Human Reproduction Sys.

8/20/2019 Human Reproduction Sys.

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REPRODUCTION ?

The ability of living thingsto produce offspring or

new individuals

The ability of living thingsto produce offspring or

new individuals

•Reproduction ensures the

continuation of a species and

prevents it from extinction

•Reproduction ensures the

continuation of a species and

prevents it from extinction


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The male reproductive system


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THE MALE RER!"#$T%&E '('TEM


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"etails of the testes


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The male reproductive system

!rgan )unction

Testis

'crotum

&as deferens

Epididymis

enis

roduces sperms and male hormones after

puberty

'ac that protects the testis

Long tube that carries sperms from the testis

to the urethra

%s place of storage and ripening found around thetestis

E*ects semen containing sperms and deposits them

in the vagina of the female body during sexual

intercourse


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'eminal vesicle

#rethra

rostate gland

$owper gland

roduces a slippery fluid containing nutrients

and en+ymes to nourish and activate the

sperms, enabling the sperms to swim actively

Tube that carries sperms from the vasdeferens -sperm duct. to the outside of the

body

'ecretes a mil/y , al/aline fluid that helps to

nourish and protect the sperms during sexualintercourse0

The mixture of sperms and fluids from the

prostate gland and seminal vesicle is called

semen

'ecrete a slippery fluid which mixed with the

sperms


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The Female Reproductive System


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"etails of the ovary


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!rgan )unction

!vary

)allopian tube-!viduct.

#terus

roduce egg or ovum and female hormones after

puberty

1"irects the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

1lace where the ovum is fertili+ed by the sperm

1lace where implantation of the embryo occurs

•lace where the embryo and fetus developing

during pregnancy

•rotects the embryo and fetus from in*ury


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$ervix

&agina

2idens during childbirth for the baby to come out

of the uterus

1lace where the semen is deposited during

sexual intercourse

1 That is natural outlet of baby


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3AMET!3E4E'%' 5

rocess of forming sex cell

3ametogenesis

!ogenesis

'permatogenesis


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Spermatogeesis


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!ogenesis0


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'tructure of a sperm and ovum


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'tructure of a sperm and ovum


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Compariso !et"ee male ad #emale gametes

Sperm Di##ereces Ovum

'i+e

4umber

Mobility

•Much smaller than ovum

•The smallest cell in the

male body -60667mm 8

6069mm.

Millions of sperms are

released during each

e*aculation

Mobile: has a tail that

enables it to swim towards

the ovum

• Larger than the sperm

•The largest cell in thefemale body -about 60;

mm.

#sually only one ovum is

released each month

4ot mobile


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Menstruation


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Menstrual $ycleMenstrual $ycle

70 The monthly discharge of disintegrated uterine lining together with the

unfertili+ed ovum and blood from the uterus through the vagina is

called mestruatio

;0 Menstruation starts when a girl reaches puberty

0 A menstrual cycle begins with menstruation0 Menstruation occurs

during the first to the fifth day of the menstrual cycle90 "uring menstruation, the uterine lining brea/s down and is shed

through the vagina

?0 After menstruation, the repair of the uterine lining begins0 The uterine

lining becomes thic/, spongy and full of blood vessels


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@0 Ovulatio is the release of an ovum from one of the two ovaries into the

)allopian tube0 %t occurs between the thirteenth and fifteenth day

=0 %f the ovum is fertili+ed, a +ygote will form and develop into an embryowhich will implant itself into the uterine lining0 The uterine lining will

remain thic/en and protect the embryo0 Menstruation stops during

pregnancy and continues after the baby is born

0 %f the ovum is not fertili+ed, the uterine lining will bro/en down0 The

uterine lining will be discharged through the vagina together with theblood and the disintegrated ovum0 Menstruation starts again0

760 The fertile phase in a menstrual cycle is from the eleventh to the

seventeenth day0 "uring this phase, sperms inside the vagina may

fertili+e the ovum0 A woman who has sexual intercourse during the fertile

phase may become pregnant0

770 "uring menstruation, vaginal infection may occur because bacteria and

fungi may grow in the blood in the reproductive tract0 Thus, hygienic

measures must be ta/en to prevent infection and unpleasant odors0


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The hormoal cotrol o# the mestrual

cycle

• The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete folliclestimulating hormone -)'H. into the bloodstream0

• )'H stimulates the development of the follicles in theovaries0 %t also stimulates the follicle in the ovary to

secrete estrogen• After menstruation estrogen causes the repair and

growth of the uterine lining -endometrium.0 The uterinelining becomes thic/ and spongy with blood vessel0 Ahigh concentration of estrogen in the blood inhibits )'Hproduction, preventing the ripening and growth of morefollicles0 Estrogen stimulates the pituitary gland tosecrete luteinising hormone -LH.0


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• )unction of LH B

: %t causes ovulation

: %t also causes the formation of the corpus luteum

• $orpus luteum

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and also

some estrogen

• )unction of rogesterone B

: %t /eeps the uterine lining thic/ and well supplied with

blood, preparing it for the implantation of the embryo0

: %t inhibits both )'H and LH production


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)ERT%L%CAT%!4 and

RE34A4$(

)ERT%L%CAT%!4 and

RE34A4$(

70 "uring sexual intercourse, the male

e*aculates semen -contains million of

sperms into the vagina of the female0

)rom the vagina, the sperms swim

their way up through the cervix intothe uterus and finally reach the

)allopian tube0

;0 %f there is an ovum in the )allopian

tube, the sperms will surround it0 !nly

one sperm will penetrate the ovumDsmembrane0


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>0 After fertili+ation, the +ygote moves along the )allopian tube to the

uterus, the +ygote divides again and again to form a ball of cell,

called em!ryo0

90 2hen the embryo reaches the uterus, it implants itself into the thic/uterine lining0 This process is called implatatio$

Developmet o#

%ygote


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?0 After implantation, embryonic membranes develop to enclose the

embryo in a double:layered capsule, called the amniotic cavity0 The

amniotic cavity is filled with a fluid /nown is the amiotic #luid$

@0 The amniotic fluid helps to support the embryo and protects it fromshoc/ and in*ury0

=0 )inger:li/e villi will grow from the embryo into the uterine wall0 The villi

contain the blood vessel of the embryo0

0 The villi together with the part of the uterus in which they areembedded form a structure /nown as the placeta

760 The embryo is attached to the placenta by tube, called the um!ilical

cord

770 )unction of placenta and umbilical cord B a0 Transfers dissolved nutrients, antibody and oxygen from the

motherDs blood into that of the embryoDs

b0 Transfer metabolic waste product -carbon dioxide and urea. from

the embryoDs blood into that of the motherDs


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7;0 About eight wee/s after fertili+ation, when all the main organs are

formed, the embryo is called a fetus0

70 "uring birth, the uterine walls contract and help to push the fetus out

through the vagina0

Human Reproduction Sys.

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