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Transcript of Human-to-Human Relationship Model Travelbee extended the interpersonal relationship theories of:...
Joyce Travelbee: The Story of a
New Orleans Nurse Theorist
by
Deborah Garbee, PhD, APRN, BC and
Dianna Hutto Douglas, DNS APRN-CNS
Human-to-Human Relationship Model Travelbee extended the interpersonal relationship theories of:
Peplau Orlando
Unique FocusWith emphasis on Caring Travelbee’s theory stresses:EmpathySympathyRapportThe Emotional Aspects of Nursing
Communication
Communication is the Vehicle through which
Nurse-Patient Relationships are
established.
The Relationship
A “mutually significant meaningful relationship” (p. 125) through which the nursing needs of the individual (or family member) are met (Travelbee, 1966)
Phases of the RelationshipOriginal EncounterEmerging IdentitiesEmpathySympathyRapport
EmpathyTo Travelbee Empathy is a verb, an action word that is:
the nurses most valuable method of communicating with patients ‘operationalzed’ by the nurse within the nurse-patient relationship
To empathize is to gain an intellectual understanding of the mental world and psychological state of another (Travelbee, 1966)
HOW:Empathetic receivers (of communication form others):
Listen to the messageUse own experiences to feel their way into the sender’s
experienceKnow their own thoughts about their experience Use their own thoughts and experiences to become sensitive to
the what the sender is telling themKnow which boundaries exist between their experiences and
thoughts and those of the senderMake a conscious choice to stay with the sender and help them to
bear their experience (Donna, 1979, p. 50)
Sympathy“…A process wherein an individual is able to comprehend the distress of another, be moved or touched by another’s distress, and desires to alleviate the cause. One ‘shares’ in the feelings of another and experiences compassion”.
(Travelbee, 1966, p. 146)
Rapport“The establishment of a nurse-patient
relationship, and the experience that is rapport is the terminus of all nursing endeavor. Rapport is that which is experienced when nurse and patent has progressed through the four interlocking phases preceding rapport and the establishment of a nurse-patient relationship, namely:1. The original encounter2. Emerging identities3. Empathy
4. Sympathy” (Travelbee, 1966, p. 155)
Travelbee’s View of NursingAn interpersonal process between two individuals One needs assistance because of an illnessThe other able to give needed assistance
The Goal of the assistance is to facilitate the individual to:
Cope with the illness situationFind meaning in the experienceGrow from the experience (Travelbee, 1966)
Domain Concepts of Travelbee’s Theory Defined
Nursing “An interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse… assists an
individual… to prevent or cope with… illness and suffering and… find meaning in these experiences” (Travelbee, 1966, pp. 5-6).
Person ...“a unique irreplaceable individual-a one-time being in the world-like yet
unlike any person who has ever lived or ever will live”(Travelbee, 1966, p. 26).
Health “…the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard… without distinction”
(Travelbee, 1966, p.7). “…an individually defined state of well-being in accord with self-appraisal of
physical-emotional-spiritual status” (Travelbee, 1971, p.9).
Environment Not defined
Other Major Concepts of Travelbee’s Theory
CommunicationNurse-Patient Relationship
Human-to-Human RelationshipTherapeutic SelfPerceptionSufferingHopeTranscend SelfSelf-Actualization
A Propositions of Travelbee’s Theory“The Nurse’s perception of the patient is a major factor in determining the quality and quantity of nursing care… rendered to each Patient” (Travelbee, 1966, p. 34).
A Proposition of Travelbee’s Theory“The quality of nursing care given is determined by the nurse’s beliefs about illness, suffering, and death” (Travelbee, 1966, p. 55).
A Proposition of
Travelbee’s Theory“The spiritual values… [and] philosophical beliefs [of nurses] about illness and suffering will determine the extent to which they will be able to help patients find meaning (or no meaning)in these situations” (Travelbee, 1966, p. 55).
Travelbee Life Influences
Education
Honors
Experience
Personal
Travelbee’s Education
Crossman School (Elementary) 1939
Joseph Kohn High School 1943
Charity Hospital School of Nursing
1946
LSU (B.S.N. Ed.) 1956
Yale University (M.S.N.) 1959
Doctoral program enrollment
(Florida, 1973)
Travelbee’s HonorsKappa Delta Pi
Who’s Who in American
Education
Leaders in Science Edition
Teacher of the Year
University of Mississippi SON
1968
Outstanding Alumna Award
Louisiana State University 1970
Travelbee’s ExperienceLSUMC SON Director of Graduate Education
1973
LSUMC SON 1971 – 1973
Hotel Dieu SON Project Director 1969 –
1971
University of Mississippi SON 1966-1969
New York University 1965-1966
LSU SON 1956-1965
Charity Hospital SON 1954-1956
De Paul Hospital Affiliate School 1952-1954
Travelbee Personal
Order of Diacalced
Carmelites Secular
Poetry
Order of Diacalced Carmelites16th Century Reform of
Carmalite Nuns
Reestablish Carmelite
Objectives & Disciplines
St. Teresa of Avila
St. John of the Cross
Known as Contemplative
Carmelites and later Discalced
Carmelites
Order of Diacalced Carmelites Secular
Pervasive Ideas
1. The Secular Rule of Life, Plan
for Spiritual Growth
2. Vocation & Mission
Evangelical Life & Contemplative
Prayer
Apostolic & Contemplative Witness
3. Contemplative Prayer
PoetryUplifting
SoundsNew OrleansThe Dreamer
SorrowMagnoliaThe wind is
White tonightSo?
Mental Health
Patients
Hurry
Inspiration
Sandra
Burnt Sienna
Untitled
ReferencesCatholic University of America (1967). Catholic
Encyclopedia. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company.Donna, M.K., (1979). Intervention in psychiatric
nursing (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
LSU Personnel Records (1971). Biographical Data
Form. New Orleans: LSU.Speziale, H.J. & Carpenter, D.R. (2007). Qualitative
Research in Nursing Advancing the Humanistic Imperative. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Travelbee, J. (n.d.) Poetry. New Orleans. Travelbee, J. (1966). Interpersonal aspects of
nursing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.Travelbee, J. (1971). Interpersonal aspects of
nursing (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.