HW 1.4 British Democracy Homework – How did the United Kingdom establish parliamentary democracy...
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Transcript of HW 1.4 British Democracy Homework – How did the United Kingdom establish parliamentary democracy...
HW 1.4 British Democracy Homework – How did the United Kingdom establish parliamentary democracy (a.k.a.
constitutional monarchy?)Make a graphic organizer that includes the following terms. Make sure to give it a title. Include a
description and importance of each ruler or document.King John, Magna Carta
Henry VIII, Church of England, Roman Catholic ChurchElizabeth I, Mary I, Phillip II, and Mary, Queen of Scots
James I, Puritans, PilgrimsCharles I, Petition of Right
Oliver CromwellCharles II, James II
William and Mary, English Bill of RightsGeorge III
Thomas Hobbes, LeviathanJohn Locke, Two Treatises on Government, the “Social Contract”
This is 25 terms You must use the IANB homework format and a GRAPHIC ORGANIZER. DUE DATES: Period 1 = Mon., 9/22. Periods 2 & 6 = Tues., 9/23
Certain terms go together and it is a good idea to put them in the same oval. You don’t have to have 25 different ovals. But, you must have “subtopic ovals.” You can’t just hang the words off of the topic bubble. You must come up with your own subtopics.
A good website to use: www.royal.gov.uk
You have to research the terms. Don’t just rely on what is given in class.
Dancing With the Democracy Stars (a.k.a. The History of Democracy)
Autocracy = Absolute Monarchy
OrDictatorship
Oligarchy =Religious
OrMilitary
Or CommunistGroup Rule
There will be a map portion on the quiz, as well. You must know all items on this map. Please fill yours out accordingly.
Make sure you copy down the timeline that is on the board.
500 bc GREEK city-state of Athens= direct democracy based on the concept of popular sovereignty
The will of the people is supreme; the people should rule themselves.
Direct democracy = no representatives necessary. Everyone votes on every issue. Unworkable in large populations.
490-31 bc – Roman Republic=representative democracy
(corrupted by power hungry Senators who called themselves Caesars)
Natural Law = a universal set of common beliefs related to what is right and wrong; often referred to as the Ten Commandments.
Roman Republic collapses into an Empire. Democracy goes away for
over 1200 years.
One of the largest, strongest, and longest lasting empires in the history of the world. Falls in 476 AD.
Europe falls into what we call FEUDALISM.
Roman legacy is huge in Great Britain. Romans wrote their laws down and enforced them with fairness. (Due process of law)
Britain retained this legacy even though the Roman Empire collapsed.
With the Romans gone, the Anglo-Saxons divided their island into “shires.”Each shire had an appointed “sheriff” and “justices of the peace” resolved conflict. Due process was important and preserved, somewhat.
Europe, 1300 A.D. What is the meaning of the term, “Holy Roman Empire?” (In red)
Dukes, Earls, and Counts, (Marquis, if one is French)
And Princes
Skilled workers
1000 A.D. – 1500 A.D. in Europe
A key point about “absolutism” – the
times were so lawless, so dangerous, so
frightful, that a strong king was welcomed as someone who could keep the peace and
prevent violence and death. The loyalties of the serfs were to the
King because their lives depended on him. Never forget
that, even though the peasants’ attitudes
will change.
You all need me!
But I can’t do
everything
involved in
safeguarding this
kingdom by
myself!
England, 1215, the English Lords are angry with the cruel policies of one of the worst kings in
history; King John
King John, Runneymeade,
signing the Magna Carta
John ruled like a tyrant – totally disrespectful of existing local and
feudal traditions
1. Expensive wars against France that failed2. Bribed justices and barons
3. Extorted money4. Forced barons to raise more taxes on the
peasants. 5. His own barons staged an uprising and
threatened to kill him.
The Great Charter of the Liberties of England; modified many, many times over the years 1215-1688.
THE MAGNA CARTA (a.k.a The Great Charter)
Lots of very important concepts:1.Rule of Law = no monarch is absolute or ABOVE the
law; no monarch can arbitrarily impose justice or punishment; he must use due process of law
2.Limited Government = any government must protect natural rights when passing and enforcing law; citizens have civil rights such as freedom of expression
and rights when accused of a crime.
1215-1688
A long list of kings and queens. Some who are willing to share power with a House of Lords; others who are determined to take England backto the daysof Absolute Monarchy.
Ready? Let’s get started!
Henry VIIIElizabeth I
Bloody Mary James ICharles I Charles II
James IIWilliam of Orange
Henry VIII = 1491-1547 (56 years!)
Henry II of France, 1547-1559 Leaves 3 sons who are incompetent.
Catherine d’Medici rules.
Two Catholic KingsEngland France
Leaves a sickly son who only rules for 6 years. (Aged 9-15)
Edward VI
Converts R.C.C. to the Church of
England.
His sons cannot produce a strong,
Catholic King. Rule passes to the
Bourbon family.
TUDOR
VALOIS
Henry VIII – a split from the Roman Catholic Church…led to years of see-sawing back and
forth for England.
Church of England, a.k.a. Anglican Church. In America: Episcopalian
You need to know WHY the RCC would not give “8” a divorce.
Structure of the Anglican Church
Later, the Anglican Church will
become corrupt to the point where
a new group, the Puritans, wants to
reform it. Then, there are 3
religious groups in Britain, fighting
for dominance.
PURITANS – what did they want?
Two sisters who fought over the throne: Mary Tudor (daughter of Catherine of Spain, Elizabeth Tudor, daughter of
Anne Boleyn) Their father: Henry Tudor (the 8th)
A Catholic who wanted to destroy the Church of England that her father created (in order to divorce her mother.)
An Anglican, who was tolerant of Catholics, ruled England for 45 years.
I’ll undo
everything my
wicked father
did!
Bloody Mary, 1553-58The “Virgin” Queen, 1558-1603
Phillip II, Spain – what does he have to do with these two Queens?
“There is one Jesus Christ. The rest is a dispute over trifles."
An early English Parliament meets with the King and bishops of the Anglican Church (Church of England.) 1400All the lords, plus two knights from each shire, and 2 representatives from each “borough.”
The Parliament Building, today.
Bi-cameral:House of LordsHouse of Commons
Elizabeth’s cousin:Mary, Queen of the Scots…Elizabeth was convinced to imprison her and to later execute her…plots to overthrow Elizabeth just kept being exposed….Mary’s son, James Stuart will become King of England, though, because Elizabeth did not leave any children.
Mary, Queen of Scots
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth’s favorite lover. Dudley once convinced Elizabeth to give an address to the students of Cambridge University, in Latin.
Castle of Kenilworth – a gift to Leicester, from Elizabeth I
The famous “Tower of London”
Castle of Kenilworth
William the Conqueror's “Keep” and White Tower
Westminster – where Parliament meets. “Big Ben” clock tower
Westminster Abbey
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Nave
Transept
The “Shard” Building, London, just south of Tower Bridge
London Bridge
The “Gherkin” Building
Back to the royals and their relationship with their Parliament (talking place)
Why did “democracy-evolution” happen SO DIFFERNTLY in
England?• A larger middle class – “non-titled” (relative to France, Prussia, A-H,
Russia)• A smaller percentage of nobles per peasant (relative to F, P, A-H, R)
Prussian nobles were called “Junkers”• Aristocrats in F,P,A-H, R think that commerce is dirty work – in the U.K.
nobles got involved early in commerce (East India Tea Company)• more urban dwellers (no city like London in F,P,R,A-H)• The English Civil War = the “free-born” English citizen and his power was
upheld = a tradition of resistance to absolutism since 1215• Resistance to Catholicism made English citizens even more resistant to
monarchs wanting to return them to the RCC• Early nationalism = a British self-identity• Decentralization = most govt at the local level, no large national Army (the
idea of huge Armies goes with Prussia, France, and Russia – not the UK)
17th century – 100 years dominated by the monarch’s
struggle with Parliament – Who is the ultimate authority in England?
1642-1649
Stuarts have major issues with
allowing Parliament their
power
Then come the Georges I, II, III
Notice a break between 1649-1661? England was a dictatorship under the rule of Oliver Cromwell.
Between Charles I and Charles II
Remember, Elizabeth died, leaving no heir. The line goes to her cousins.
1603 - James I has religious problems on his hands. What are they?
King James version of the Holy Bible was compiled by James I.James I united 3 kingdoms for the first time, under a single ruler.
Roman Catholic
Puritans (Pilgrims)
Henry VIII’s “High
Protestants”
James I is p
ulled into the 30 Years War
in Europe (Catholics v. Protestants).
Catholics in the UK try
to assassin
ate
him. He dies in
1625 in the middle of
this.
The son of James I = Charles I (1625-1649)
• Determined to rule without a Parliament• Parliament had become dominated by Puritans (who
wanted reform of the Anglican Church and were wealthy landowners)
• Sympathetic to Catholics who felt persecuted ( he introduces a new “prayer book” for the Anglican Church which sounds very Catholic – the Scots revolt)
• Brutal suppression of the Scots• Irish Catholics revolt against British rule
Parliament begins to split
The Puritan’s “New Model Army” – Oliver Cromwell
Charles’ I – Cavalier Army
Although the UK is a monarchy, the powers of the reigning head of state have gradually dwindled since King Charles I was beheaded in 1649 following the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians.
Today, the monarch's role is largely ceremonial and mostly restricted to state functions and appearing on stamps and banknotes. But the monarch still retains formal powers and opens parliament each year.
Charles I of England – beheaded by Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army in Jan.
1649.
Prior to the outbreak of war, Charles I signs:
The Petition of Rights, 1638
I have no
intention of
following this
but it might
get
Parliament off
my back.
3 Important Documents in British parliamentary
history:
Magna Carta, 1215Petition of Rights, 1638
English Bill of Rights, 1688
Roundheads (Parliament members) vs. Cavaliers (Royalists)
Oliver Cromwell, a wealthy Puritan, leader of the Roundhead Army.
Royalists, a.k.a. Cavaliers
Charles I – beheaded after breaking the document he signed: English Petition of Rights, 1649
Chavenage House – haunted by England’s most famous ghost.Painswick Courthouse
Charles I stayed here during a long siege – English Civil War.
A BBC series called “Charles II, the Power and the
Passion” is a great show to watch if you
like this kind of stuff?
•a bleak picture of human beings•where life is "nasty, brutish, and short.“• fear of violent death is the principal motive that causes people to create a surrender their natural rights and to submit to the absolute authority of a sovereign. •the power of the monarch is originally derived from the people, •he challenged the doctrine of the divine right of kings-•but, he admitted that the sovereign's power is absolute and not subject to review by either citizens or church clergy
Written in 1651, just after the execution of Charles I
English Dictatorship – Oliver Cromwell: a Puritan member
of the House of Commons, led a civil war against King Charles
Wins the Civil War and executes the King, but who will now rule?
Regicide & Republic
Cromwell disbanded the House of Lords after winning the war and renamed the kingdom, the British “Commonwealth”
April, 1653 – what is left of Parliament is called “The Rump Parliament”
Cromwell – first “western” dictator – ruled England from 1649 until 1658. Turned England into a Commonwealth. His Army re-conquered Scotland and Ireland, and added them to
the “commonwealth.
Lord Protector of the Realm- military dictatorship – Cromwell
called it the “protectorate”
What type of ruler was Cromwell? To what extent did he favor liberal/republican ideals?
Wow, this is complicated. Interesting, but complicated, and not popular with everyone in England at the time.
Cromwell dies of a gallstone attack in
1658.
Is this the missing head of Oliver Cromwell? After his trial (2 years after he had died) his head was severed and put on a pike on Tower Bridge. By 1688 it had blown away. A skull was found in 1935 and determined to be the missing head. It was buried at Sussex College in Cambridge in 1960!
I wonder how my
son Richard is ruling
the commonwealth
now that I am
dead???
Cromwell’s death mask
“Tumbledown Dick” = Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell
2nd Protector of the Realm upon his father’s death.
Did not have the personality or the political mind of his father. Did not have the ambition or drive.
Served for nine months under a “Barebones Parliament” and then resigned and left England and his role as Protector.
Parliament was left with no monarch or military dictator.
Hmmm…what to do?
Royalists had another nickname for Richard, but you’ll have to look that one up on your own time!!
9 months and 10 days!
1658-59
1660- England was poised to reject monarchy forever, and yet, they requested that the Stuart heir to the
throne, Charles II, (“merry King Charles) return to rule as a “figurehead” monarch.
Anyo
ne w
ould
have
bee
n
calle
d “m
erry
”
after
thos
e pr
udish
Pu
ritan
s!
1660-1685
The Merry Monarch – many wives, many, many children.
An alarming secret about the Merry MonarchHe was a “closet Catholic” and he had signed a secret pact with the France, (Louis, 14) promising to return England to the Catholic Church.He had no legal heirs to the throne.His brother James was a full-blown, public Catholic – and in line to secede to the throne when Charles died.
1685 – Charles II dies and James II (age 51) comes to
the throne of England. 3 short years: 1685-1688
He’ll almost lose his pretty neck!
That “bloody bastard,”
Monmouth will learn his lesson!
Meanwhile, Mary, the legitimate daughter of James II, has married a very cool guy, William of Orange – a Dutch King called a “Stadholder.”
The British are
going to call on me
to literally run my
father-in-law out
of the country. I’m
just the man to do
it!
The first college in America is named after this fine looking couple.
Getting bored? Try some Trivia…
Worcestershire can be properly pronounced a few ways: "WUST-ter-shire, "WOOS-ter-sheer", or "WOOS-ter-sher" sauce. But the easiest way to say Worcestershire Sauce is to say “Lea & Perrins”.
early 1800s, in the county of Worcester. Returning home from his travels in Bengal, Lord Sandys, a nobleman of the area, was eager to duplicate a recipe he'd acquired. On Lord Sandys' request, two chemists—John Lea and William Perrins—made up the first batch of the sauce.
James II did three things to blow it:• Managed to have a male heir, who he was
raising as a Catholic, with a very Catholic mother
• Passed the “Act of Indulgence” which openly promoted the practice of Catholicism
• Dissolved Parliament when the MPs expressed outrage over the Act.
• He was convinced to abdicate and fled in exile to France. (By the mobilization of William’s Dutch Army)
The Glorious Revolution = 1688 the British ask the King and Queen of Holland to come across the
Channel and reign as the British monarchs. Parliament insists that the couple sign the English Bill of Rights – a document that reads, almost word-for-word, like the American Bill of Rights.
Wow – who picked the King and Queen of England?
Parliament did!
The Revolution that was not a Revolution…
England, (the U.K.) has become the 1st true democracy in the world: a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY.
Monarch is a figureheadKing
Nobility = Dukes, Earls, Barons House of Lords
Serfs (Commoners) House of Commons
Prime Minister – a member of Parliament, chosen to enforce the laws made by Parliament.
Feudalism evolved into democracy: constitutional monarchy style.
By 1884, the U.K. had conquered ¼ of the surface of the earth and added it to their empire.
“British Commonwealth”
Over 30 former British colonies belong to the British Commonwealth. They are independent democracies, but recognize the British monarch as their HEAD OF STATE.
Australia
England
Canada
Fiji
Jamaica
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
New Zealand
United Kingdom
“Rock of Gibraltar”
1690An English writer, John Locke, writes down a summary of what he has seen happen in England over the centuries
TWO TREATIES ON GOVERNMENT:Several essays, in which, J.L. explains a theory that he calls the “Social Contract.”
FILL OUT THE SOCIAL CONTRACT WORKSHEET.
The American Revolution was a “social contract” revolution.
John Locke’s book was nicknamed,
“The Textbook of the American Revolution.”
Famous line from “Two Treatises on Government:”
We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal, with certain inalienable rights, among them, Life, Liberty, and Property.
Where have you heard these words?
3 Parts of the Declaration of Independence
The American Revolution = 1774-1783
U.S.A. – a confederation1776-1787 – the U.S. almost collapses
TO THE RESCUE: THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY-SEPT 1787
G. WashingtonJohn AdamsSam AdamsRoger ShermanBenjamin FranklinJames Madison
The founding fathers rejected the British constitutional monarchy AND the U.S. Confederate style government. Presidential Democracy was BORN! What did we invent? Federalism, the Office of President, and
the Electoral College. We kept the idea of 3 branches, bicameral lawmaking bodies, and the British justice system. No wigs, though!
British judges
Presidential Democracy
Congress
President
Courts
Typically “Federal Structure,” but can be “Unitary”
Any country that has copied the U.S. style of democracy.
PRESIDENTIAL STYLE GOVERNMENT
VOTERS
Legislative Branch: 111th Congress
Executive Branch: P, VP, 15 Cabinet Secretaries, feds
Parliamentary style democracy
Voters
British Parliament: House of LordsAnd House of Commons
British Prime Minister:David Cameron
Parliament, Friday, 8/30/2013
Should the U.S. strike against Syrian dictator, Bashar al-Assad? Failed by 13 votes
Dark Blue = U.S. presidential style democracyDark Gray = U.K. parliamentary style democracyRed = countries masquerading as democracies (no legitimate elections)Light Gray = dictatorships and absolute monarchies
Study these notes. There will be a test on this. Don’t wait until the
last minute.
WE OWE THE BRITISH A LOT!
AND, THAT ENDS THE HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY….OR DOES IT?
The next slide shows a “model” of a typical revolution.(Not the American
Revolution, though)
Causes of the French Revolution(s) – notice the color coding of the diagram, please.