HVAC SYSTEMS FOR HOSPITAL BUILDINGS

Dr. Eng. Ioan Silviu Doboși,

1KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018

CITY HOSPITAL “SFANTUL SPIRIDON” MIOVENI, DACIA BOULEVARD NR 131, ARGES COUNTY

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 2

NV-SV Perspective

BENEFICIARY

Mioveni City – City Council

GENERAL CONTRACTOR

The association of companies:

Guerrato SPA

SC Medicare Technisc SA

ITAL TBS Telematic & Nbiomedical

Services SPA (TBS Group SPA)

SC Editronic International SRL

SC Eyecom Medical SRL

GENERAL DESIGNER

The association of companies:

SC Doset Impex SRL

SC Real Design Proiect SRL

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 3

NV-SV Perspective

ARCHITECTURE – General Data

Existant hospital:

•Building for medical analysis laboratory

and pharmacy

•Building for Pediatrics

•Building for EAU, recovery and balneo-

physiotherapy

•Building for internal medicine

•Building for administration and laundry

•Building for radiology and administrative

service

•Isolated buildings: archive, shed, garage,

oxygen storehouse, morgue, other annexes

The buildings marked with red will remain

functional after the opening of the new

hospital.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 4

SV-SE Perspective

ARCHITECTURE – General Data

NEW HOSPITAL BUILDING

PLOT AREA – AP= 13230 m2

FOOTPRINT AREA - AF= 2676,45 m2

GROSS FLOOR AREA (including

basement) - ADT= 17127,47 m2.

LAND TO BUILDING PERCENTAGE -

LBP = 20.23%

FLOOR AREA RATIO - FAR =1,29

NUMBER OF BEDS - 240

HEIGHT REGIME OF B+G+6F

(basement, ground and 6 floors)

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 5

SE-NE Perspective

ARCHITECTURE – STRUCTURE

General DataThe building is constructed with reinforced concrete

columns and diaphragms, reinforced concrete floors

and terrace-type roof. The perimetral walls are made

of concrete and brick masonry, the façade is

ventilated, with HPL and Alucobond panels, and the

aluminum carpentry will be fitted with thermal

insulation windows. The interior compartmentations

will be made with light drywalls or glass walls where

necessary.

1.1 New hospital main building – FunctionsBasement: Morgue, Laundry, Laboratory, Kitschen

Ground: - EAU, Investigations, Laboratory, Imaging

Floor 1: - Operating Block, Sterilization, Intensive

Care, Interventional cardiology

Floor 2: - Operating Block, Neonatology, Maternity

Floor 3: - Gynecology, Pediatrics

Floor 4: - Internal medicine

Floor 5: - Cardiology, Surgery and Neurology

Floor 6: - Pharmacy, Administrative spaces, Technical

spaces, Warehouse KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 6

Situation plan

ARCHITECTURE – General Data

The new building will be classified as:

- Importance category: “A” - exceptional,

according to HG 766/1997;

- Importance class: “I” – buildings with

essential functions, according to P100/1-

2006;

- Degree of fire resistance: “II” – according

to P118-99;

- Fire risk: “LOW”, according to P118-99.

Situation plan

1.1 New hospital main building

1.2 Decontamination building

1.3 Sewage treatment plant

1.4 Water pumping station

1.5 Oxygen station

1.6 Chiller platform KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 7

HVAC System – Operating Block

HVAC – Operating rooms

Introducing air in the operating rooms will be

made by vertical unidirectional flow stainless steel filtering

ceiling, equipped with HEPA 14 type filters.

Evacuation of air from operating rooms will be

made by grills mounted on the walls, which will evacuate

25% of the flow in the upper side of the room and 75% in

the lower side, with the lower side grills placed at 10‐15

cm above the floor. The grills will be made of anodised

aluminum and fitted with adjustable louvers.

In the operating rooms, a controlled overpressure

between +10 ÷20 Pa will be maintained by a differential

pressure controller and a variable flow valve placed in the

aspiration channel, so that the flow of air evacuated from

the room can be reduced to insure the desired level of

overpressure.

When not in use, the fresh air intake in the

operating rooms and the afferent rooms will be kept at 50%

of the nominal flow. Reducing the flow in the operating

rooms will be made from the surgeon`s panel for each

room.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 8

HVAC System – Intensive care and sterile rooms

HVAC - Intensive Care Rooms and Sterile Rooms

The treatment of air ventilated from the

intensive care spaces will be made by a treatment plant

located in the technical area.

The air intake for the intensive care rooms,

post/ preop spaces and sterilization rooms for doctors

and medical instruments will be made with swirl type/ 4

directions diffusers and induction units placed in the

false ceiling, fitted with HEPA 13 filters. The air will be

evacuated with swirl type/ 4 directions diffusers placed

in the false ceiling.

When not in use, the fresh air intake in the

intensive care rooms will be kept at 50% of the nominal

flow.

Constant flow valves were fitted, with on/ off

servo motors through which one can switch from

minimum to maximum (50-100%). The servo motors are

controlled from a switch by the technical personnel in

charge with operating the installation.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 9

Laboratory area – basement

The national biosafety guide for medical laboratories, in the 2005 edition,

makes the following classification based on a complex of characteristics

regarding the design and construction of a laboratory, the security level,

equipments and operational procedures implied in the manipulation of micro-

organisms from various groups of risk. From the point of view of biosafety, the

laboratories are classified as follows:

- basic -Biosafety level 1

- basic - Biosafety level 2

- security - Biosafety level 3

- high security - Biosafety level 4

Laboratory area – ventilation systems

The fresh air is provided by a treatment plant with variable flow, ATP

13, with an intake/ exhaust airflow rate of 5100 cm/h at a simultaneity of 100%.

The necessary supply of air is of 5 changes/h.

Thus the minimal fresh air flow rates are ensured and during summer

the cooling load is also partially ensured, the air being introduced at a constant

temperature of 20 °C .

Each laboratory will be fitted with a differential pressure control

system, which will maintain the depression to the adjacent corridor of minimum

10 Pa. The variable flow valves may be closed 100% and so the ventilation in

each laboratory can be shut off independently.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 10

BMS – Pumping stations

Building Management System- BMS

During the construction of the electrical installations, a

Building Management System (BMS) will be installed,

to ensure the automated functioning, control and

survey of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning

systems, of maintaining the pressure difference

between clean rooms or with air pollution risks and the

adjacent ones, of the utility installations, lighting

command and the survey of the electrical distribution

boards.

The design of the BMS was made based on the data

regarding the heating, ventilation and air conditioning

installations, on data regarding lighting installations

and utility systems and architectural design.

The BMS is an efficient tool to optimize the energy

consumptions and its parameters must be set so that

while ensuring the designed functioning parameters

(temperatures, levels of lighting, pressures etc.) it will

minimize the energy consumption of the installations.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 11

BMS Floor 1, ATP Operating Block

Selecting air treatment plants for Clean rooms

The air treatment plants have been selected according

to Ecodesign Directive ErP 1253, 1254/ 2018 and have been

fitted with G4 type filters placed before the air treatment plant

and with F7 type placed after the air intake fan, while the

terminal distribution units in the rooms will be fitted with HEPA

14 and HEPA 13 type filters.

The installations will run without air recirculation, the

introduced air will be 100% exterior air.

The air treatment plant, in hygienic execution, will be

fitted with intermediate fluid heat recuperator, with steam

humidifier module, heating and reheating battery, cooling

battery, intake and exhaust fans and will have 2 filtration stages

on the intake.

The treatment plants will be fitted with regulating

devices to maintain a constant flow of intake air no matter the

clogging degree (monitored in a prescribed domain) of the filters

in the 3 stages of filtration and regulating devices to maintain a

higher level of pressure in the rooms with higher aseptic level

located near rooms with lower aseptic level.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 12

Thermal plant and heating distribution

Heating is provided by a thermal plant in the

basement, comprising 3 steel boilers (3 x 900 = 2700

kW ) fitted with dual burners with gas fuel

(modulating) and diesel (two-stage) injection. The

main fuel is methane gas, while diesel is only used in

case of gas supply interruption. The boilers work in a

cascade system, controlled by BMS to maintain a

constant temperature of 70 ± 1 °C on the common

flow. BMS also allows the rotation of the lead boiler

after a number of operating hours, to even out wear

and tear of the equipments. The boiler circulation

pumps run continuously with constant flow even if

burners are shut down, so that the thermal flow

provided by the TP is constant. In order to supply the

vital consumers it is necessary to have two out of

three boilers functioning.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 13

Chiller plant and cooling distribution

Cooling is provided by 3 air-cooled chillers (3 x

800Kw = 2400 Kw) mounted on the exterior.

The chiller compressors are of screw type and run

with a frequency converter in a power range of 15%...100%

to maintain a constant temperature of 5°C on the flow.

The cascading of chillers is made by BMS to

maintain the temperature of the primary flow to a preset

value of 5°C.

Next to the chillers is the room of the circulation

pumps for the primary cooling agent – ethylene glycol 40% -

5/105°C. There are 3 active pumps and one in reserve. The

motors are fitted with a frequency converter. The command

to cascade the pumps is given by BMS in order to keep a

constant temperature drop of 5°C between flow and return.

In order to supply the vital consumers it is

necessary to have one out of three chillers functioning.

During winter, the chillers function in the free-

cooling mode.

The chillers come with the “low noise” function

during the night and with silent axial fans for condenser

cooling.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 14

Domestic Hot Water preparation with solar panels system

Domestic Hot Water preparation - DHW

Domestic hot water preparation is made in semi-instantaneous

regime, by 2 plate heat exchanger and 5 accumulation tanks of

1000 litres each from two sources: one is classic (heating circuit

from the thermal plant), the other is renewable (solar energy) 150

kW in summer period.

Solar panels system for DHW preparation – four modules of 20

solar panels each, with a surface of cca 2,3 m2 (IT – FT 039). They

are mounted on the top of C1 building (above the 4th floor)

oriented to SV, horizontal distance between panels is 2,5m and the

tilt angle is 45 degrees. The thermal energy is transported to the

serpentines of the 2 boilers. The maximum thermal power of the

solar installation is about 150kW – solar thermal liquid 70/55°C.

(maximum temperature 130 °C). Active pump + reserve (4th floor –

DHW preparation area), rotated by BMS after a number of

operating hours, to even out wear and tear. The circulation pumps

function in on-off automated regime at the command of the BMS,

according to the temperature difference between the water in the

solar panels and in the boilers (td start = 7°C, td stop = 1°C). To

avoid overheating of the water in the boilers, the superior

accumulation temperature is limited to 65 °C, when the active

pump of the solar installation is turned off even if the condition of

the temperature difference between panels and boilers is met.KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 15

HVAC Systems - Wards - BIM

BIM (Building Information Modeling)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the

process of creating and using coordinated,

consequent and calculable information about a

construction project. This concept has modified

the way in which professionals all around the

world see how technology can be applied in the

domain of building design, construction and

management.

The BIM concept is based on using a

unique 3D informational model made up of

intelligent objects, from which one can extract

complete information at any moment. Between

the 3D model and various images, sections,

plans, lists etc. there are bi-directional links, so

that a modification in one place will

automatically reflect in the whole project, thus

reducing errors, saving time and maintaining the

accuracy of the project.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 16

BEM and BIM

BEM (Building Energy Modeling)

BEM is a simulation of a building from the energy

point of view, based on a software that takes into

account the building physics. The inputs of a BEM

program are data about the geometry, the construction

materials and lighting, HVAC, cooling and water

heating systems, systems for generating renewable

energy, the efficiency of the components and the

strategies for control. It also takes into account the

purpose and function of the building, including the

occupancy schedules and lighting and temperature

settings. A BEM program combines these inputs with

data about local weather and uses physics equations

to calculate thermal loads, the systems response to

these loads and the resulting energy utilization,

together with the parameters of occupants comfort

and energy costs. The BEM programs perform the

simulation having climatic data about the concerned

area that are measured along a whole year at an hour

or even shorter interval. The programs also show the

systems interactions, such as the interactions between

the lighting and the heating/ cooling systems. KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 17

BEM and BIM

BEM (Building Energy Modeling)

VABI SOFTWARE

With the help of the VABI software one

can rapidly create an exact 3D model of a

building and then obtain a calculation on a

dynamic simulation model in order to evaluate

the energy performance of a building and the

interior thermal comfort. That calculation takes

into consideration detailed information about

materials and processes, as well as occupancy

rate and work schedules.

The software offers a simulated

medium in which recorded data from existent

buildings can be compared. The obtained model

can be used to test various scenarios for the

entire building, or just for a certain area or level,

in order to identify possible energy efficiency

issues and optimise them.

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 18

BUILT ENVIRONMENT FACING CLIMATE CHANGE

Thank you!

Dr. Eng. Ioan Silviu Doboși

KGH Belgrade 5-7 December 2018 20