HVDC Electricity Transmission LinesEXTERNAL. 15. TH. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ENERGY...

—

EXTERNAL

15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ENERGY MARKET, 27-29 JUNE 2018, LODZ, POLAND

High-Voltage Direct Current transmissionEnabling single EU energy market

—Electricity interconnection targets

June 1, 2018 Slide 2

Further recommendations:

Interconnectors helping reach any of the 30% thresholds should be included in the TYNDP and future lists of PCI

Countries above the 30% but below 60% thresholds should investigate regularly possible options of further interconnectors

Motivation Indicator Indicativethreshold

Minimising price differentials

Price difference between countries, regions or bidding zones

>€2/MWh

Ensuring that electricity demand can be met

ratio between nominal transmission capacity ofinterconnectors and peak load

<30%

Enabling export potential of excess renewable production

Ratio between nominal transmission capacity of interconnectors to renewable installed generation capacity

<30%

Recommendations for development of additional interconnections

Source: Report of the Commission Expert Group on electricity interconnection targets, November 2017



Background Benefits

According to the European Commission, a PCI should:

– Significantly affect the energy markets of at least two EU countries

– Increase energy market competition

– Enhance the EU’s security of supply by allowing countries to receive energy from more sources

– Contribute to the EU’s energy and climate goals, for example, by integrating renewable energy into the grid

Projects of Common Interest expedite the fulfiment of the interconnection targets

Projects of Common Interest (PCI)

– Accelerated planning and permit-granting procedures, including a three-and-a-half-year time limit for granting permits

– One national permitting authority

– Lower administrative costs for project promoters and authorities

– Streamlined environmental assessment

– More transparency and public participation

– More visibility for investors

– Possibility of financial support -5.35 b€ total from 2014 to 2020-under the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)



90 PCIs related to transmission network expansion

– 50% interconnectors (between countries)

– 50% internal projects

Share of HVDC projects among them:

– 1/3 among all projects (internal and interconnectors)

– >55% for interconnectors (between countries)

Third list of Projects of Common Interest (2017)

HVDC transmission is a key enabler of the emerging single energy market

Source: European Comission, Annex VII to Regulation (EU) No 347/2013, 23.11.2017

—entso-e Ten Year Network Development Plan


Transmission network expansion projects in TYNDP

New overhead lines, underground/subsea cables

143 projects in permitting, under construction or commissioned

– >20% HVDC projects (32 in total)

– 24 subsea HVDC cables

– 7 underground HVDC cables

– 1 HVDC OHL

136 projects under consideration or planned, but not permitted

– >25% HVDC projects (37 in total)

– 30 subsea HVDC cables

– 3 underground HVDC cables

– 3 HVDC OHL

Key boundaries identified in the system needs analysis of the TYNDP 2016

Source: entso-e Ten Year Network Development Plan 2018

—What is an HVDC transmission system?


Cus

tom

er’s

Grid

HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic

HVDC converter station< 3,600 MW, Light

Overhead linesTwo conductors

Submarine cables

Land or submarine cables

HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic

HVDC converter station< 3,600 MW, Light

Power / energy direction

Cus

tom

er’s

Grid

Cus

tom

er’s

Grid

Cus

tom

er’s

Grid

—HVDC technologies


– Lower investment and lower losses for bulk power transmission

– Asynchronous interconnections

– Improved transmission in parallel AC circuits

– Instant and precise power flow control

– 3 times more power in a ROW than AC

What makes HVDC special? What makes HVDC Light special?

– Underground cables

– Easy permits

– Costs close to overhead lines

– Connection to passive loads

– Enhancement of connected AC networks

– Independent control of active and reactive power flow

– Short delivery times

—HVDC technologies


– Thyristor controlled

– Switched reactive power control

– Typical design: valve building plus switchyard

– Overhead lines or mass impregnated cables

HVDC Classic 300 – 10,000 MW HVDC Light 50 – 3,600 MW

– Transistor (IGBT) controlled

– Continuous reactive power control

– Easily expandable to more terminals

– Dynamic voltage regulation

– Black start capability

– Typical design: more equipment in compact building

– Extruded cables

——Installed baseOver 120 projects and over 60 years experience

CU UpgradeMaritime LinkQuebec – New England UpgradeMadawaska UpgradeCelilo UpgradeRailroad DC TileOklaunionMackinacIPP UpgradeBlackwater

20192017

20162016201620142014201420102009

AmericaOutaouaisSharylandRapic CityCross SoundEagle PassQuebec – New EnglandPacific Intertie ExpansionIntermountainPacific Intertie UpgradeMadawaskaHighgate

20092007200320022000199019891986198519851985

ChateauguayCu-projectNelson River 2Square ButteEel RiverPacific IntertieVancouver Island Pole 1

1984197919781977197219701968

Rio Madeira Back-to-backRio MadeiraBrazil – ArgentinaInterconnection I & IIItaipu

20132013

19991984

South America

Africa

North-sea LinkNordlinkIFA2Kriegers Flak CgsJohan SvedrupGotland UpgradeCaithness – MorayKontek UpgradeTroll 1 & 2, 3 & 4Borwin 1Dolwin 1, 2Åland

202120212020201920192018201820162015201520152015

EuropeNordbaltLitpol LinkSkagerrak 4East WestInterconnectorSapeiValhallNornedEstlinkItaly – GreeceTjæreborg

201520152014

2013201120112008200620012000

SwepolGotland LightHällsjönKontekBaltic CableFennoskan 1 & 2DürnohrSkagerrak 1-3Gotland 1-3Konti-skanEnglish Channel

20001999199719951994198919831976197019651955

Changji-GuquanRaigarh-PugalurNorth East AgraJinping - SunanMülünbeir – LiaoningLingboa li ExtensionXiangjiba – ShanghaiThree Gorges – ShanghaiVizag LiThree Gorges – GuangdongThree Gorges – ChangzhouChapadRihand-DelhiGezhouba – ShanghaiVindyachaiSakuma

2019201920162013201020102010200620052004200219991990198919891965

Asia

Broken HillMurraylinkDirectlinkLeyte-LuzonNewZealand 1 & 2

20132013

19991984

Australia and OceaniaInga – Kolwezi UpgradeCahora Bassa, SongoCaprivi LinkApollo UpgradeInga – KolweziCahora Bassa

201620152010200819821977

——VSC HVDC LightABB supplied 70% of all VSC links in the world

VSC-HVDC projects commissioned

In construction

*VSC: Voltage sourced converter

—

Transmission capacity

HVDC technologies


Power (GW)

HVDC Lightwithextrudedcable

HVDC Classicwith mass impregnated cable

HVDC Light with overhead lines

Udc (kV)

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

0 6 754321

HVDC Classic with overhead lines

8

1,100

109

100

900

1,000

1

10

100

1000

10000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Pow

er (M

W)

Vo

ltag

e (k

V)

Commissioning

Voltage (kV)Power (MW)

—

20 years of HVDC Light development

Evolution of HVDC Light


– Increased voltage rating

– Cutting-edge, bi-mode insulated gate transistor (BIGT)

– Optimized switching

– Modular multi-level converter (MMC) technology

– Very low no-load losses

How is it done?

—

Plant Design (symmetric monopole)

HVDC Light


Climate system

Diesel generator

MVS building

Service building

Coolers

DC yard Valve hall

Converter reactors

Transformers

Optional harmonic filters

—

Value proposition with new offering

HVDC Light


high availability

low losses

small footprint

highly modularized

higher ratings

reduced delivery time

increased service intervals

improved converter valves

optimized mechanical design

simplified project adaption

higher voltage and current ratings

base design and standardized delivery model

increased utilization

reduced OPEX

reduced environmental impact

proven technical solutions

technology suitable in more applications

lower project and capital cost

HVDC Light able to cover all market demands

Values Features Benefits

—

System configuration

Introduction to HVDC Light


Symmetric monopole Asymmetric monopole Bipole

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

PositiveLow costLow transmission lossesNegativeLoss of 100 % power at trip

PositiveHigh Availability for half powerNegativeTemporary ground current (can be avoided at the expense of a metallic return conductor)

PositiveOnly one high voltage cableBipole enabledNegativeLess compact

—

System configuration

Introduction to HVDC Light


Rigid Bipole Back-to-Back Multi-terminal

PositiveHalf power at converter outageLower stress on cable compared to sym. monopoleNegativeLoss of 100 % power at line tripLess compact, higher cost than sym. monopole

PositiveConverters at different locations on one lineNegativeComplex control system

PositiveLow CostLow lossesSimpler permittingCompact stationNegativeLimited suitable locations

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=~

=

=~

—

Independant active and reactive power control

Power transmission with HVDC Light


valve

2-level,3-leveln-level

3PWMOPWM

XOutput voltage at AC valve terminals can be freely adjusted in both magnitude and phase angle

− Active power control via phase angle

− Reactive power control via magnitude

− Control in dq coordinates

Power and current control common for all valve topologies

Voltage source converter

𝑃𝑃 =𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣 � 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 � sin 𝜑𝜑 − 𝜃𝜃

𝑋𝑋

Q =𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 � 𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣 � cos 𝜑𝜑 − 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐

𝑋𝑋

𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐∠𝜃𝜃

𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣∠𝜑𝜑

𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣,𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣

𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑄𝑄𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑈𝑈𝑑𝑑

𝑃𝑃,𝑄𝑄

—

Independant active and reactive power control

Power transmission with HVDC Light


Active power(MW)

Reactive power (MVAr)

AC voltage(%)

DC voltage(kV)

Direct current(A)

Step decrease of transmitted power by 10%

No change in reactive power exchange with the AC network

Transient change in DC voltage, quickly regulated to reference value by remote station

New load flow results in decreased direct current flow

-100% to +100% power without changing the DC polarity

Example: step change of active power

—

Enhanced system resiliency – black start with HVDC Light

Operational flexibility


—

Field experience from reference projects

Operational flexibility


“The field experience in Caprivi link project shows that HVDC Light can not only operate in extremely weak AC system with SCR below one and down to zero, but also enhance the stability of the weak AC system significantly.”

“Stability enhancement and blackout prevention by VSC based HVDC”, Cigré Symposium, Bologna

Stationary load flow optimizationbetween Sweden and FinlandPOD control for small-signal stabilityIn operation for over 20 years

The ability to damp depends on the converter station location and the feedback control signals usedMost favorable with parallel connection of AC ties with an HVDC link

Caprivi Link Interconnector Fenno-Skan Pacific Intertie

HVDC Electricity Transmission LinesEXTERNAL. 15. TH. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ENERGY...

Documents

Transcript of HVDC Electricity Transmission LinesEXTERNAL. 15. TH. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ENERGY...