Human Science

Camilo Atala

Description

What is it?

Human sciences is any discipline that tries to understand human beings and their behavior.

Questions attempted to be answered in Human science…

• - What makes us human and not animals?• - Why do we act in such a manner?• - Where do we come from?• - How do we function as a society?

• Answering these questions may unravel the mysteries of humans.

How humans are studied

• These studies are based mostly through observation, and behavior of individuals confronting a certain problem.

Disciplines considers in Human Sciences and what they study

• -Psychology: Human mental functions and behaviors.

• -Economics: Production, exchange, distribution and consumption of goods in human society.

• -Sociology: Human social structure and activities.

• -Political Science: Theories and practices of politics.

• -Linguistics: Structure and meaning of language.

History

When it was Created/ Important people

• Originated at the ends of the 18 century and beginnings of the 19 century.

• Originated from the importance given to reason as a “weapon of knowledge”.

• Great thinkers such as Montesquieu, Comte, Charles Marx, Adam Smith, & Wilhelm Wundt.

Briefing of Main Human Sciences

• Psychology: On 1879 Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory completely dedicated to psychological investigation. This marked the birth of Modern Psychology.

• Sociology: On 1838 Aguste Comte attempted to unify history, psychology and economics, laying the fundaments of Sociology. Comte has come to be viewed as the "Father of Sociology".

• Economics: The first person to properly study economy as a Human Science was Adam Smith during the mid 1700’s. During these years he defined the basic elements of a national economy where he gave out the basic motive of free trade and human self interest. In 1848 Charles Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto, a document explaining communism a group of ideas that would revolutionize economy as well as the world.

• Political Science: During the Italian Renaissance, Niccolò Machiavelli established the emphasis of modern political science on direct empirical observation of political institutions and actors.

Importance

• Human Science is important because of the fact that it is something we deal with every single day!

• Psychologically: It is how we interpret situations we deal with everyday, and how our brain functions.

• Economically: We deal with money every single day in many situation; like when you pay taxes, when you buy yourself something, or even when you owe someone money.

• Sociologically: How we interact with everyone around us ( teachers, friends, family, etc…), and with the social structure around us.

• Linguistically: Obviously because we use language to interact with people. Some people can be bilingual, trilingual, etc.

Problems/ Limitations

Limitations• The limitations are that human behavior is

based on: 1) Emotion & 2) Reason.• The problem is that every single person has

different emotions and even thinks in a different way or manner.

• Emotions and reason are impossible to study and therefore not included or taken into account.

Limitations

• Human sciences are reductionist in nature; meaning they try to explain complex issues in extremely simple terms.

• Another limitation is caused by ethics.• Ethics prevents human scientists to perform

studies that could give more information in human behavior. Limiting the amount of knowledge that could be learned and discovered through social sciences.

Visual

OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Multimedia

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a8MguIMmCI&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Ftok%2Dbible%2Ewikispaces%2Ecom%2FHuman%2BSciences%2BMultimedia%2BResources&feature=player_embedded#t=105

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx00vjrM68Q&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Ftok%2Dbible%2Ewikispaces%2Ecom%2FHuman%2BSciences%2BMultimedia%2BResources&feature=player_embedded#t=98

• http://www.newopticalillusions.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/horse-or-what-optical-illusions.jpg

• http://ursispaltenstein.ch/blog/images/uploads_img/mighty_optical_illusions.jpg

• http://www.newopticalillusions.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/face-black-and-white-optical-illusion.jpg

• http://loscuatroojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/scary_optical_illusion_count_faces.jpg

• http://www.coolopticalillusions.com/crazy/images/crazy_optical_illusions_old.jpg

• http://www.pjlighthouse.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/amazing-3d-art-optical-illusion-02.jpg

• http://tok-bible.wikispaces.com/file/view/Description+of+Human+Sciences.pdf

• http://tok-bible.wikispaces.com/file/view/History+of+Human+Sciences.pdf• http://science.jrank.org/pages/10771/Political-Science-Importance-

Knowledge.html• http://science.jrank.org/pages/10774/Political-Science-Discipline-Political-

Science.htm• lhttp://tok-bible.wikispaces.com/file/view/

Problems+with+the+Human+Sciences.pdf• http://tok-bible.wikispaces.com/Visual+Stimulus+for+Human+Sciences