HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 Development and evaluation of a driver coaching function for...
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Transcript of HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 Development and evaluation of a driver coaching function for...
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014
Development and evaluation of a driver coaching function for electric vehicles
Dr. Marcus SCHMITZ
Vienna, 05.06.2014
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 3
Eco-driving approaches
Feedback mode
- Visual (e.g. screen, HUD)
- Haptic (e.g. active acceleration pedal)
- Acoustic
- eACC
Feedback timing
- Before trip (e.g. tips for efficient driving)
- During trip (e.g. information on current consumption)
- After trip (e.g. information on total consumption, costs)
Implementation
- Integrated
- Mobile device
Functionality
- General feedback
- Context-sensitive/situation-adaptive feedback
Content of feedback
- Recommendations for efficient driving
- Feedback on actual driving efficiency
- Presentation of efficient route
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 4
• Integrated approach with visual icons via head-up display
• Real-time feedback during trip
• Situation specific advices -> possibility to change driving behavior immediately
• Possibility of advice free driving -> reducing workload and distraction
• Considering safety critical aspects of driving
• Specific advices for electric vehicles
eFuture ”Driver coaching function”
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 5
Real-time driver coaching
Coaching advices1. Acceleration behavior2. Legal speed limit3. Speed behavior when approaching curves4. Achieving new target speed5. Speed behavior when approaching downhill sections6. Car following
Optimal behavior Actual behavior
Evaluation
Surrounding traffic
Traffic signs/rules
Topography
Energy consumption
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 7
• Research questions – Is there an significant impact of the specific real-time coaching on
energy consumption (in comparison to unspecific coaching or sole verbal instruction)?
– Does the specific real-time coaching change the driving behavior?
– How do drivers evaluate the acceptance of specific real-time coaching?
Evaluation study
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 8
• Study design
Evaluation study
Experimental Condition Baseline Eco-drive
Specific real-time advices
BAS(no instruction)
COA(verbal instructions + specific real-time advices)
Consumption scale BAS(no instruction)
SKA(verbal instructions + consumption scale)
Verbal instruction BAS(no instruction)
VER(verbal instructions only)
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014
Coaching approaches
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Coaching advices - COA Consumption scale - SKA Verbal instruction - VER
Omit hard accelerating
Do not exceed the current legal speed limit
Keep constant speed while negotiating a curve
Decelerate by means of the electric brakeTry to omit hydraulic braking by means of anticipatory drivingSail over hilltops / sail when driving downhill in order to gain speedKeep a sufficient distance to leading vehicles in order to omit velocity fluctuations
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014
Simulator
• Simulator – WIVW Driving simulator
Electric vehicle model with combined pedal solution
Measurement of energy consumption, acceptance/usability, and driving behavior
– Specific advices and consumption scale via head-up display
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HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014
Track & sample
• Track– 15 km test track including several
changes of speed limit, sharp curves, in-/declines, car following, and intersections
• Sample– N = 30 (16 women, 14 men)– Age: m = 33 years (sd = 14 years)
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HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 13
Results – Energy consumption
• Baseline: no difference between groups
• Each method reduced significantly energy consumption
• No difference regarding energy consumption between feedback conditions
F(2, 27) = 1.83, p = .180
Energy consumption
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 14
Results – Driving behaviour
F(2, 27) = 3.94, p = .032 F(2, 27) = 5.85, p = .008
Velocity Positive acceleration
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 15
Results – Driving behaviour
F(2, 27) = 2.86, p = .075 F(2, 27) = 2.46, p = .105
Deceleration Sailing
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 16
Results – Acceptance
• Drivers assessed specific online coaching to be helpful
• Subjective improvement of driving style and efficiency
• Advices were rated to be – not frustrating – not disturbing – not distracting – quite motivating – understandable
• Drivers criticised velocity advice to be too restrictive
• Need to increase accuracy of the recuperation advice as participants sometimes reached the according velocity too early or too late.
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014 18
• Real-time feedback is acceptable and seen as more effective than the verbal instructions
• No difference regarding energy consumption between feedback groups
• Feedback type has significant impact on driving style
-> Recommendation for specific real-time feedback
• Long-term usage studies have to show impact on familiar and unfamiliar routes
• Further studies have to show which advices can be replaced by the active accelerator pedal workload reduction
• Drivers ask for more information about saved energy/saved miles
Conclusion
HUMANIST 2014 – Vienna – 05.06.2014
Many thanks!Würzburger Institut für Verkehrswissenschaften GmbH (WIVW)
Robert-Bosch-Str. 4
97209 Veitshöchheim
Tel.: +49-(0)931-78009-116
Fax: +49-(0)931-78009150
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Marcus SCHMITZ
Dipl.-Psych. Monika JAGIELLOWICZ
Dipl.-Ing. Michael HANIG
Cand.-Psych. Thomas HAMMER