781 039, Assam, India

TECHNISCHEINFORMAT IOM 5 S i 61. Hjr\:

UNIVERSITATS8!BL;OTM'

HANNOVER

ALLIED PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED

NEW DELHI • MUMBAI • KOLKATA • CHENNAI • NAGPUR

AHMEDABAD • BANGALORE • HYDERABAD • LUCKNOW

CONTENTS

Preface

Conference Addresses

1. HWWE 2005 Inaugural AddressW. Selvamurthy

2. IEA Presidential Address

Pierre Falzon

Plenary Lectures

3. HWWE 2005 Presidential Address

P.K. Nag

4. Technological Advances and Ergonomics in Indian Office Environment

G.G. Ray

Keynote Addresses

5. Design Paradigm: A New Approach in Ergonomics StudyAmit Ray

6. Do Industrial Back Belts Reduce Back Injury Risk in Manual Material Handling

Arijit K. Sengupta and Ryan J. Brown

7. Effect of Spatial Factors on Isokinetic Push, Pull, Push-Up and Pull-Down

StrengthsBiman Das and Pornsiri Jongkol

8. Bending the Knees-+More than just Biomechanical Reasons in LiftingGarry T. Allison

9. Facilitation of Practical Workplace Improvements through ParticipatoryAction-Oriented TrainingKazutaka Kogi

10 Design and Human Factors in Recreational DivingNoemi Bitterman

11. A Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures for Prevention of Work-Related

Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDS)Wendy Macdonald

12. Ergonomical Intervention for Safety Management Systems in Steel Industries

D. Mahata

13. International Development of Ergonomics—AnIEA PerspectiveDavid C. Caple

14. Application of Ergonomics in Indian Industry—AScenerio Today 65

RC. Ghosh

15. Development of an Interdisciplinary Curriculum: Instructional Examples from 69

Usability Engineering and HCI Courses at IITG

Pradeep Yammiyavar

16. International Ergonomics Standards—A Status 79

Amitabha De

17. Upper Extremities and Low Back Pain Studies 86

Arun Garg

18. Can We Measure Localized Muscle Fatigue? 97

Shrawan Kumar

19. Human Performance Evaluation Methodology 103

Asis Goswami

20. Discovering SkeletaiJoe Median 112

Justin Magee, Brian MC Cleiland and John Winder

Session I

21. Bus Priority Traffic Signal Coordination for Sustainable Transport—An Analytical 121

ApproachAbhimanyu Godara and Joseph Fazio

22. Work Posture and Health: AStudy on Sri J.N.P.G. College Teachers, Lucknow 125

City, (U.P.)Alok Chantia

23. Discrimination and Violence Against Women 129

Sunil Saini and Sangeeta Trama

24. Design: AMode of Visual Language in Mughal Architecture 135

Meghali Goswami Nandi, Ha Gupta and P. Jha

25. An Approach to Specify Informal Sitting in Classroom 144

Sharmistha Banerjee, Kirti Meera Goel, Debkumar Chakrabarti andAbhijit Das

26. Designing a Vestibulator for Cerebral Palsy Children 149

S.A. Hosseini and G. G. Ray

27. Design of a Visual Choice Reaction Timer for Human Visual Response Detection 155

Suvankar Saha, N.K. Rana and GG. Ray

28. Visual-Field Superiority as a Function of Stimulus Type and Content with Respect 160

to Feedback of KnowledgeAnamitra Basu and Sonia Munjal

29. An Acoustical Enclosure for Noise Control of a Domestic Mixer Grinder 168

Yogesh Kumar Baghel and Dibakar Sen

30. Economically Favorable Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) 174

in Government Hospitals of West Bengal: A Case StudyDevesh Mishra, Malancha Gupta, Sadhan Kumar De and Debasis Mullick

31. Ergonomic Considerations in Process Modification of a Continuous Mixer for 180

No-Bake Sand Mould Preparation for Metal Casting FoundryR.R. Kundu, R. Majumder, S.K. Sanyal, J. Saha, B.N. Lahiri and B.K. Basak

viii

32. Mapping of Glare Affected Region (GAR) on an Eyewear for Selective Glare 186

Protection in Night DrivingAshish Gupta and Dibakar Sen

33. Stressed Speech Analysis for Ergonomic Design 195

G. Senthil Raja and S. Dandapat

Session II

34. Parameters for Economically Fit Sewing Machine Work Station using Worker's 205

PerceptionsBalraj Singh, Chandandeep Singh and Kuideep Sareen

35. Absence of Ergonomics in a Hand-Cart 212

Ameya S. Khandekar

36. Haddon Matrix Approach for FaultAnalysis and CybemeticApproach to Identify 217

the Potential Variables for Operational Control: A Case Study

Atmadeep Mazumdar, K.N. Sen and B.N. Lahiri

37. Experimental Determination of Thumb Workspace 223

Amit Kumar Singh and Dibakar Sen

38. Measurement of Operator's Workplace and Control Locations of Some 229

Indian Tractors

Ashish Kumar Shrivastava, Atul Kumar Shrivastava,

C.R. Mehta and M.M. Pandey

39. Public Health Risks Associated with Ready-to-Eat Foods 235

Reefa Dwivedi, Sangeeta Tripathi and Mini Sheth

40. Effect of Environmental Stressors (Noise & Illumination) on Operators 240

Performing Manual Machining OperationsM. Muzammil, Fauzia Siddiqui and Faisal Hasan

41. Development of a Common Seat Mounting Device for Different Makes of 245

Tractor Seats and their Comparative StudyK.K. Jain, C.R. Mehta, A.K. Shrivastava and S. Pharade

42. Enabling Environments for the Mobility Impaired in Rural Areas 252

Gaurav Raheja, S.Y. Kulkarni and S.C. Handa

43. A Study on Workstation Design related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the 257

Goldsmiths in West Bengal, India

Tirthankar Ghosh and Somnath Gangopadhyay

44. Scope and Benefits of Dynamic Visual Interface on the Development of Web 263

Based Applications

Mayank Tiwari

45. Informational Ergonomics in Product Design: An Information Integrity 268

View

M.S. Mali, S.P. Kallurkar and V.V. Mandke

46. Modulating Play Environment to Induce Social Play for Children with 275

Autism

Divya Gupta, A. Bosnjak, R.M. Punekar and Shabina Ahmed

ix

Session III

47. A Critical Evaluation of the Probable Causes of Musculoskeletal Disorders 283

Prevalent among the Manual Material Handling Workers ofA Construction IndustryTamal Das and Somnath Gangopadhyay

48. Analysis of Causes Behind Iron Foundry Accidents in West Bengal, India 288

Goutam Ghoshal and Somnath Gangopadhyay

49. Ergonomic Study of Bus Conductor 293

Raja Kumar Kanajam

50. Comparative Study of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among the Child Labour in 297

West Bengal, India

•Banibrata Das and Somnath Gangopadhyay

51. Mothers—The Committed and Unpaid Workers as Facilitators for Improving 305

Problem Solving Skills in Children

K. Madhavi Latha and C. Beena

52. Aerobic Capacity of Young Indian Adult Male 311

S. Ghosh, V. Sudharani, U. Dhar, C. Savanur, R. Salve and Amitabha De

53. Applicability of Borg's RPE Scale to Indian Adult Males 316

V. Sudharani, S. Ghosh, U. Dhar, C. Savanur and Amitabha De

54. A Study to Identify the Nature of Fatigue Among the Workers of Jewellery 322

Industries; Traditional Manufacturing Sector and Modern Manufacturing Sector

U. Dhar, C. Savanur, S. Ghosh, S. Want, R. Salve and Amitabha De

55. A Comparative Study of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Coal Mine Workers, 327

Cold Storage Workers and Office Workers

Sumanta Banerjee, Soudeep Kr. Sau, Annu Verghase,A.K. Ghosh and Prakash Dhara

56. Work Related Stress of Brick Making Workers 334

Soudeep Kr. Sau, Sumanta Banerjee and Prakash Ch. Dhara

57. Physiological Cost of Activities Performed by Women Farmer in Organic Farming 341

Kanak Chauhan, Veena Gandotera and Promila Sherma

58. Physiological and AHPAssessment of Improved Working Conditions of Certain 348

Occupation Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders

Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay, Padam Das and P.K. Saxena

Session IV

59. To Study the Hazardous Manual Lifting Task through the Revised NIOSH Lifting 363

Equation 1991

,V.S. Dhyani and P. Sharma

60. Human Factors Issues in Selected Activity in Beauty Parlors 369

S. Paulomi Dalai and Manjari Acharya

61. Determination of Optimum Work Surface Heights for Kitchen Based on 371

Ergonomic PrinciplesNidhi Chaudhary and Deepa Vinay

x

62. Ergonomic Assessment of Bar Cutting Process in Construction 376

G. Swami Prasad and Venkatesh Balasubramanian

63. An EMG Based Ergonomic Evaluation of Chairs for Computer Related Works 381

K. Adalarasu and Venkatesh Balasubramanian

64. Ergonomic Assessment of Computer Workplace in ITES Establishment and 387

Educational Institution

S.K.M. Varadhan, G. Swami Prasad, 7.7. Narendran and

Venkatesh Balasubramanian

65. An EMG Based Muscle Fatigue Analysis of Computer Game Players 392

J. Srinivasan and Venkatesh Balasubramanian

66. The Importance of Correct Pencil Grip for Children of Age Group between 398

2-3 Years

Riddhi Jaydeo Chokhawala andAmit Ray

67. Occupational Burnout and Related Factors among Health Care Workers (HCWS) 403

Working In HospitalsSmriti Krishna and Veena Gandotra

68. Till the Last Drop: Ergonomic Issues of Handling Liquid Pouches for Domestic 409

Usage

Anindya Kastha and Amit Ray

69. Application of System Usability Scale (SUS) for Evaluation of Classroom Chairs 414

with Writing Tablets

C. Savanur, U. Dhar, S. Wani, R. Salve, C. Jadhav

A. Bhagavatula andAmitabha De

70. Redesign of Free Force Sensor Pinching Unit: GRASP 422

Aakash Kumar, Ruchin Chaudhary, Niels Smaby,Mary Elise Johanson, Eric Topp and Wendy Murray

71. HCI For Children-An Ergonomic Approach 427

Shibika Chaudhary and Amit Ray

72. Product-Service-Systems: The Im-materialistic Interaction Towards Sustainability 433

Sukanta Biswas, P.K. Patel and Ha Gupta

73. An Ergonomic Approach for Designing a Trowel, A Mason's Hand Tool 438

Subrata Dutta, Piyasi Pal, Soudeep Kr. Sau, Sumanta Banerjee and

Prakash Ch. Dhara

Session V

Design, HCI and Usability Engineering - I

74. Examining the Effect of Web Design Convention on Site's Persuasive Qualities 447

Achmad Syarief and Haruo Hibino

75. Interactive Learning Environments in Higher Education—A Critical Study 453

Abraham George and Susan Abraham

76. Computer Ergonomics: Relooking at Machines Vs. Environment 462

K. Chandra Sekharaiah, Md. Abdul Muqsit Khan and Upakaram Gopal

77. Efficacy of a Redesigned Cycle Rickshaw 470

C.K. Pradhan, S. Thakur and A. Roy Chowdhury

xi

78. Holistic Ergonomic Design of Call Centers: A Case Study Approach 475

K. Kranthi

79. Estimation of Peak Pressure Points in a Normal Plantar Pressure Distribution 482

Using EMED SystemN.K. Rana and G.G. Ray

80. Ergonomic Product Design Model Based on a Quality Function Deployment 487

Design SystemTushar N. Desai

Session VI

Occupational Stress, Hazards, Safety and Health Management - I

81. Integrated System for the Health, Safety and Environment 497

Miroljub D. Grozdanovic, Evica I. Stojiljkovic and Dragutin M. Grozdanovic

82. Computer Work, Related Stressors and their Avoidance-A Study 502

Minakshi Grover, Sudesh Gandhi and Praveen Sardana

83. Optimization of Quality of Life of Brick-Kiln Workers Sufering from 507

Non-Communicable Diseases

Sanjay Srivastava and Yogesh Kumar Anand

84. Occupational Disorders among Fish Processing Industry Workers: A Cross 512

Sectional StudyE. S. Samuel

85. A Study on Work-Stress and Factors of Dissatisfaction of the Blacksmiths 518

Resulting due to the Difference in Technology Level with the Upper Links of the

Production Chain in Surgical Instrument Industry of West Bengal.

Jisnu Basu, Somnath Gangopadhyay, Tirthankar Ghosh,Goutam Ghoshal and Tamal Das

86. Health Care Practices of Middle Class Indian Households 526

Neerja Jaiswal and Sarjoo Patel

87. Occupational Health Problem of Beedi Workers in India and Ergonomic Intervention 531

R. Iqbal and P. C. Ghosh

Session VII

Women at Work, Home and Society -1

88. Physical Assessment of Punjabi Women for Safe Manual Handling of Domestic, 543

Agricultural and Allied Tasks

P. Sandhu, M. Sidhu and Harshpinder

89. Physical and Mental Health Needs of Women Workers in Informal Sector 549

Santosh Tikoo

90. Job Stress of Urban and Rural Employed Women 554

H.L, Sarambekar and M.S. Kulkarni

91. Functional Clothes for Pregnancy 557

Medha B. Ukalkar and Irfana Siddiqui .

92. Ergonomic Evaluation of Selected Light, Moderate and Heavy Domestic Work 562

for Young Punjabi Women

M. Sidhu, R. Bakhshi and P. Sandhu

xii

93. Occupational Stess and Encountering Coping Strategies used by Working 570

Women of Ludhiana

R. Bakhshi, Nitika Sudha and P. Sandhu

94. Manually Operated Groundnut Decorticators and Work Load of Farm Women: 576

An Ergonomic Assessment

Suma Hasalkar, Rajeshwari Shivalli and Shilpa Nandi

Session VIII

Environmental Ergonomics

95. Study of Workstations from the View of Air Pollutants in (Iran National Steel 585

Industrial Group) Beam Rolling Mills FactoryMasoud Rafiee, A. S. Gadgil, V. S. Ghole, N. Jaffarzadeh and H. Tabesh

96. Ergonomics of Lighting for Reading 591

Sushma Goel

97. Evaluation of Ambient Impulsive Noise Produced by Bursting Variety of 596

Firecrackers

D. Chatterjee and S.K. Dave

98. Assessment of Natural Light and Light from Artificial Sources in Different Zones 603

of Selected Houses in Ludhiana

P. Sandhu, Shweta and Harpinder

99. Effect of Ergonomic Parameters while Watching Television on School Going 612

Children

KavitaDua,BinooSehgalandlnduGrover

100. Carbogen Breathing System for Protection Against Noise Induced Hearing Loss 616

N. Kapoor, A. P. Singh, R.K. Sharma, N. Sadhu and K. Munshi

101. Assessment of the Effect of Noise on the Employees of Academic Institutions 625

Working in Machine Laboratories

M. Muzammil, S. Imran Shafiq and S. Noorul Hasan

102. Eco-Friendly Wool Dyeing with Pipal Bark Extract 630

Sunita Kale and Sangita Naik

103. Influence of Pressure Regulator on Biogas Utilization 637

Vijaya Nambiar and P. Manjula

Session IX

Design, HCI, and Usability Engineering - II

104. Subjective Versus Objective Usability Measuring - Comparison of Two Different 645

Approaches to Assess Ergonomic Quality in Medical Device DesignClaus Backhaus and Wolfgang Friesdorf

105. A Computer Aided Decision Support System to Rate Undergraduate Classrooms 649

D. Ratna Kumari and S. Renuka

106. Innovative Approach for Ergonomic Issues 655

Sumer Singh

107. Ideal Design Guidelines for Undergraduate Classrooms 661

D. Ratnakumari and S. Renuka

xiii

108. Vehicle Design Driven by Packaging and Ergonomics 667

Anindya Deb

109. Apen-TheFolkArtof Uttaranchal 679

Ha Gupta

110. Interface and Accessibility for Visually Handicapped 686

Krishnakant Mane

111. Design Evaluation of Existing Hoe and Basket Used by the Salt Workers 692

Subir Das

112. A Pilot Ergonomics Study on Fabric Washing in Textile Hand Block Printing in 698

JaipurPrabir Mukhopadhyay and Subir Das

Session X

Occupational Stress, Hazards, Safety and Health Management - II

113. Ergonomics Intervention in Soaking Pit during OHSAS: 18001 Certification at 707

Slabbing Mill of Bokaro Steel Plant

T. Pachal, R.K. Pathak and B.S. Sastri

114. Study on the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders using Poscher Reba 714

Method in the Dentists of Mazandaran Province Central Cities

M.A. Heidari Gorgi, A. Tirgar, H.A. Orimi, A.M. Heidari,N. Nazari Taloki and M. Majidi

115. The Role of Individual Factors on Work Injuries in Mines 720

J. Maiti

116. Laparoscopic Instruments Need User Friendly Handles 725

B.B. Borthakur, P. Nepali, D.K. Shah and M. Borthakur

117. Nutritional Imbalance: A Hidden Cause of Occupational Health Hazards among 731

Women Construction Workers

Deepa Vinay, Suneeta Sharma, Tripali Mandape and Shailija Joshi

118. A Comparative Study on Circadian Variation of Different Physiological 738

Parameters in Female Daytime Workers and Shift Workers

Aparajita Chatterjee and Devashish Sen

Session Papers XI

Anthropometry and Workplace Design

119. Anthropometric and Strength Survey of IndianAgricultural Workers 755

LP. Gite and J. Majumder

120. Assessment of Video Display Terminal (VDTs) Workstation Design of Selected 761

Organizations and its Impact on Health of Users

Suman Singh, Jyoti Wadhwa and Sushma Sinwal

121. Anthropometric Data for Designing Work Surface and Seat Dimensions for 767

Architecture Students

Vrushali Datar and Veena Gandotra

xiv

122. Estimation ofAnthropometric Dimensions Using Multiple Regression Analysis 777

and Artificial Neural Network

Prasanna KumarG.V., K.N. Dewangan, V.S. Deka and M. Deb Barma

123. Body Dimensions and Classroom Furniture Mismatch 783

Shriram Sane, Harshad Mutha and Hemant Bhansali

124. Anthropometry ofAgricultural Workers of Meghalaya 789

R.K.P. Singh, K.N. Agrawal and K.K. Satapathy

125. Comfort Characterization Using Artificial Neural Networks on GSELF-Propelled 798

Rice Transplanter OperationsV.K. Tewari, K.N. Dewangan, K.P. Vidhu, T. Patel and Sourabh Dubey

Session XII

Agricultural Ergonomics -1

126. Development of Scale for Assessing Occupational Health Hazards Among 807

Farm Women

Suman Singh and Sushma Sinwal

127. An Ergonomic Slide Rule 811

V.K. Tewari, K.N. Dewangan and P. Biswas

128. Ergonomics of Rural Women for Manual Threshing Operations of Paddy in 817

Orissa

S.K. Mohanty and G.C. Satapathy

129. Researches in Ergonomics to Humanize Agriculture: An Analysis 823

Sucheta Singh, V. Gandotra and P. Sharma

130. Ergonomic Evaluation of Self-propelled Reapers in Rice Crop with Respect to 827

Safety of OperatorsG.C. Satapathy, S.K. Mohanty and S. Swain

131. Ergonomic Assessment of Cashew Nut Shelling in Orissa: A Case Study 833

S.K. Swain, J.P. Gupta and S.K. Mohanty

132. Ergonomics of Female Workers for Pedal Operated Diaphragm Pump in Orissa 839A.P. Sahu, K.N. Sharma and S.K. Mohanty

133. Occupational Health Hazards Among Indian Agricultural Workers 843

Rekha Vyas and Suman Singh

Session XIII

Posture, Gait and Biomechanics

134. Assessment of Muscular Stress among School Children with the Help of EMG 851

Nirmai Kaur and Deepa Vinay

135. Ergonomic Assessment of Postures Assumed by Workers in Tea Cultivation 856

Nandita Bhattacharyya, Ruplekha Borah,Subhash C. Baruah and Panchami Bhagawati

136. EMG Study of Flight Induced Fatigue of Chetak Helicopter Pilots 862Ashwani Dutt, Shobhit Rai, S. Karthik and Venkatesh Balasubramanian

xv

137. EMG Study of Neck Muscies while Using Standard Issue Helicopter Air

Crew HeadgearShobhit Rai, Ashwani Dutt, S. Karthik and Venkatesh Balasubramanian

138. Electromyography Studies of Workers Involved in Wheat Bundles and Bhusa

Lifting Activities

Ranjit Singh and Kapil Maheshwari

Session XIV

Ergonomics Issues in SSI and Cottage Industries

139. Small Business and Human Factors: Tailoring the Intervention to Suit the Scale

Mark S. Andrew

140. Low-cost Ergonomic Intervention to Improve Occupational Health in MalaysianSmall and Medium Industries (MSMIS)Isa Halim and Abdul Rahman Omar

141. Physiological Stress of Women Engaged in Handloom WeavingRuplekha Borah, B. Bhuyan and M. Kalita

142. Consumer's Behaviour and Attitude towards Products Manufactured by SSI Units

in East Sikkim

Anindita Adhikary and Bedanta Bora

143. Musculoskeletal Problems of Small Scale Industrial Workers in Madurai—

A Situational AnalysisP. Parimalam, N. Kamalamma and A.K. Ganguli

144. Self-Help Groups and Socio-Economic Transformation of Women in East Sikkim

Bedanta Bora

145. Impact of Technological Intervention on the Members of Self-Help GroupsD. Murali, M. S. Kulkarni and H. L Sarambekar

Session XV

Sports and Work Physiology

146. Failed Lower Limb Loading Syndrome—The Mechanisms Underlying Lower Limb

Injuries in Athletes

Garry T. Allison

147. The Effect of Drop Squats (Quadriceps Eccentric Muscle Training) on the

Functional Tests of Knee in Basketball and Volleyball Players: A Controlled

Randomized StudyPavas Jaiswal, R.K Marya, and Jaspal S. Sandhu

148. Effect of Training on Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Young Indian

Hockey PlayersIndranil Manna, Prakash Chandra Dhara and Gulshan Lai Khanna

149. Physiological Evaluation of Workload of a Group of Underground Drillers and

Trammers—A Comparative StudyN.C. Dey A. Samanta and R. Saha

150. Physiological Strain in BaggingPrabir K. Sarkar and Amalendu Samanta

xvi

151. Physiological Strain in River Fishing Task 954

Rajib Biswas and Amalendu Samanta

152. Physical Strain in Sweet Making Activities 959

Prasenjit Saha, Rajib Biswas and Amalendu Samanta

153. Modification of Queen's College Step Test for Prediction of Cardirespiratory Fitness 963in Male and Female University Students—A Comparative StudyA. Bandyopadhyay, S. Chatterjee and P. Chatterjee

154. Effect of Load on Physiological Responses of Bullocks 968D. Behera, A.K. Mohapatra, B.K. Behera and S. Swain

155. Effect of Protein-Carbohydrate Supplementation and Whole Body Resistant 971Exercise on Protein Status of Body Builders

V. Kandpai and K. Sen Ray

Session XVI

Ergonomics Analysis, Assessment and Evaluation

156. Review of Methods for Hazard Assessment 979

Evica I. Stojiljkovic and Miroljub D. Grozdanovic

157. Work Assessment of Concreting Job in Building Construction Female Workers' 985

Activities in India

Rina Maiti

158. Ergonomic Evaluation of Modified Wheel Chair cum Stretcher 996

M.J. Sheikh, U.D. Gulhane and A.M. Fulambarkar

159. Ergonomic Evaluation of Manual Load Lifting in a Lock Manufacturing Industry 1000

M. Muzammil, Saman Ahmad and Faisal Hasan

160. Fuzzy Dominance for Various Ergonomic Parameters for Task Selection in an 1006

Industrial Environment

Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay Padam Das, S.K. Gaur and D.S. Mishra

161. Ergonomic Assessment of Women using Pick Bag in Cotton Picking 1013

Sudesh Gandhi, M. Dilbaghi and Bimla

162. Inspection Activities in Hydraulic Supply Module for Calculating Time and 1019Man Power Analysis: By MOSTTechnique in Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.,NagpurN. S. Pawar and I. K. Chopde

Session XVII

Agricultural Ergonomics - II

163. An Ergonomic Study for Designing a Manually Drawn Land Leveler 1031

Prakash C. Dhara, Sanjit K. Kar, Soudeep Kr. Sau and Sumanta Banerjee

164. Effect of Work Station Adjustment on Working Posture and Physiological Cost 1037

of Pedal Operated Paddy Thresher Operation for Agricultural Workers of

MeghalayaK.N. Agrawal, E.V. Thomas andK.K. Satapathy

xvii

165. Hand Ridger for Women Workers and Physiological Work Load During its

OperationS.P. Singh, LP Gite and N. Agarwal

166. Drudgery Reduction of Farm Women through Technology Intervention

Chhaya Badiger, Suma Hasalkar and Shobha Huilgoi

167. Reduction of Vibration in Self-Propelled Vertical Conveyor ReaperV.K. Tewari, K.N. Dewangan, B. Sarkar, K.P. Vidhu and T.Patel

168. Ergonomic Evaluation of Newly Developed Weeding Tools

J.P. Zend, S.H. Umrikar, S.N. Yeole and D. Murali

169. Ergonomic Evaluation and Design Modification of Push-Pull Type Weeders

B.K. Behera and S. Swain

170. Ergonomic Evaluation of Maize Cultivation under Hilly ConditionR.K.P. Singh, K.N. Agrawal, K.K. Satapaty and M.M. Selvan

171. Nasa-Task Load Index as a Tool for the Measurement of Workload During PCBased Ground Tasks and Simulated FlyingK.K. Tripathi, C.R. Mukundan, and T. Lazar Mathew

Author Index

Organizing Committee

Advisory Committee

xviii