Human Rights and Development
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Transcript of Human Rights and Development
human rights and developmentUNDOING WRONGS
Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all th
e rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,
such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or
other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or
other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on
the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international
status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, tr
ust, non-self-
governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, lib
erty and security of
person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and
the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their fo
rms.
Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman
or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a
person before the law.
Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are
entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in
violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the
competent national tribunals for acts violating the
fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by
law.
Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or
exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public
hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in
the
determination of his rights and obligations and of any
criminal charge against him.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted the 10th of December 1948.
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966, Amendment to article 8 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 15 January 1992, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968, International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979, Amendment to article 20, paragraph 1 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 22 December 1995, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984, Amendments to articles 17 (7) and 18 (5) of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment . New York, 8 September 1992, Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 18 December 2002, International Convention against Apartheid in Sports. New York, 10 December 1985, Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989, Amendment to article 43 (2) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 12 December 1995, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000, Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989, International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990, Agreement establishing the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean. Madrid, 24 July 1992, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006It was followed by different treaties.
But it wasn’t until late 1990 it became trendy in development circles.
HUMAN RIGHTSWORLD FASHION DAYS
For example, aid agencies have adopted Human Rights policies …
…and the aid agencies describe their work in terms ofrights rather than aid.
Rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights.
At the same time the definition of development was under review.
Economic growth
development
Human rights based approach to development
That meant a new way to describe and measure development.
$ GDP/capita
GDP/capita HealthEducation Human Rights
$
You may think: ”How should you work to achieve development that includes Human Rights?”
The answer is the Human Rights Based Approach. An approach that is grounded in Human Rights to achieve development that include Human Rights.
Ehhh. What? Quoi? You may say and continue asking:What is Human Rights Based Approach?What are the strengths and weaknesses?Is it useful to use the Human Rights Based Approach
in development cooperation?
Susanna Rudehill has in her Master thesis answered these and other questions.
Susanna explain what the Human Rights Based Approach entails.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
There are four principles of the Human Rights Based Approach to development.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
The development strategies rest on universally recognized moral values.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach1
The development strategies rest on universally recognized moral values.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Participation and Empowerment
Human Approach
But the human rights are the last resort, you have to first use the laws in the nation, before using the human rights
Development is not the aggregated improvements in living conditions of a population in general.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach2
Develoment is not the aggregated improvements in living conditions of a population in general.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
Discrimination and exclusion are root causes for poverty
The people affected by a specific development policy should have an effective role in shaping it.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach3
The people affected by a specific development policy should have an effective role in shaping it.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
'Cause when it's all for one it's one for all.
The states have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the rights.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach4
The states have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the rights.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
Of course, even Human Rights Based Approach has its strengths and weaknesses in practice.
Internation
al legal
obligations
Non-discrimination
Accountability
Participation and Empowerment
Human Rights Based
Approach
A lot of strengths and weaknesses. We will look into some of them.
StrenghtsWeaknesses
Human Rights empowers, it
demands, rather than asking for mercy
Human Rights empowers, it
demands, rather than asking for mercy
Repeating slogans, even good slogans, is not the way to go
Repeating slogans, even good slogans, is not the way to go
There is no equivalent alternative in today’s politics
There is no equivalent alternative in today’s politics
The people here don't tolerate rights which has to do with, sort of come out of their culture, such as tolerating people with an alternative sexual orientation. Ah, ah, ah, they don't talk to you about that! (…) But things like rights to health, right to water, right to this - ahh, no problem. But if it crosses their culture they are very sensitive about it. They want to stick to their culture.
The people here don't tolerate rights which has to do with, sort of come out of their culture, such as tolerating people with an alternative sexual orientation. Ah, ah, ah, they don't talk to you about that! (…) But things like rights to health, right to water, right to this - ahh, no problem. But if it crosses their culture they are very sensitive about it. They want to stick to their culture.
A state's political legitimacy is judged by
the extent to which it respects
the rights of its citizens
A state's political legitimacy is judged by
the extent to which it respects
the rights of its citizens
Human rights have been misused. And unfortunately they have given undemocratic governments ammunition to fight and get rid of their critics
If a small group of nations want to
right the world's wrongs, it is not surprising that people from
other parts of the world associate this
with nineteenth-century colonialism
If a small group of nations want to
right the world's wrongs, it is not surprising that people from
other parts of the world associate this
with nineteenth-century colonialism
We must demand substantive, not historical
arguments, for accepting
or rejecting human rights
”Let us hear the final remark of Susanna in her thesis.
My conclusion is that the Human Rights Based approachcan be defended as a useful and relevant framework in development cooperation, provided that human rights are continually critically examined both in theory and practice and human rights are reformulated and understood in a way relevant to the powerless of the postcolonial world today
In other words.
xxxxx
Maybethe Human Rights Based Approachis relevant when it comes to development cooperation
xxxxx
But to be effective to stopdiscrimination,oppression andexploitation
it needs to benon-discriminative,non-oppressive andnon-exploitive.
xxxxx
Thank you for watching!