Hungarian ViticultureHungarian Viticulture

2015. február 4.

Dr. Bisztray GyörgyDr. Bisztray Györgytanszékvezető egyetemi tanár, BCE Szőlőtermesztési Tanszék

The origin of grapevine

History of Hungarian Viticulture

Structure (Present and future)

The history of the grapevine

• The oldest crop in the world• Transcaucasia (Turkey, Armenia, and

Iran)

• The history of the growing:– neolit age,– 6 – 8000 years ago– dioecious plant – small blue berries

Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel.

The cradle of grapevine growing

Samples of wild grapes in forest number 1 (Khachmaz d.)

Mirza Musayev and Zeynal Akparov © 2013 Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Sumer• South part of Mesopotamia:

Sumer

• 4000 B.C.

• The wine is a sacrificial drink

• Punctuation marks:– Grapevine shoot with tendril

= grape; wine; life

Armenia• Noah’s ark land to the Ararat

• Home of the grapevine growing– Noah planted grapevine

• Thousand years old seeds

• Greek regions – Italy – West-Europe

• North Africa – Gibraltar

• To east from West-Asia – China, India

The way of the grapevine

New Ages• 1492 – Exploration of America

The spread of the grapevine growing in the world

South-Africa (1659)

• Australia – the begining of the XIX.th century

The spread of the grapevine growing in the world

• After 1000 the way is open before the spread of the culture of grapevine and winemaking

• Foreign growers

(bavaria, walloon,

frank), and wine sellers

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• Matthias Corvinus (1458 – 1490)

• The decrees develop the grapevine growing

• Hungary is the leader country of the grapevine growing

• New cultivars new methods

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• Turkish domination during 150 years after the battle of Mohacs

• Revive of Tokaj

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• 1650 Laczkó Máté Szepsi – the first aszu wine• Zsuzsanna Lórántffy

1655 – law for the separated collection of aszu berries

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• After 1686 – Rebuilding of the vineyards after the Turkish

domination

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• Maria TheresaThe protection of the sandy regions from swifting

sand with grapevine planting

• Ferenc I. – Until the Phylloxera crisis 55 000 ha grapevine

in the Great Hungarian Plain.

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• Károly Keleti made statistical measurement about the grapevine regions before the Phylloxera crisis (1860 – 1875)

– Hungary (Croatia – Slavonia and Transylvania)• 400 000 ha• 4 – 18 million hl

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

The appearence of the phyloxera, the powdery mildrew, and the peronospora in

Hungray and in Europe

Europe Hungary

Powdery milldrew

Glasshouse: England, Tucker - 1845

Vineyard:

France -1850

Buda – 1853 (Bugát Pál)

Phylloxera France – 1860 Pozsony, 1872 (?)

Pancsova (1875)

Peronospora France - 1878 Medgyes, 1880

• 1880 National

Phylloxera Commission

• 1896 „Law for plantation”

• 1897 The top of the Phylloxera

• 1920 Trianon

– Hungary lost 30% of vineyards

and 60% of population who drinks wine

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• 1939 – 1945 – 235 000 ha– Because of the war the vineyards and barrel

stocks damage

• 1946 – Agrarian reform– 500 000 owners share the Hungarian

vineyards

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• 1960 – 1965 – II. „five-year” plan – grapevine reconstruction– The grapevine region increase 247 000 ha

• 1970– The high training systems

started to be received

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• 1985 – 1989

- Frost damages

- Gorbacsov’s arrangements

- Decreasing of the Hungarian wine consumption

20 liter/person/year

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

• After the political changing:– The number of the vine regions increase to 22– Privatization, Compensations– The grapevine regions decrease to 70 000 ha

The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary

The 10 most important white vine varieties

1355

1387

1582

1610

1708

2562

3906

3946

4117

4622

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Zöld veltelíni

Aletta

Szürkebarát

Hárslevelű

Rizlingszilváni

Chardonnay

Olasz rizling

Furmint

Cserszegi fűszeres

Bianca

Területnagyság (ha)27

The 10 most important red vine varieties

203

380

442

1080

1089

1349

1753

1923

2774

7152

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Syrah

Kadarka

Blauburger

Kékoportó

Pinot noir

Cabernet franc

Zweigelt

Merlot

Cabernet sauvignon

Kékfrankos

Területnagyság (ha)28

Autochton and International Autochton and International varietiesvarieties

23%

77%

Autochton Világfajta

Medals on international Medals on international wine challengeswine challenges

Nemzetközi borversenyen magyar érmes borok aránya

80%

20%

autochton világfajta

The Hungarian viticulture has great tradition

Hungarian vines offer colorfull range of winestyles