HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and … 09-200709-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power...
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1 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution1 09-2007
HVDC Solutions for System Interconnectionand Advanced Grid Access
200720072007
Dag SoerangrDietmar RetzmannJoerg Dorn Cristen Schimpf
PTD H 1 MT/Re
2 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re2 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
lobal rendson Power MarketsCO2 Reduction – Green EnergyMegacities – Security of Supply
3 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Conclusions of IPCC: CO2 Increase due to human Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation
Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air400
350
300
250
200
0 100 200 300 400
Thousandsof Years ago
Würm / Weichsel Riß / SaaleIce Age Mindel / Elster
CO2Concentration (ppmv)
Sources: Siemens PTD TI, Wikipedia, 2006
A crucial Global Issue: to achieve CO2 Reduction
The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO2
4 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re4 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
ecurity
09-2007
ask 1
of Power Supply
5 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”
System Enhancement necessary !
Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”
If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout
The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows
Problems only in thesynchronous interconnected Systems
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
6 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re6 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
ustainability
09-2007
ask 2
of Power Supply
7 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Renewable Energy Resources at favorableLocations *
Transmission of large Power Blocks over long Distances (Hydro, Wind * and Solar Energy)
Increased Power Exchange among the Interconnected Systems
Extensions of Interconnected Systems
Development of Power Systems
* A big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries* A big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries
8 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Transmission Efficiency !
Power Quality !
System Stability !
Long Lifetime !
Low
Investments !
Today’s Challenges for a Solution Provider
Low CO2Emissions !
The Solution is: Power Electronics
FACTS
HVDC
9 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re9
Use of Advanced Solutions
PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution
The Global Potentialin CO2 Reduction and Security Enhancementis huge
for Power Transmission09-2007
10 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Use of Power Electronics for HVDC & FACTSTransient Performance and Losses
More Dynamics for better Power Quality:Use of Power Electronic Circuits for Controlling P, V & QParallel and/or Series Connection of ConvertersFast AC/DC and DC/AC Conversion
ThyristorThyristor
50/60 Hz
GTOGTO
< 500 Hz
IGBT / IGCT
Losses
> 1000 Hz
Transition from “slow” to “fast”
Switching Frequency
On-Off Transition 20 - 80 ms
1-2 %
The Solution for Bulk Power Transmission
Depending on Solution
2-4 %
11 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDCHVDCHigh Power DC
Transmission
Systems
High Voltage Direct Current
11 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
12 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC - High Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow
HVDC-LDT - Long Distance Transmission
HVDC “Classic” with LT Thyristors* (Line-commutated Converter)
HVDC “Bulk” with 800 kV – for 5,000 MW to > 7,000 MW
HVDC PLUS (Voltage-Sourced Converter – VSC)
HVDC can be combined with FACTS
V-Control included
Advanced Power Transmission Systems
B2B - The Short Link
Back-to-Back Station
AC AC
DC Cable
AC AC
Submarine Cable Transmission
800 kV for minimal LineTransmission Losses
Long Distance OHL Transmission
DC Line
AC AC
* LTT = Light-Triggered Thyristor with integrated Break-over Protection
13 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Options of HVDC Interconnections
b) HVDC Long Distance Transmission
a)
a) Back-to-Back Solution
Can be connected to long AC Lines
b)
c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System
c)
c)
14 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Hydro Plants for:Base Load andEnergy Storage
Plus Wind Power
Covering Base and
“flexible”
“fuzzy”
Peak-Load Demands
Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy
no additional Thermal Plants
Cost Reduction
Benefits of HVDC:Clean Energy CO2 Reduction
2005
15 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA
Customer:
End User:
Location:
Project
Development:
Supplier:
Transmission:
Power Rating:
Transmission Dist.:
Neptune RTS
Long Island Power Authority
(LIPA)
New Jersey: Sayreville
Long Island: Duffy Avenue
NTP-Date: 07/2005
PAC: 07/2007
Consortium
Siemens / Prysmian
Sea Cable – 500 kV
600/660 MW monopolar
82 km DC Sea Cable
23 km Land Cable
Ed Stern, President of Neptune RTS: “High Voltage Direct Current Transmission will play an increasingly important Role, especially as itbecomes necessary to tap Energy Reserves whose Sources are far away from the Point of Consumption”
Safe and reliable Power Supply for the Megacities –“Blackout Prevention”
Atlantic Ocean
15 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re
16 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Neptune HVDC: 660 MW Full Power Delivery
16 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re
Blackout in New York City – June 27, 2007
Neptune HVDCsuccessfully supported Long Island’s Power Supply - 700,000 Householdscould be saved
385,000 People without Electricity in Manhattan and Bronx: Subway broke down, Traffic Lights out of Operation – up to 1 hour Power Outage
Power Transmission and DistributionPower Transmission and Distribution
Long Island: Duffy Avenue
New Jersey: Sayreville
in Trial Operation – 2 Weeks ahead of Schedule
17 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Europe – The HVDC Portfolio is growing
Customer:Energinet.dk
System Data:Rating 600 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 56 km
Customer:BritNed Development Ltd.
System Data:Rating 1000 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 200 km
2010
2010BritNed
Storebælt
Sharing ofReserve Capacity
Energy Exchangeby Sea Cable
18 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Siemens received the Order for the World’s first 800 kV HVDC in China Southern Power Grid
Siemens – the Leader in Bulk Power DC Transmission Technology
Yunnan-Guangdong
5,000 MW1,418 Km
+/- 800 kV DC
Commercial Operation:2009 – Pole 12010 – Pole 2
Reduction in CO2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix
32.9 m tons p.a. - by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission
19 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Sunan
To Sichuan Power GridJinping Plant I
GuandiLinping
Jinping Plant I I
Xichang
Wuhan
Guangdong
LeshanChongqing
Changsha
Shanghai
Jinping ± 800 kV HVDC Transmission Project
19 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems –Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
6,400 MW+/- 800 kV DC
Planned for 2012
2,237 Km
For Comparison: Germany 840 Km
20 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
R O U R K E L A
R A IP U R H IR M A
T A L C H E R
J A IP U R
N E R
E RW R
N R
S R
B 'S H A R IF
A L L A H A B A D
S IP A T
G A Z U W A K A
J E Y P O R EC H A N D R A P U R
S IN G R A U L I
V IN D H Y A -
2000M
W
2000MW
3000M W
1 0 0 0 M W
5 0 0 M W
L U C K N O W
D IH A N G
C H IC K E N N E C K
K R IS H N A
T E E S T A
T IP A IM U K HB A D A R P U R
M IS A
D A M W E
K A T H A L -G U R I
L E G E N D
7 6 5 K V L IN E S 4 0 0 K V L IN E S
H V D C B /B
H V D C B IP O L E
E X IS T IN G / X P L A N X I P L A N
Z E R D A
H IS S A R
B O N G A IG A O N
D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T IO N A L G R ID
K O L H A P U R
N A R E N D R A
K A IG A
M A N G A L O R E
P O N D A
IX P L A N
M A R IA N I
N .K .
K A H A L G A O N
R A N G A N A D I
S E O N I
C H E G A O N
B H A N D A R A
D E H G A M
K A R A D
L O N IK A N D
V A P I
G A N D H A R /
T A L AA R U N
B A N G L A
B A L L A B G A R H A 'P U R(D E L H I R IN G )
B A N G A L O R E
K O Z H IK O D E
C O C H IN
K A Y A M K U L A M
T R IV A N D R U M
P U G A L U R
K A Y A T H A R
K A R A IK U D I
C U D D A L O R E
S O U T H C H E N N A I
K R IS H N A P A T N A M
C H IT T O O R
V IJA Y A W A D A
S IN G A R P E T
P IP A V A V
L IM B D I
K IS H E N P U R
D U L H A S T IW A G O O R A
M O G A
U R I
B H U T A N
R A M A G U N D A M
S A T L U JR A V I
J U L L A N D H A R
D E S HN A G A R
V A R A N A S I
/U N N A O
M 'B A D
P U R N E A
K O R B A
N A G D A
S IL IG U R I/B IR P A R A
P H A S E - III
NIC
OB
AR
AND
AM
AN
AND
LAKSHAD
WEEP
T E H R I
M E E R U T
B H IW A D I
B IN A S A T N A
M A L A N P U RS H IR O H I
K A W A S
A M R A V A T I
A K O L A
(B y 2 0 1 2 )
A G R A
S IR S I
C H A L
J E T P U RA M R E L I
B O IS A RT A R A P U R
P A D G H E
D H A B O L
K O Y N A
/B A R H
G 'P U R
H O S U R
Prospects in China and India:
“Smart”andStrong Grids
Similar Prospects … as in China
+/- 800 kV HVDC !
Grid Extension in India - Hybrid AC plus DC
Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems – Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
20 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
21 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re21
Technology Issues forfor UHV DC Transmission
More Powerout of the Grid …
plus CO2 Reduction
09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution
22 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer – The Dimensions are “huge”
500 kV DC500 kV DC in the Pictures in the Pictures –– are now are now being extended to being extended to 800 kV DC800 kV DC
Mostly an Issue of Mechanics –
22 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
but not only …
23 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
UHV DC Reactor – in Test Field
800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !
24 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab TU Graz – Austria
24 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
800 kV DC Bushing in Test Field
24 PTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
25 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
AC (1 min) 1,020 kVSI 1,790 kVLI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kVDC (2 hrs) 1,175 kVPR (90/90/45 min) 935 kV
48** Transformers – for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project
Test Voltages
** plus 8 Spare Units
800 kV HVDC Transformer under Construction320 MVA Single-Phase* Transformer
* for Transportation Reasons
Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return LimbsL x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 mTotal Weight: 512 tons
26 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Valve Hall Configuration – for UHV DC
400 kV Valve Hall
DC Neutral
400 kV DC
Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
400 kV DC
800 kV Valve Hall
to 800 kV DC Line
“Ready for Transmission”
Each Valve Group can be bypassed … n-1 Criteria
09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
27 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re27
Transformer Bushings
400 kV DC 800 kV DC
400 kV-Valve Group 800 kV-Valve GroupDC NeutralDC Line
Each PoleEach Pole can be operated with can be operated with 400 kV DC400 kV DC
N-1 Criteria: fully redundant HVDC Scheme –with two 12-Pulse Converters per Pole
09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/ReN-1 Criteria: Redundancy through Bypass-BreakersPower Transmission
and Distribution
PTD H 1 MT/Re
28 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing
Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure
29 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Finally …
… it will look like this:
09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution
30 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Power Quality for AC & DC Systems
Power Transmission and Distribution30 PTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
HVDCHVDCwithwith VSCVSC --
HVDCHVDC PLUSPLUS
31 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC PLUS – The Power Link Universal System
Clean Energy to Platforms & Islands …
Low Switching Frequency
Reduction in Losses
Less Stresses
In Comparison with 2 and 3-Level Converter Technologies
… with Advanced VSC Technology
Siemens uses MMC Technology(Modular Multilevel Converter)
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32 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
The Evolution of HVDC PLUS and VSC Technology
Power Electronic Devices:
Topologies: Two-Level Three-Level Multilevel
IGBT in PP IGBT ModuleGTO / IGCT
32 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
33 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
The Multilevel Approach
33 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Small Converter AC Voltage Steps
Small Rate of Rise of Voltage
Vd /2
Vd /2VConv.
34 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re34 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Low Generation of Harmonics
Low HF Noise
Low Switching Losses
The Advanced Multilevel Approach:MMC – Modular Multilevel Converter
Vd
VConv.
35 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme
35 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Submodule (SM)
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
SM 1
SM 2
SM n
ud
Phase Module
Vd
36 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
The Result: MMC – a perfect Voltage Generation
36 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
VConv.
- Vd /2
0
+Vd /2
AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Leg Voltages:
VAC
37 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re37 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Phase Unit Submodule
PLUSCONTROL
High-Speed Bypass Switch
MMC – Redundant Submodule Design
38 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Fully suitable for DC OHL Application:Line-to-Line Fault – a crucial Issue
38 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Phase Unit
PLUSCONTROL
Submodule
Protective Thyristor Switch
39 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC PLUS – The Advanced MMC Technology
39 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Converter Leg with more than 200 Submodules
Typical Converter Arrangement for 400 MW
Optional Seismic Reinforcements
40 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Benefits of HVDC PLUS
40 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC PLUS
HVDC “Classic”
Example 400 MW
Space Saving
41 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Bottlenecks
Advanced Technologiesand Congestion by use of
Transmission needs …
Elimination of
Conclusions
41 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
42 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC PLUS
From Congestion, Bottlenecks and Blackout towards a “Smart Grid”
Power System Expansion …
… with Advanced Transmission Solutions
43 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
The Future ? - Global Link for Green Energywith HVDC and FACTS
44 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business –
GuG II2007
GuG I2004
Ge-Nan1989
Neptune2007
Poste Châte.
1984
Basslink
ESI2003/2007
Thailand-Malaysia
2001
Moyle2001
Acaray
1981Lamar
2005Virginia Smith1987
Sylmar East1995
TSQ2000
Celilo
1997/2004
1977/1998Cahora Bassa
Nelson River
1977/2004
Welsh
1995 2005
Ballia-Bhiwadi
2009
TSQ
Yunnan-Guangdong
World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation
Transbay Cable
2010
World’s 1st HVDC with LTT and integrated BOD
World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kV
for more than 30 Years
44 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kV !
Etzenricht1993
Wien Südost1993
Dürnrohr1983
Storebælt
2010
2010Bridnet
World’s 1st
HVDC with500 kV DC Cable
World’s 1st
HVDC with8 kV Thyristors
2009/2010
Status: 09-2007
World’s 1st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology
45 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Thank You for your Attention!
Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission
with with HVDCHVDC & &
FACTSFACTS fromfrom
HVDC HVDC PLUSPLUSandand SVCSVC PLUSPLUS
Now available –with VSC PLUS Technology
SiemensSiemens
… and the Lights will keep shining !
46 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission
SustainabilitySustainability &&
SecuritySecurity
Thank You for your Attention !
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