Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned & Implications for Crisis Management Kathleen Tierney Professor,...
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Transcript of Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned & Implications for Crisis Management Kathleen Tierney Professor,...
Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned& Implications for Crisis Management
Kathleen TierneyProfessor, Department of Sociology & Institute of Behavioral ScienceDirector, Natural Hazards CenterUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Graduate School Advisory CouncilUniversity of Colorado at Boulder April 28,2006
Presentation ThemesPresentation Themes
Hurricane ImpactsHurricane Impacts
Broad Issues of Broad Issues of National Concern and National Concern and Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
Implications for Implications for Future Disasters & Future Disasters & Catastrophic EventsCatastrophic Events
Portrait of a Catastrophic StormPortrait of a Catastrophic Storm
Third Major Hurricane, First Category 5 of 2005 Third Major Hurricane, First Category 5 of 2005 SeasonSeason
Among Strongest Hurricanes to Ever Make Among Strongest Hurricanes to Ever Make Landfall in the U. S.Landfall in the U. S.
Two Landfalls: Florida (Aug. 25), Gulf Coast Two Landfalls: Florida (Aug. 25), Gulf Coast (Aug. 29)(Aug. 29)
200 Miles of Coastline Affected by Storm Surge200 Miles of Coastline Affected by Storm Surge
Portrait of a Catastrophic StormPortrait of a Catastrophic Storm
Estimated 1,319 Killed—But Many Still Missing Estimated 1,319 Killed—But Many Still Missing
Bodies Continue to be Found, and Katrina Bodies Continue to be Found, and Katrina Continues to KillContinues to Kill
At Least 7,500 Injuries, Illnesses in First MonthAt Least 7,500 Injuries, Illnesses in First Month
Failure of Levee System and Inadequate Failure of Levee System and Inadequate Emergency Procedures in New Orleans Largest Emergency Procedures in New Orleans Largest Contributors to Life LossContributors to Life Loss
Portrait of a Catastrophic StormPortrait of a Catastrophic Storm
416,000 Housing Units Destroyed416,000 Housing Units Destroyed
85,000 Units with Major Damage85,000 Units with Major Damage
About Half of Those Destroyed were Rental UnitsAbout Half of Those Destroyed were Rental Units—as High as 55% in New Orleans—as High as 55% in New Orleans
71% of Lost Units Were in the Low Income or 71% of Lost Units Were in the Low Income or “Affordable Housing” Range“Affordable Housing” Range
Portrait of a Catastrophic StormPortrait of a Catastrophic Storm
Estimated Insured Losses: $40-60 BillionEstimated Insured Losses: $40-60 Billion
Total Estimated Losses: Over $125 BillionTotal Estimated Losses: Over $125 Billion
163,000 Businesses in Area Affected by Katrina 163,000 Businesses in Area Affected by Katrina and Ritaand Rita
2.7 Million Jobs Initially Affected2.7 Million Jobs Initially Affected
Better Statistics on Katrina’s Impacts on Better Statistics on Katrina’s Impacts on Businesses, Employment, Wages NeededBusinesses, Employment, Wages Needed
Lessons Learned—and Re-LearnedLessons Learned—and Re-Learned
Emergencies, Disasters, and Catastrophes Are Emergencies, Disasters, and Catastrophes Are Qualitatively DifferentQualitatively Different
Social Inequality, Vulnerability Structure Disaster LossesSocial Inequality, Vulnerability Structure Disaster Losses—Relevance of Vulnerability Science—Relevance of Vulnerability Science
The Nation Has No Effective Plan for Responding to The Nation Has No Effective Plan for Responding to CatastrophesCatastrophes
““Elite Panic”—Rather than Public Panic—Is a Major Elite Panic”—Rather than Public Panic—Is a Major Problem in Large-Scale DisastersProblem in Large-Scale Disasters
Emergencies, Disasters, and CatastrophesEmergencies, Disasters, and Catastrophes
EmergenciesEmergencies Disasters Disasters CatastrophesCatastrophes
Impacts LocalizedImpacts Localized Impacts Widespread, SevereImpacts Widespread, Severe Extremely Large Physical Extremely Large Physical and Social Impactsand Social Impacts
Response Mainly LocalResponse Mainly Local Response Multi-Response Multi-Jurisdictional, Jurisdictional, Intergovernmental,Intergovernmental,
But Bottom-UpBut Bottom-Up
Response Requires Federal Response Requires Federal Initiative, Pro-Active Initiative, Pro-Active ResponseResponse
Standard Operating Standard Operating Procedures UsedProcedures Used
Disaster Plans Put Into Disaster Plans Put Into Effect—But Challenges Effect—But Challenges RemainRemain
Massive Challenges Exceed Massive Challenges Exceed Those Envisioned in Those Envisioned in Standard PlansStandard Plans
Vast Majority of Response Vast Majority of Response Resources Are UnaffectedResources Are Unaffected
Extensive Damage to, Extensive Damage to, Disruption of, Key Disruption of, Key Emergency ServicesEmergency Services
Emergency Response Emergency Response System Paralyzed at Local System Paralyzed at Local and Even State Levelsand Even State Levels
Public Generally Not Public Generally Not Involved in ResponseInvolved in Response
Public Extensively Involved Public Extensively Involved in Responsein Response
Public Extensively Involved Public Extensively Involved in Responsein Response
No Significant Recovery No Significant Recovery ChallengesChallenges
Major Recovery ChallengesMajor Recovery Challenges Cascading Long-Term Cascading Long-Term Effects, With Massive Effects, With Massive Recovery ChallengesRecovery Challenges
Importance of the Vulnerability Importance of the Vulnerability Science PerspectiveScience Perspective
Victimization, Damage Victimization, Damage Result from the Intersection Result from the Intersection of Three Sets of Factors:of Three Sets of Factors:
Vulnerability of PlaceVulnerability of Place
Vulnerable Built Vulnerable Built EnvironmentEnvironment
Vulnerable Populations—a Vulnerable Populations—a Construct that Includes Construct that Includes Social Class, Race, Health Social Class, Race, Health Status, Integration into Status, Integration into “Mainstream” Society, “Mainstream” Society, Social and Cultural CapitalSocial and Cultural Capital
The Nation Has No Effective Procedures for The Nation Has No Effective Procedures for Responding to CatastrophesResponding to Catastrophes
Planning Process for Current Federal Plans Was Planning Process for Current Federal Plans Was Inadequate, Hasty, Lacking Expert InputInadequate, Hasty, Lacking Expert Input
All Planning Scenarios Assume that Key Officials All Planning Scenarios Assume that Key Officials Will Recognize a Catastrophe When They See One!Will Recognize a Catastrophe When They See One!
Federal Planning Highly Myopic With Respect to Federal Planning Highly Myopic With Respect to TerrorismTerrorism
Plans as “Fantasy DocumentsPlans as “Fantasy Documents” ” (Clarke, 1999)(Clarke, 1999)
Disasters and “Elite Panic”Disasters and “Elite Panic”
Elites Fear Disruption of the Social Order, Elites Fear Disruption of the Social Order, Challenges to Their LegitimacyChallenges to Their Legitimacy
Forms of Elite Panic in Major Crises:Forms of Elite Panic in Major Crises:
Fear of Social DisorderFear of Social DisorderFear of Poor, Minorities, ImmigrantsFear of Poor, Minorities, ImmigrantsObsession With Looting, Property CrimeObsession With Looting, Property CrimeWillingness to Resort to Deadly ForceWillingness to Resort to Deadly ForceActions Taken on the Basis of Rumor, Urban Actions Taken on the Basis of Rumor, Urban Legends, Racial/Ethnic PrejudiceLegends, Racial/Ethnic Prejudice
After Katrina: Elite Panic ContinuesAfter Katrina: Elite Panic Continues
Scapegoating, “Blame Game”Scapegoating, “Blame Game”
““Search for Answers”: Congress and White House Search for Answers”: Congress and White House Investigate KatrinaInvestigate Katrina
Numerous “Lessons Learned” Reports—But Will Numerous “Lessons Learned” Reports—But Will Responsible Agencies Actually LearnResponsible Agencies Actually Learn
Question:Question:
If the U. S. Intergovernmental System Could Not If the U. S. Intergovernmental System Could Not Respond Effectively to a Catastrophic Natural Respond Effectively to a Catastrophic Natural Disaster for Which it Had Many Days of Warning, Disaster for Which it Had Many Days of Warning, How Well Will it Respond to Suddenly-Occurring How Well Will it Respond to Suddenly-Occurring
Events, Unfamiliar Hazards?Events, Unfamiliar Hazards?
Question:Question:
To What Extent Will the Poor and People of Color Trust and Heed Government Instructions, Guidance in Future Crises—e.g., Avian Flu. Bioterrorism?
Question:Question:
What Are the Likely Consequences of Elite What Are the Likely Consequences of Elite Panic in Future Large-Scale Disasters, Panic in Future Large-Scale Disasters, Other Extreme Events, e.g., Disease Other Extreme Events, e.g., Disease Outbreaks, Pandemics?Outbreaks, Pandemics?
Questions:Questions:
How Will Institutions Respond to the How Will Institutions Respond to the “Lessons” of Hurricane Katrina? What “Lessons” of Hurricane Katrina? What New Initiatives are on the Way, and Whose New Initiatives are on the Way, and Whose Interests Will They Serve? Will They Help Interests Will They Serve? Will They Help or Make Matters Worse?or Make Matters Worse?
What New Pain & Suffering Will the 2006 Hurricane Season Bring?
Question:
Natural Hazards CenterNatural Hazards Center
Institute of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of Behavioral ScienceProgram on Environment &Program on Environment &SocietySocietyUniversity of Colorado University of Colorado 482 UCB482 UCBBoulder, CO 80309-0482Boulder, CO 80309-0482
Phone: (303) 492-6818Phone: (303) 492-6818
Web: www.colorado.edu/hazardsWeb: www.colorado.edu/hazards