Society of Economic Geologists (Society of Economic Geologists (SEGSEG))

Advancing Science & DiscoveryAdvancing Science & Discovery

•• Representing Representing 5300 5300 members in members in 100 100 countriescountries

•• Members from industry (~Members from industry (~22//33) and research (~) and research (~11//33))

•• Advance the science of economic geology Advance the science of economic geology

•• HighHigh--quality conferences, seminars, publications (Economic Geologyquality conferences, seminars, publications (Economic Geology))

•• Assists in the development of all economic geologists Assists in the development of all economic geologists

•• Short courses, workshops, field tripsShort courses, workshops, field trips

•• Provides a network of colleagues; promotes Provides a network of colleagues; promotes excellenceexcellence

•• Student supportStudent support

•• An introduction to the professionAn introduction to the profession

•• Network and mentors Network and mentors

•• Many educational and funding opportunitiesMany educational and funding opportunities

Hunt for Ore Deposits - Recent Findings and Current TrendsSurigao, Philippines

D.J.Kirwin : June 9-10th, 2011

Diatreme breccia, Rosia Montana, Romania

MAAR

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v

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Generalised model of a Maar Volcano/Diatreme illustrating

the position of various breccia types within a diatreme system

VENT

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Vent explosion, Ukinrek Maar, Alaska, 1977(Photo - R. Russell on 6 April 1977, Alaska Department of Fish and Game)

Ukinrek Maar, Alaska (Photo - C. Nye)

Tower Hill, near Warrnambool, western Victoria, Australia. A maar volcano with several scoria cones. The volcano erupted approximately 25,000 years ago.

(photo – Victoria Museum)

The maar deposits are well exposed in this wall and consist mainly of The maar deposits are well exposed in this wall and consist mainly of

phreatomagmatic deposits interspersed with magmatic (scoria) deposits.phreatomagmatic deposits interspersed with magmatic (scoria) deposits.

Tower Hill maar structure, Victoria, Australia.Tower Hill maar structure, Victoria, Australia.

(photo – Victoria Museum)

The maar deposits consist of basaltic ash, lapilli, bombs, and country rock fragments

derived from the underlying Tertiary Port Campbell Limestone.

Tower Hill marr, Victoria, Australia. (photo – Victoria Museum)

TERMINOLOGY

Volcaniclastic Kimberlite

Pyroclastic kimberlite

Resedimented kimberlite

Diatreme kimberlite

(From Mitchell, 1986)

Hypabyssal Kimberlite

Dykes, Sills, Sheets, Root zones

Orapa Diamond Mine, Botswana

Bedded Kimberlite, Orapa Diamond Mine, BotswanaBedded Kimberlite, Orapa Diamond Mine, Botswana Basement Basement megamega--clastclast ((66xx44xx44mm –– 170170TT)) -- OrapaOrapa Diamond MineDiamond Mine, Botswana, BotswanaBasement Basement megamega--clastclast ((66xx44xx44mm –– 170170TT)) -- OrapaOrapa Diamond MineDiamond Mine, Botswana, Botswana

(From Jensen, 2003)1 km Cresson Pit in July 2000. (From Jensen, 2003)

Cresson mine manager

Dick Roelofs showing

the Cresson Vug to an

amazed Hildreth Frost

and Ed De La Vergne

on November 26,1914,on November 26,1914,

as depicted in a

contemporary woodcut

engraving.

(Reprinted in Beebe and

Clegg, 1955)

Generalized outline of the

Cresson blowout showing

the location of the Vug.

Modified from Loughlin

and Koschmann (1935).

8x4x10m – 35,000 oz/month

3-D portrayal of Cresson

Pipe, looking north.

Note elliptical-shaped cross

section, and bifurcation at depth.section, and bifurcation at depth.

Shape along the margin of the pipe

are shown in red.

(From Jensen, 2003)

Oblique section through one of the

lamprophyre breccia pipes in the

‘Trail system’.

Note the large egg-shaped, rafted

blocks of porphyritic phonolite with

pervasive K-feldspar + specularite

alteration (purple color).

(From Jensen, 2003)

Diatreme Breccia, Cripple Creek-CC3, Colorado, USA (From Jensen, 2003)

Montana Mineral Deposits Map, USA Montana Tunnels Au Mine, USA

Carbonised Wood Clasts, Montana Tunnels Au Mine, USA Diatreme Breccia, Montana Tunnels Au Mine, USA

Baia Mare Au districtBaia Mare Au district

Rosia Montana, Golden Quadrilateral

(From Cornelius, 2005)

100 m

Diatreme Breccia, Boldut Mine, Cavnic, Baia Mare, Romania

Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, China

Diatreme Diatreme BBrecciareccia,, Maar Maar FFaciesacies, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, , Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, ChinaChina

Diatreme Diatreme BBrecciareccia,, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, ChinaChina

Late Late Stage Stage SphaleriteSphalerite Veins,Veins, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, ChinaChina

SulphideSulphide MatrixMatrix MineralisationMineralisation,, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, Gengzhuang Au Mine, Shanxi Province, ChinaChina

Borneo Geology Map, Indonesia Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Stratigraphic Section of Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Kelian Au Mine, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Whispy textured juvenile clasts

Accretionary balls in rock flour matrix

Matrix supported lithic

Philippines

(Adapted from

Mitchell & Leach, 1991)

Emma & Heine Pits,

Placer Au Mine,

Mindanao

Placer Geology

Diatreme Breccia, Heine Pit, Placer Au Mine

Limestone Clasts, Heine Diatreme, Placer Au Mine

Carbonaceous Zone,

Heine Pit, Placer Au Mine,

Mindanao

Diatreme Breccia, Ntina, Placer Lake Leonard Diatreme, North Davao, Philippines

Tuff Apron Lake Leonard Diatreme, Mindanao, PhilippinesTuff Apron Lake Leonard Diatreme, Mindanao, Philippines

Philsaga Mining Corporation Location Map, East Mindanao

Tambis Geology Map,

East Mindanao

DiatremeDiatreme Breccias Outcrop, Breccias Outcrop, TambisTambis

Diatreme Breccias, Tambis

MaarMaar Sediments, Sediments, TambisTambis

Maar Sediments with Carbonaceous Layers, Tambis

Maar Sediments with Carbonaceous Layers, Tambis

Interpreted Tambis intrusive-breccia complex schematic section

(from Medusa Mining website)

Wafi - Golpu, Papua New Guinea(from Harmony website)

• Major mineralised system with multiple phases

Copper - Gold

Gold

• The system currently contains resources comprising 644 Mt :

16 Moz Gold

Exploration Potential

16 Moz Gold

4.8 Mt Copper

55 Kt Molybdenum

39 Moz Au Eqv.*

• Excellent near mine and regional exploration potential

✱ refer Harmony or Newcrest website for July 2010 resource statement . Resource figures quoted as 100%. Gold equivalent based on US$ 950 oz Au, US$4,412/t Cu at 100% recovery for both metals. Molybdenum not included in metal equivalents. (from Harmony website)

Resource Characteristics

• GOLPU

Large copper gold

porphyry-high grade

Cylindrical shape

amenable to block

caving

* Gold equivalent is calculated using a gold price of US$950/oz Au and US$4,412/t Cu at 100% recovery for both metals

Wafi

Golpu

• WAFI

Structurally controlled

epithermal gold

deposit

High sulphidation

system (+oxide)

(from Harmony website)

Open Along Strike - Recent Success, March 2011 (from Harmony website)Critical Assessment of the Facts..

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