Human Geography Flash Cards
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Transcript of Human Geography Flash Cards
GEOG101 Extra Credit Exam
Part 1 of 1 - 88.0/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsCourse extensions are available for which of the following reasons?
A. I don't have a computer to access the classroom.
B. "too busy" with work and family commitments
C. documented military deployment
D. I’m on leave or vacation from my job.
Answer Key: CFeedback: APUS Professors can provide course extensions for documented military deployment and military-related activities. Students are not eligible for course extensions for personal reasons such as being "too busy", going on vacation/leave or non-military work issues.
Having a computer is as essential as having pen and paper in a traditional classroom - each student is responsible for securing access to a computer throughout the course.
Courses start every month, so be sure you take classes that fit around your personal schedule. Equally, instructors are not permitted such extensions either!Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe course professor is required to have student work graded
A. anytime before the end of the course.
B. within 7 days of the due date and time.
C. within 7 days of when the student turns in the assignment.
D. within 48 hours of when the student turns in the assignment.
Answer Key: BFeedback: It is APUS/AMU policy that all instructors must grade completed student work submitted for grading within 7 days of the DUE DATE AND TIME for that assignment. If you do not see a grade after 7 days from the due date and time, check to be sure you have submitted the assignment for grading. If you have but the assginment is not graded, send a polite request to your instructor to
complete grading.Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAll students are required to turn in assignments
A. at their own pace.
B. by Sunday nights at 11:59 PM.
C. according to the assigned due date and time for that particular assignment.
D. any time before the last day of class.
Answer Key: CFeedback: Due dates and times may vary by assignment and class, so do not assume a Sunday night 11:59 PM due date in all classes. It's always a good idea to avoid procrastination, so try to budget time throughout the week to work on your courses.
Each student is responsible for meeting due dates and times, and late work may be rejected or subject to deductions as per APUS policies.Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsInstructors are required to reply to student emails within how many hours?
A. 24-48
B. 48-72
C. 12-24
D. 6-12
Answer Key: BFeedback: It is University policy that instructors reply to student emails within 48 to 72 hours. If an instructor does not reply right away please await a response - your instructor is likely not online if you do not hear back immediately. Instructors, like students, also experience internet outages, have hospital emergencies and other unanticipated urgencies. If 72 hours (three full days) has passed, contact Hidden Link - Login or Register for assistance. Always be polite - the last thing you want is to send your instructor an angry e-mail just to find out they have been in an accident or are otherwise in unfortunate circumstances.
Quick "geography" - there are 24 primary time zones (some variations by country) on Earth. So if each student in a class with 24 students emailed the instructor once a day at a different hour the
instructor might not sleep during the 8-week course if they were to respond within 12 hours of each email! 48-72 allows for time zone changes and days off from work or short-term emergencies. Most instructors are on almost daily, or at least within 24-48 hours.
Remember that in a class even of a few people everyone may be in a different time zone, so our asynchronous work does result in a "lag" in communication. Also, not everyone is on every day, so students and instructors alike must be patient in looking for each other. Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe five institutional learning objectives at APUS include all but which of the following?
A. the ability to express viewpoints other than their own and to think critically
B. ability to apply learned knowledge to the "real world"
C. communication in written form
D. proficiency with video and audio technology
Answer Key: DFeedback: Please see the syllabus or Student Handbook for detail on the five institutional objectives. It's a good idea to keep these in mind as you go through each course to help frame what you are learning into a broader context.Question 6 of 25 2.0/ 4.0 Points“Geography" is a discipline that studies A. spatial relationships B. maps C. people D. locations
Answer Key: A, B, C, DFeedback: There are many other topics as well! Geography is a broad discipline that is easily integrated into other fields of study, from health to military studies to disasters to religion and culture and everything in between!Question 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsGetting help on an assignment from a classmate or another person without prior approval or direction from the instructor to do so is
A. plagiarism.
B. only acceptable for papers.
C. only acceptable for exams.
D. fine to do at any time.
Answer Key: AFeedback: "Plagiarism" is often an unfamiliar term/concept for many students, but it is a serious academic offense whether deliberate or accidental. Please be sure to familiarize yourself with the plagiarism policy in the Student Handbook or in the video and links in the classroom. Ask your instructor if you have any questions or are in doubt.Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWe will study the topic of Latin America in which week of class?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
Answer Key: BFeedback: This topic will be covered during coverage of the Americas. Question 9 of 25 2.0/ 4.0 PointsEach Quiz in this course is worth A. 6% of my final grade. B. 6 points toward my final grade. C. 36% of my final grade. D. 36 points toward my final grade.
Answer Key: A, BFeedback: EACH is worth 6 points, or 6% toward your final grade. TOGETHER they are worth 36 points, or 36% of the final grade.Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsStudents at APUS/AMU can work at their own pace, regardless of classroom deadlines.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: AFeedback: Faculty are not permitted to allow students to work at their own pace - ALL work must be
completed by due dates and times as stated in the classroom!
Please see the Student Handbook for student participation requirements. Every student must participate weekly and on time as directed in class.Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsReadings and assignments will never change once class starts.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: AFeedback: The syllabus is a guideline, but it is a fact of the Internet that sometimes weblinks for readings and work may become inactive and require a change. Also, courses with low enrollments may need to be altered to maintain course integrity (e.g. discussion boards and group projects may have to be adjusted to small enrollments). Your instructor should keep you up to date if changes are needed. Question 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsForums are mandatory in this course.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: BFeedback: There is a great deal of research on the positive value of student interaction in the classroom - be sure to take advantage of these assignments! Question 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsE-mails to the instructor are anonymous and are always confidential.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: BFeedback: Not only will the instructor read your emails, but they may be read by your instructors' supervisors or APUS officials resolving disputes. The same is true for instructor emails to students. All correspondence - in or out of the classroom - serves as an official record of the course.
NOTE: In Sakai, the "MESSAGES" function must be used for all classroom-related correspondence, NOT E-mail. Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsStudents can distribute course materials, such as the text, exams, exercises and other items, to anyone they wish.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: AFeedback:Absolutely not! All course materials are copyrighted and are for "fair use" in the classroom only. You may not distribute them in any manner, and this includes materials created by the instructor as well as the textbook.
Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsIf I'm not clear on a particular topic I can look for additional readings in the Online Library.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: The Online Library is an excellent source of information and has a collection that rivals large research universities! If you need help, ask your instructor or email an online librarian for assistance.Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsSince this isn't an English course, my grammar and spelling don't matter.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: AFeedback: Grammar and writing style are always important. In fact, all courses at APUS are required to have written assignments to reinforce skills of written communication. Please see the APUS institutional learning objective on "Communication". Be sure to follow writing advice provided in COLL100, English courses and through the Online Library's tutoring.
Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe "end-of-course" critique is an excellent location for students to make productive comments to help instructors improve courses.
A. false
B. true
Answer Key: BFeedback: Be sure to be polite and specific - "great class" doesn't identify what is great about it and "lousy class" doesn't identify what is bad. The instructor won't know what to keep or change. Instead, try "I enjoyed using PowerPoint to communicate what I had learned", or "I didn't feel I had enough information to gain much from the Forum critical thinking assignments", for example. Question 18 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe final exam is cumulative, covering all weeks' work in this course.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: BFeedback: There is so much information in this course that the mid-term covers the first half of the class and the final covers the second half. This will allow students to study each week equally.Question 19 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAll students can get at least 10 hours of free tutoring through Tutor.com.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: Be sure to check with your instructor or with a librarian (they are very helpful!) to take advantage of your free tutoring. Tutoring is for anyone - excellent if you are having difficulty or if you just want to improve your study skills to make studying more efficient. Try it - it's free! Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsStudents can check their course grade progress in the online classroom.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: The grade represented in total is for items completed and graded to that moment, so be sure to know what items remain in the course. Ask questions if needed!Question 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsSarcasm and other such dark humor translate well in the online classroom.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: BFeedback: Much human communication is conducted through facial expression, tone of voice and other visual and aural signals. These are lost in the online classroom if no audio or video is present, so PLEASE be careful that your humor is not misunderstood. Sarcasm is often lost in writing and interpreted as mean-spirited, so be sure to use "emoticons" or parenthetical words (kidding!, e.g.) if you feel your words may be misunderstood. Better safe than sorry! Question 22 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsIn this course exams cannot be made up if missed without prior approval, or if the student is locked out of the exam while taking it (accidentally or by the student's own doing).
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: BFeedback: The exam might be made up within one week AT THE INSTRUCTOR'S DISCRETION , but will be ESSAY format.
Students who fail to complete assignments on time are not guaranteed the opportunity to make up work,and late points may be deducted for any late work as per class policy. Repetitive late work will not be accepted.
Forums may never be submitted late.Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsIf I have any questions about course material or course procedures I should ask the instructor.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: Let me know if you have questions. If they are general course material or course procedure questions, PLEASE post them in the appropriate "Q&A" section in "Forum" - if you have a question, chances are others in the class have the same question.
If your question is of a personal nature (grades, absences, other issues governed by FERPA, e.g.), send it to me via "Messages" in the classroom.Question 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsUse of Turnitin.com on Forums is optional in this course. True False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: All students are required to use Turnitin.com for every Forum post. This will help students avoid plagiarism and learn to create original compositions.Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsSelect all that apply:
When writing a citation for a source I use in this course I must A. cite according the guidance in the classroom. B. cite according to MLA, APA, Chicago or Turabian Style Guides. C. I do not need to cite any sources. D. I can just provide the URL.
Answer Key: A, BFeedback: Students must cite according to MLA, APA, Chicago or Turabian Style Guides, as provided by guidance in the classroom as well.
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012
GEOG101 Quiz 1
Part 1 of 1 - 80.0/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsA functional region:
A. has a transition zone at its center
B. is also known as a formal region
C. is defined on the basis of some variable, such as the area where corn is grown
D. is exemplified by a city and its hinterland
Answer Key: DQuestion 2 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following statements is incorrect?
A. A country likely constitutes a formal political region because within its boundaries certain conditions of nationality, law, and political tradition prevail.
B. Regions conceptualized as “spatial systems” are collectively identified as functional regions.
C. Functional regions are generally more static and immobile than formal regions.
D. Regions marked by internal homogeneity are classified as formal regions.
Answer Key: CQuestion 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAll regions possess all of the following except:
A. boundaries
B. location
C. homogeneity
D. area
Answer Key: CQuestion 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWater covers about _____ percent of the Earth's surface.
A. 70
B. 80
C. 50
D. 10
Answer Key: AQuestion 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe current interglacial period is known as the:
A. Wisconsinan
B. Global Warmup
C. Holocene
D. Pleistocene
Answer Key: CQuestion 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Mediterranean climate is classified under which of the following Köppen-Geiger letters?
A. Med
B. H
C. C
D. A
Answer Key: CQuestion 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe prevailing mid-latitude climatic type in the southeastern United States, western Europe, southern Brazil and northern Argentina, and eastern China is the:
A. humid cold
B. semiarid moderate
C. dry winter tundra
D. humid temperate
Answer Key: DQuestion 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsA bridge language of national politics, commerce, and trade is known as a(n):
A. Lingua franca.
B. Extinct language.
C. Indo-European dialect.
D. Regional speech disparity.
Answer Key: AQuestion 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich statement below best characterizes the concept of culture?
A. None of these choices.
B. Learned patterns of thought and behavior characteristic of a population or society.
C. A civilized pattern of behavior, dominated by appreciation of serious music and good food.
D. It plays no role in shaping the human landscape.
Answer Key: BQuestion 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe downtown of an American city, which is usually characterized by a square-grid layout, is called the:
A. Core-periphery interface
B. Central business district
C. Urban townscape
D. Hinterland
Answer Key: BQuestion 11 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe European state model includes all of the following except:
A. A representative government
B. A clearly and legally defined territory
C. A very low level of urbanization
D. It prevails in the aftermath of the collapse of colonial empires.
Answer Key: CQuestion 12 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe World Bank ranks countries within four groups. Which of the following is not one of those groups?
A. Middle-income countries
B. Lower-middle income countries
C. Low-income countries
D. Upper-middle income countries
Answer Key: AQuestion 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe core areas of the world:
A. Constitute the area where the richer countries are clustered.
B. None of the answers provided here are correct.
C. Include most of the countries of East Asia,
D. Include areas located only in Europe and North America.
Answer Key: AQuestion 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe gradual reduction of regional contrasts resulting from increasing cultural, economic, political and other types of exchanges is known as:
A. The European trade model
B. Regional equalization
C. Globalization
D. Core-periphery widening
Answer Key: CQuestion 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsGeography is concerned with providing a spatial perspective on the world.
True False
Answer Key: TrueQuestion 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsTransition zones mark the places where geographic realms meet.
True False
Answer Key: TrueQuestion 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsDeserts are mainly found on the eastern sides of the continents. True False
Answer Key: FalseQuestion 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsIn general, the eastern coasts of continents in tropical and mid-latitude zones receive relatively high precipitation.
True False
Answer Key: TrueQuestion 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsHighland (H) climates do not resemble the cold polar (E) climates.
True False
Answer Key: FalseQuestion 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsLines of latitude circle the globe as east-west lines and measure distances north and south of the Equator.
True False
Answer Key: TrueQuestion 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsA cultural landscape consists of a composite of human imprints on the surface of the Earth.
True False
Answer Key: TrueQuestion 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe ratio of distance on a map to actual ground distance is known as that map's scale .
Answer Key: scale
Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsA clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a capital city is known as a state .
Answer Key: stateQuestion 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Pointstectonic plates are massive slabs of rock which move on the earth's surface, colliding with one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Answer Key: Tectonic platesQuestion 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsPopulation density describes the number of people located in a given unit area.
Answer Key: densityPOST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012
GEOG101 Quiz 2
Part 1 of 1 - 92.0/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe geographic principle under which particular peoples and particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods is known as:
A. irredentism
B. Balkanization
C. local functional specialization
D. supranationalism
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the evolution of modern Europe in spatial context and its impact on the world. Section Reference: Modern Historical Geography Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points__________ forces are divisive to a nation.
A. situational
B. none of these answers
C. centrifugal
D. centripetal
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Demonstrate the rise of European unification in terms of the economic, political, and cultural issues that drive this process Section Reference: European Unification Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe three principles of spatial interaction are:
A. none of these answers
B. complementarity, intervening opportunity, infrastructurality
C. complementarity, intervening opportunity, transferability
D. complementarity, intervening opportunity, irredentism
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Contemporary Europe Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy is known as:
A. complementarity
B. devolution
C. supranationalism
D. irredentism
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Diminished State Power and Regionalism Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points
The only European country with coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the North Sea is:
A. Italy
B. France
C. Germany
D. Spain
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the concept of the “European core” in western Europe and analyze the present and future role of the core countries in the unification of Europe. Section Reference: The Mainland Core Question 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsEastern Europe is a zone of politico-geographical splintering and fracturing known as a (an):
A. shatter belt
B. periphery
C. Balkan conurbation
D. irredentist region
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe term Balkanization refers to:
A. Serbian supranationalism
B. none of these answers
C. the landmass located just to the west of the Adriatic Sea
D. the division and fragmentation of the southern portion of Eastern Europe
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following is not a state created by the breakup of former Yugoslavia?
A. Slovakia
B. Croatia
C. Slovenia
D. none of these answers
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Soviet Union consisted of _____________ Soviet Socialist Republics.
A. 18
B. 15
C. 12
D. 4
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsMost of the population of Russia is found in the:
A. western part of the country
B. zone of C climates
C. southern tier of the country
D. Pacific coastal zone
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe term ________ is used to describe an inland climate that is remote from the moderating influences of large water bodies.
A. taiga
B. maritime
C. continentiality
D. tundra
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following is true?
A. Russia's climate may be described as dominated by C climates
B. Russia has no E climates
C. Weather refers to long term average conditions
D. Climate refers to long term average conditions
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s
difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe term ________ is used to describe an inland climate that is remote from the moderating influences of large water bodies.
A. maritime
B. continentality
C. tundra
D. taiga
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe mountain chain in west-central Russia that is sometimes regarded as the "boundary" between Europe and Asia is known as the:
A. Caucasus
B. Carpathians
C. Urals
D. Central Asiatic Ranges
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following Soviet programs was the most successful?
A. Sovkhoz farming
B. Settling the Arctic coastal zone
C. Ethnic acculturation
D. Industrialization
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following cities was known as the Soviet Detroit?
A. St. Petersburg
B. Vladivostok
C. Nizhniy Novgorod
D. Tula
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the regional components of Russia’s core and its influence on the rest of the country. Section Reference: The Russian Core Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Law of the Primate City holds that a country's leading city is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Contemporary Europe Question 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Compare the differences between the regional components of the British Isles and the reasons behind them. Section Reference: The British Isles Question 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsSt. Petersburg, with respect to the Russian domestic market, has greater locational (situational) advantages than Moscow.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the regional components of Russia’s core and its influence on the rest of the country. Section Reference: The Russian Core Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsGreece's vegetation has been denuded by centuries of deforestation.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of the Mediterranean Basin and the Western Balkan Peninsula. Section Reference: The Discontinous South Question 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsIn terms of income per capita, Norway is one of the richest countries in the world.
A. true
B. false
Answer Key: A
Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of Europe’s Northern domain. Section Reference: The Discontinous North Question 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Iberian Peninsula is isolated from the rest of Europe by a high range called the Pyrenees Mountains.
Answer Key: PyreneesFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of the Mediterranean Basin and the Western Balkan Peninsula. Section Reference: The Discontinous South Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe term Physical Geography refers to the total physical environment of a particular place, including climate, water, soils, vegetation, and landforms.
Answer Key: physiography|physical geographyFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the major physical geographic features of Europe and Russia Section Reference: Landforms and Opportunities Question 24 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe surface configuration of land, including features such as mountains, plains, and river valleys, is referred to as Gross Physical Features .
Answer Key: topographyFeedback:The features are the "natural landscape", the configuration of those features is "topography". Partial credit awarded for "physiography" and "physical geography" as they encompass "topography" as well. See page 107 and the glossary for "topography".
Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm, Glossary
Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad is Vladivostok .
Answer Key: VladivostokFeedback:Learning Objective: Discuss the challenges and resource-development opportunities of Russia’s largest region.Section Reference: Siberia
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012
GEOG101 Quiz 3
Part 1 of 1 - 76.0/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Great Lakes' main outlet to the sea is the:
A. these lakes have no outlet to the sea
B. St. Lawrence River
C. Columbia River
D. Mississippi River
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North America's Physical Geography Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe peoples called Native Americans in the U.S. are called __________ in Canada.
A. Canadian Americans
B. Native Canadians
C. First Nations
D. Aborigines
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Illustrate the basic historical geography of the settlement of the U.S. and Canada for the past three centuries. Section Reference: European Settlement and Expansion Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe transformation of raw materials into finished products is associated with the ____________ sector of a nation's economy.
A. quaternary
B. primary
C. tertiary
D. secondary
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the evolution of the economic and parallel urban geography of the realm. Section Reference: Urbanization and the Spatial Economy Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe capital of Canada is:
A. Ontario
B. Montreal
C. Toronto
D. Ottawa
Answer Key: DFeedback:Learning Objective: Describe Canada’s provinces and territories, English-French cultural division, and the indigenous people’s movement.Section Reference: Regionalism in CanadaQuestion 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points__________ is the second most populous US state.
A. Arizona
B. California
C. Texas
D. New York
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the effect of Anglo, Hispanic and Natve American cultures on the Southwest region. Section Reference: The Southwest Question 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsA narrow strip of land connecting two larger land bodies is known as a(n):
A. bridgeland
B. spine
C. archipelago
D. isthmus
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the realm’s geographic contents, its boundaries, and the rational underlying its regional subdivisions. Section Reference: Geographical Features Question 7 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsWhich of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Mainland Middle America functions as a land bridge between Mexico and South America.
B. Though African cultural influences dominate in the Caribbean portion of Middle America, Amerindian traditions survive on the mainland.
C. Anthropologists commonly refer to the Middle American culture hearth as Mesoamerica.
D. Trinidad is one of the Greater Antilles.
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe Middle America’s major environmental features and dangers as well as the vertical organization of climates in highland zones. Section Reference: Physical Geography Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe idealized Spanish town in Mesoamerica had:
A. all of these choices
B. a central square or plaza
C. a gridiron layout
D. a location near good agricultural land
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Mesoamerican Legacy Question 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsWhile other Central American countries were called banana republics, this country was a coffee republic:
A. El Salvador
B. Mexico
C. Colombia
D. Guatemala
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAs noted in the text, the population of Mexico is about ________ million.
A. 82
B. 57
C. 111
D. 41
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era.
Section Reference: Mexico Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAn altiplano is a(n):
A. agricultural area in Brazil
B. low area with small mountains
C. altitudinal zone lying above tierra firma
D. plain high in the Andes
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the broad aspects of South America’s Historical Geography from the time of the Incas to the post colonial era. Section Reference: States Ancient and ModernQuestion 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsAs noted in the text, almost ____ percent of South Americans live in urban areas.
A. 100
B. 80
C. 60
D. 20
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South America’s urbanization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: Urbanization Question 13 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe initial stage in the evolution of an insurgent state, according to the text, is the stage of:
A. devolution
B. equilibrium
C. contention
D. counteroffensive
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic environmental, historical, cultural, political, and economic geography of Colombia, Venezuela, and the three Guianas. Section Reference: The Caribbean North Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Peru (Humboldt) Current is:
A. a new high-voltage electrical network that transmits Amazon-oil-generated power by pipeline to the cities across the Andes
B. a drying wind that blows off the Andes and creates desert-like conditions along the Peruvian coastal plain
C. a cool offshore ocean current conducive to commercial fishing that flows parallel to the Peruvian coastline
D. a rising air movement that brings the hot and humid conditions of the tierra fría to the uppermost Andean basins
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Paraguay as well as the changing role of their indigenous citizens. Section Reference: The Andean West Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe leading agricultural activity of the Pampa region is the production of:
A. cattle
B. tropical fruits and vegetables
C. coffee
D. sugarcane
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Argentina,
Chile, and Uruguay as well as this region’s progress toward economic integration. Section Reference: The Southern Cone Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsYearly temperature ranges are much larger where continentality prevails.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North America's Physical Geography Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points“Latin” America is a term that refers only to the geographic area constituted by the island and mainland portions of Middle America. A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Defining the Realm Question 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsMexico's leading oil-producing zone is located along its southern Pacific coast. A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsEcuador is the poorest country in South America.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Paraguay as well as the changing role of their indigenous citizens. Section Reference: The Andean West Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsBrazil is the South American country that exhibits the widest income gap.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe Brazil’s general human geography, multiple development opportunities, and the workings of its sub-regions. Section Reference: Brazil Question 21 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsCities with populations of over 10 million are referred to as Megalopolis .
Answer Key: megacitiesFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South America’s urbanization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: UrbanizationQuestion 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Mulatto is the term applied to people of mixed European and African ancestry.
Answer Key: MulattoFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Collision of Cultures Question 23 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 PointsThe term altzona describes distinctive climatic areas created by variations in elevation from place to place.
Answer Key: altitudinal zoneFeedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: Central American RepublicsQuestion 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.
Answer Key: HaitiFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general layout of the Caribbean Islands. Section Reference: The Caribbean Basin Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsThe Rain Shadow effect describes the climatic process by which mountains force moisture from passing air masses, leaving the downwind side of a mountain range drier than the upwind side.
Answer Key: rain shadow|orographicFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North America’s Physical Geography POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012
GEOG101 Mid-Term
Part 1 of 1 - 82.5/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe large cluster of population in the northeastern United States is known as:
A. Megalopolis
B. the global core
C. the urban heartland
D. the world-region
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Name and locate the three largest world population clusters. Section Reference: Realms of Population Question 2 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following is not an example of European supranationalism?
A. Ukraine's Orange Revolution
B. the European Union
C. Benelux
D. the Euro currency
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Demonstrate the rise of European unification in terms of the economic, political, and cultural issues that drive this process. Section Reference: European Unification Question 3 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following is true?
A. Climate refers to long term average conditions
B. Russia's climate may be described as dominated by C climates
C. Climate refers to current conditions at a given location
D. Weather refers to long term average conditions
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russia’s difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 4 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe Continental Core region of the United States is also known as the:
A. Mississippi Valley
B. Main Street Megalopolis
C. American Manufacturing Belt
D. Northeastern Seaboard
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the features that make the Core region of North America so prominent. Section Reference: North American Core Question 5 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe North American Free Trade Agreement:
A. includes only the United States, Canada, and Mexico
B. was disbanded in 2007
C. includes Central America
D. went into effect in the year 2000
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: Major Geographic Qualities of North America Question 6 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Trinidad is one of the Greater Antilles.
B. Though African cultural influences dominate in the Caribbean portion of Middle America, Amerindian traditions survive on the mainland.
C. Anthropologists commonly refer to the Middle American culture hearth as Mesoamerica.
D. Mainland Middle America functions as a land bridge between Mexico and South America.
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe Middle America’s major environmental features and dangers as well as the vertical organization of climates in highland zones. Section Reference: Physical Geography Question 7 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsA maquiladora is:
A. a person of mixed European-Amerindian ancestry
B. the owner of an ejido
C. a Mayan plantation
D. a foreign-owned factory in northern and southern Mexico and Central America that assembles duty-free goods
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its
development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 8 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following is the smallest Central American country in terms of population?
A. Honduras
B. El Salvador
C. Jamaica
D. Belize
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 9 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following countries does not contain a portion of the Amazon Basin?
A. Ecuador
B. Peru
C. Chile
D. Brazil
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the Physiography of South America. Section Reference: Defining the Realm Question 10 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich South American country was most transformed by the forced in-migration of Africans?
A. Brazil
B. Paraguay
C. Colombia
D. Argentina
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Interpret the realm’s cultural mosaic, especially its clusters of Indigenous, African, Mestizo, and European peoples. Section Reference: The Cultural Mosaic Question 11 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsThe sector of the Latin American city model that is characterized by migrants and poverty is known as:
A. peripheral squatter settlements
B. slum areas known as barrios or favelas
C. the central plaza
D. the CBD
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South America’s urbanization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: Urbanization Question 12 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following countries is not located in The African Transition Zone?
A. Mauritania
B. Mali
C. Niger
D. Tanzania
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.5 Describe the cultural and political forces shaping the geography of this region, especially the impact of the expanding Islamic Front. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.5 The African Transition Zone Question 13 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points
The first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast, is:
A. Guinea
B. Gambia
C. Ghana
D. Sierra Leone
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africa’s basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West AfricaQuestion 14 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich two colonial powers dominated West Africa?
A. U.S. and France
B. Britain and France
C. Germany and Britain
D. Portugal and Spain
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africa’s basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 15 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following is a lingua franca?
A. Swahili
B. Bantu
C. Niger-Kordofanian
D. Kalahari
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East Africa Question 16 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe ethnic group exerting the most control in Kenya is the:
A. Hutu
B. Kikuyu
C. Tutsi
D. Swahili
Answer Key: BFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East AfricaQuestion 17 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsWhich of the following countries borders Lake Victoria?
A. Malawi
B. Sudan
C. Uganda
D. Ethiopia
Answer Key: CFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East AfricaQuestion 18 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe natural environment of Botswana is dominated by:
A. the inland delta of the Niger River
B. mountains associated with the Great Escarpment
C. coastal swamps and deltas
D. the Kalahari Desert
Answer Key: DFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 19 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsUnder the terms of the separate development program, South Africa's land was divided equally between the majority Africans and the minority whites. A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the spatial dimensions of economic development and the World Bank’s global classification scheme. Section Reference: Geographies of Development Question 20 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsAn entrepôt, such as Copenhagen, is a place where goods are collected, stored, and transshipped.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of Europe’s Northern domain. Section Reference: The Discontinous North Question 21 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsWhereas major agricultural progress had been achieved under communism, the Soviet industrial sector remained inefficient and a persistent problem.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: The reverse is true.
Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 22 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsLike the U.S., Canada is a federal state.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the features that make the Core region of North America so prominent. Section Reference: The North American Core Canada Question 23 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsMexico contains over 70% of the land area of Middle America (including the islands) and more people than all the region's countries and islands combined.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 24 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe Sandinistas ruled over Costa Rica. A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 25 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsBrazil exports large quantities of coffee, orange juice concentrate, and soybeans.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe Brazil’s general human geography, multiple development opportunities, and the workings of its sub-regions. Section Reference: Brazil Question 26 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsSierra Leone was settled by former American slaves.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africa’s basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 27 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe Ibo-dominated breakaway republic within Nigeria during the 1960s called itself Biafra.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africa’s basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West AfricaQuestion 28 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsUnder the terms of the separate development program, South Africa's land was divided equally between the majority Africans and the minority whites. A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa.
Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 29 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsPeople of Dutch ancestry in South Africa are called Highveld Hollanders.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: FalseFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 30 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points“Land tenure” refers to the way people own, occupy, and use land.
A. True B. False
Answer Key: TrueFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.4 Describe the broad patterns of land tenure as well as subsistence and commercial agriculture before and after independence. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.4 Africans and Their Land Question 31 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe most recent glaciation to affect North America is named after the U.S. State of Wisconsin .
Answer Key: WisconsinFeedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major elements of the natural environment and their general geographic characteristics. Section Reference: The Physical Setting Question 32 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe forcible ouster of an entire population from its homeland by a stronger power bent on taking its territory is known as ethnic cleansing .
Answer Key: ethnic cleansingFeedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 33 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Federalism describes a system of government whereby power is shared between a central authority and smaller political subdivisions such as States or the former Soviet Socialist Republics.
Answer Key: Federalism
Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 34 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsMontreal and the lower course of the St. Lawrence River are located in the Canadian province of Quebec .
Answer Key: QuebecFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the region’s French cultural landscape. Section Reference: French Canada Question 35 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsMexico's Yucatán Peninsula was part of the Mesoamerican culture hearth that gave rise to the maya civilization, which reached its height from the 4th to the 10th centuries A.D.
Answer Key: MayaFeedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of the Mexico.Section Reference: Mesoamerican Legacy Comment: Please be sure to capitalize proper names. Thanks!Question 36 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsThe lowest-lying latitudinal zone of agricultural activity, extending from sea level to an elevation of 2500 feet (750 meters), is the tierra Red Mediterranean .
Answer Key: calienteFeedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 37 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsCopper and nitrates are two resources that strongly shaped the economic development of Chile during the past century.
Answer Key: ChileFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay as well as this region’s progress toward economic integration. Section Reference: The Southern Cone Question 38 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe country of Venezuela is South America's leading exporter of crude oil.
Answer Key: VenezuelaFeedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic environmental, historical, cultural, political, and economic geography of Colombia, Venezuela, and the three Guianas. Section Reference: The Caribbean North Question 39 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 PointsThe 1884 conference of all the major colonial powers that essentially drew the modern political map of Africa, was held in the European city of Berlin .
Answer Key: BerlinFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.2 Describe African historical evolution in geographic context, from the rise of the early states through the end of the colonial era. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.2 Africa's Historical Geography Question 40 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 PointsThe systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases is called Weegy geography.
Answer Key: medicalFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.5 Describe the major features of SubSaharan Africa’s medical geography, including pandemics, epidemics, and the distribution of major diseases such as Malaria and HIV/AIDS. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.5 Environment and Health Comment: Weegy? I'm glad you didn't leave it blank at least! : )
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012
GEOG101 Quiz 5
Part 1 of 1 - 92.0/ 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points_____ is the name for the land between the rivers.
A. Mesopotamia
B. Choke Point
C. The Fertile Crescent
D. Levant
Answer Key: AFeedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 7A.2 Explain the term “culture hearth” and briefly trace the rise and fall of the realm’s two culture hearths. Section Reference 1: Section 7A.2 Hearths of CultureQuestion 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 PointsHydraulic civilization theory holds that:
A. water is the key to survival in the desert
B. irrigation is the key to the advancement of agriculture
http://biology-forums.com/index.php?topic=37447.0
1Total area of East Asia3.6 million 2Today the ________ is playing a major role in the economic (and cultural) transformation of coastal Chinaocean 3Climatic gradients of chinanorth: cold
east: wet
south: warm
west: dry
4one of the worlds great culture hearthschina 5imperial forbidden citybeijing
6chinas political systemcommunist 7capital of chinabeijing 8port city of chinatianjin 9largest city of chinashanghai 10
how many provinces in china22 (grow in size from east to west) 11easterb half; the core of chinachina proper 12tall mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated(tibet)xizang 13vast desert basin and mountain rims; a cultural contact zonexinjiang 14a desert, buffer statemongolia
15the jakota trianglejapan, south korea, taiwan,
rapid economic development
16urban environmental problems in chinaair pollution
congestion
water pollution
17chinas economic problemsserious energy shortage
transportation infastructure poorly developed
environmental degradation
18deng xiaoping eratook power in 1979 as a "pragmatic moderate"
created SEZ's, open cities and open coastal areas
19what does SEZ stand forspecial economic zones 20first four coastal cities increased to __ cities15 21designed to attract foreign investments, concentrated along Pacific coast deltas and peninsulasopen coastal areas 22special economic zonesinvestor incentives
low taxes
easing of import and export regulations
simplified land leases
hring of contract labor permitted
produts may be sold in foreign markets and in china
location was prime consideration
23an open city sometimes called the little shanghaiqingdao 24what does hong kong meanfragrant harbor1Rostow Economic Growth ModelA five stage framework based on the progressive use of technology into a national economyThe stages are:1. Traditional Society2. Preconditions for Takeoff3. Takeoff4. Drive to Maturity5. High Mass ConsumptionA sixth stage has been suggested - Postindustrialism 2People of HanMost ethnic Chinese refer tothemselves as the people of Han, the period in
Chinese history, 207 B.C. to A.D. 220, that isconsidered the formative era of traditional culture.
3Pinyin SystemThe standard form of Chinese established by its government in 1958, and based on the pronunciation of the language in northern China 4FOUR MODERNIZATIONS PROGAM The ongoing development program, originally devised by Zhou Enlaiin 1964, and implemented by the post-Mao leadership in the late 1970’s. This program focused on the rapid growthof: industry, defense, science,and agriculture 5ManchuriaThe foreign term for Northeast China that the Chinese do notrecognize. The Chinese refer tothis area as Dongbei. The provincesof: Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoningare contained within Dongbei 6MANCHUKUO The Japanese name for Manchuria. The Japanese occupied Northeast China,
1932-1945.
7CHINA PROPER
The traditional core of the Chinese nation. This geographic area lies south of the Great Walland contains three (3) great river basins: the Huang He, Chang Jiang, and Xi Jiang. 8loesssoil deposited by wind, fertile and easy to work 9GREAT LEAP FORWARD The massive modification of China’s social and economicsystem, in transformingit from socialism to true communism, in essence transferring the system from collectivesto communes. Mao Zedong began thisprogram in 1958. 10GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION The reign of terror in the name of revolutionary zeal unleashedby Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976. Militant Red Guards intimidated the populationto purge China of non-communist traditions and conceal the disastrous economic setbacks ofthe Great Leap Forward. 11OVERSEAS CHINESE People of Chinese ancestry living outside of China,especially Southeast Asia and NorthAmerica. These ethnic Chinese haveplayed a major role in China’s economic development.
12SINICIZATION A term used to identify the Chinese imprint or influence ona people. 13PROVINCES China has 22 provinces, the main political subdivisions forthe Peoples’ Republic of
China.
14AUTONOMOUS REGIONSChina has 5 Autonomous Regions: Guangxi Zhuang, Nei Mongol, NingxiaHui, Xinjiang Uyghur, and Xizang. 15SHI A municipality controlled by the central government ofChina. Currently, there are four (4)cities that are Shi’s: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin. 16
BUFFER STATE A remnant of European colonialism that carved out spheres ofinfluence in Third Worldcountries. To minimize confrontation,certain territory was left relatively empty, as a cushionbetween these competing spheres. Mongolia evolved as a buffer state between
China andthe Soviet Union.
17QANATS Underground tunnels used to transport water from themountains into nearby, lower-lying desertareas. 18THE LONG MARCH The year-long exodus of the Communists, who were driven outof China Proper in 1934 bythe Nationalists, through the difficult Chinese interior. From their refuge in the mountains, the Communists were ableto consolidate their resources and gain sufficient strength
to emerge again in the late 1940’s,defeating the Nationalists in 1949.
19CONFUCIANISM The ideals deeply etched into Chinese culture and thenational character. 20
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE Manufacturing and export center, established in the 1980’s,to attract foreigninvestment and technology transfers through special taxbenefits and economic
incentives. Slow progress has resulted. The most successful example of the originalsites is
Shenzhen, just across from Xianggang(Hong Kong).
21THE FOUR TIGERS OF THE ORIENT Taiwan, South Korea, Xianggang (Hong Kong), and Singapore are thefour Asian ‘beehive states’ that have followed the Japanese route to economicsuccess.
The FourDragons of the Orient is another way of identifying these beehive economies.
22PACIFIC RIM A reference to a far-flung group of countries and parts ofcountries that border the PacificOcean. This group shares thefollowing: relatively high levels ofeconomic development, industrialization,urbanization, and export/import activities that mainly move across the vast distancesof the Pacific Ocean. 23JAKOTA TRIANGLE An acronym for three (3) highly developed East Asiancountries. The countries are: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
24Kamikaze AJapanese word which means ‘divine wind’. During World War II,the Japanese military used bothaircraft and boats to conduct suicide attacks on Allied positions. ‘Kamikaze’ was the term used for theseattacks, and for the individuals conducting theseattacks. 25Archipelago A chain of islands grouped closely together. Japan is an example 26Physiologic Density Thenumbers of people per unit of arable or cultivable land. Japan has one of the world’s highestphysiologic densities because only ~ 13% of the land in Japan isarable or tillable. Although the population density of Japan is ~ 855people per square mile, its physiologic density is ~ 6,040 persquare mile. 27Aquaculture Theuse of a pond or other artificial body of water to grow food products, including fish, shellfish,and even seaweed. This method of food production is also used inshallow bays and estuaries. 28Ainu Agroup of people native to Japan. Typically of short stature, brunette, and with profuse body hair, they aredescendants of Caucasoid-type people. The Ainu’s generally live in small coastalvillages on Hokkaido,
Sakhalin (Russia), and the Kuriles(Russia), hunting, fishing, and gardening.
29Kanji AJapanese word which means ‘words of Chinese origin’. 30Nippon The name that the people of Japan call their country. 31Prefectures Thename for Japan’s political subdivisions. 32Tokaido / SanyoThename given to Japanese bullet trains which interconnect the Tokaido megalopolis. In Japanese, a high-speed train is called‘Shinkansen’.
33Torii Agateway to a Shinto temple, consisting of two (2) wooden uprights that support one or two horizontal beams. The horizontal beams curve upward at theirends. 34Samurai Japanese warriors, well-trained in martial arts 35Shoguns Absolute military commanders that ruled medieval Japan 36Export-oriented IndustrializationEconomicand trade policies that try to speed the
industrialization process by exporting goods that canbe produced more efficiently. Government subsidies, tariff reductions, currency devaluations are some of the techniques that governments use topromote exports.
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan areexamples of export-oriented industrialization.
37import substitution industrialization (ISI)an economic development strategy that emphasizes the domestic production of goods that substitute for imports. ISI policies decrease imports and exports. 38Compromise Capital A capital city whichrepresents a compromise
solution when two or more influential citiesvie to be selected capital.
Canberra, Australia is an example.
39Unitary State A political state, unifiedand centralized, usually with a long tradition of being governed by asingle authority. This authority exercises power equally throughoutthe country.
Japan is an example.
40Federal statepolitical system in which a significant amount of power is given to individual states
413 Major River Basins in Chinahuang hechang jiangxi jiang 42CHINA CLIMATE Humid Temperate – Cfa, Cwa
Unclassified Highlands – H
Dry – BWk, BSk
Humid Cold – Dwa. Dwb, Dwc
Tropical – Am, Aw
43China mineralsWorld leader in Coal,Pyrites, Tin, Tungsten
2nd in world in Phosphates
3rd in world Iron, Lead, Vanadium, Zinc
Also has Antimony, Bauxite, Limestone,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Oil
44Chinas largest urban centers1. Shanghai (lowerChang Basin)
most populous city, China’s showcasefor
globalization such as first magneticlevitation train
2. Beijing (NorthChina Plain)
[Beijingis the political capital, cultural and
educationalcenter, and core of China.]
45Boxer Rebellion (1900): China revolted against alloutsiders.
An international force was required torestore order.
46Chinese-Japanese War (1894-95) further eroded China’s ability to govern 47Largest ethnic group in chinaThe Han People
48Special Economic Zones of ChinaPurpose: Technology transfers & Substantialforeign investments
OriginalSites: Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen
Hainan,Pudong, and Binhai are newer SEZ’s Pudong (newer site) and Shenzhen aremost successful SEZ’s
49Agriculture of North ChinaWorldleader in wheat, cotton and tobacco
2nd in worldin corn and potatoes
3rd in worldin soybeans, and millet
also grows lots of barley,sorghum, flax, and fruits
[oxenand camels are used extensively.]
50Agriculture of South ChinaWorldleader in rice
2nd in worldin tea, jute, and peanuts
3rd in worldin cacao
4th in worldin cane sugar
[waterbuffalo are used extensively.]
51Leading Industrial Centers: ChinaShanghai,Shenyang, Hong Kong, Tianjin
(Shanghai,Shenyang, and Anshan are the steel centers)
(Tianjinis the center of the chemical industry)
52Leading Ports: ChinaShanghai,Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin 53MONGOLIA An independent country alongmost of China’s northern border Mongolia is mostly a vast semi-desert and desert plateau.
Mongolia has extensive copper, coal, molybdenum, tin andtungsten reserves.
Goats are prized for their hair =cashmere 54
NORTH KOREANorth Korea is a communistcountry, located in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula.
North Korea has a continental climate and mountainousterrain.
Food shortages, including food rationing and evenstarvation are common.
North Korea has the world’s 4th largestmilitary.
55TAIWAN (Originally called "Formosa" until 1945)Taiwan is independent,located off the southeast coast of mainland China.
Taiwan has an insular climate, the southern half of theisland is tropical.
Taiwan has a prosperous, free market economic system, andis highly urbanized.
Taiwan’s core area is at the northern end of island,centered on Taipei, the capital.
The original settlers that came to the island werePolynesian.
56Religions: ChinaKongfuzi (Confucianism)Daoism (Taoism) 57Daoism (Taoism)Lao-Dzu lived in HunanProvince (~ 550 B.C.)
Dao is the Way of the Heavens, the basicprinciple of all nature.
Dao is cosmic serenity and energy.
58Kongfuzi (Confucianism)Confucius lived in ShandongProvince (~ 500 B.C.)
Confucius was a reformer and pragmatist. Book learning was emphasized at the expenseof science. Right thinking must prevail to guaranteegood, moral, peaceful existence. Confucius taught → family is the foundationof Chinese society.
59Huang He Yellow River, also the Riverof Sorrow
yellow silt givesthe river its color. North China Plain is located inlower portion of Huang He. Grand Canal links Huang He andChang Jiang.
60Chang Jiang Yangtze River, (Jiang isChinese for ‘river’)
Shanghai, China’s best port, isat its mouth. ThreeGorges Dam – world’s largest hydroelectric facility, (started in 1994, andopened in 2008) Sichuan Basin lies in middle partof Chang Jiang basin.
61Xi JiangWest River, whose mouth isnear the Pearl River Estuary, where Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau arelocated. 62Japans population~ 127 million people (~72.5 million in 1945)
over 99%Japanese
about 0.5%Korean
63Major religions: JapanBuddhism and Shinto are the dominant religions. 64Japans Physical geogrpahy4 Main Islands (formed by volcaniceruptions)
- Hokkaido
- Honshu
- Kyushu
- Shikoku
LandArea = 145,856 square miles
Slightlysmaller than Montana, and
alsosmaller than California
65Japans ClimateClimates
- Cfa E, S, W Honshu, and Kyushu & Shikoku
- Dfa N Honshu
- Dfb Hokkaido
66Vegetation- Temperate Rain Forest
- DeciduousMid-latitude Forests
67JAPAN’S MINERAL RESOURCES Japan Imports:
- 85% Coal
- 95% Iron Ore *
- 99% Oil
* Japanese steel industry imports Iron Ore
from Australia, India, Philippines, &U.S. scrap.
68JAPANESE AGRICULTURE 30% of Japan’s Food is imported because of its
mountainous terrain throughout the islands and the shortgrowing season in the northern part of the country.
Rice Hybrids Tea & Grapes Silk Fish
69Regions of JapanKanto Plain [Honshu]
Kansai (Kinki) District[Honshu]
Nobi Plain [Honshu]
Kitakyushu [Kyushu]
70Australia physical geography (1)Highlands
- Great DividingRange
The Shield
- Arnhem plateau
- Barkly Tableland
- HamersleyPlateau
- Kimberley Plateau
- Macdonnell Ranges
- Musgrave Ranges
71Australia physical geography (2)The Lowlands
- CarpentariaBasin
- Great ArtesianBasin (including the Darling River)
- Murray RiverBasin (Australia’s breadbasket)
- Nullarbor Plain
- Perth Lowland
The‘Outback’ is the dry, desert-like
interiorof Australia.
72Agriculture of australia - Wheat is theleading crop
- Sheep, 30% ofthe world market
- Beef (5thin world) \\ refrigerated ships since 1880’s have enabled global meat shipments
- Dairy, close tourban areas
- ~ 9% Land isarable
73New Zealand Population - ~4.5 millionpeople
- ~ 87% of peopleare European ancestry
- ~ 85% live incities
- Auckland (N.Island) is largest city.
- Wellington (N.Island) is the capital.
74New Zealand Economic50% Pastureland
Farming supplements pastureland 1 Cultural Pluralism (Pluralistic society) A society in which two or more population groups, each practicing its own culture, live adjacent to each other
without mixing inside a single state. 2 Physiographic provinces (regions) A region within which there prevails substantial natural-landscape homogeneity, expressed by a certain degree
of uniformity in surface relief, climate, vegetation, and soils.
3 Rain shadow effect The relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges caused by orographic precipitaion, wherein moist air
masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands. 4 Fossil fuels The energy resources of coal, natural gas, and petroleum (oil), so named collectively because they were formed
by the geologic compression and transformation of tiny plant and animal organisms. 5 Sunbelt Name given to the Southern tier of the U.S. (anchored by CA, TX, FL). Its warm climate, recreation...have been
attracting many people since the 60's. Definition may include much of the Western U.S. including CO and the coastal PNW.
6 Migration A change in residence intended to be permanent. (See forced, internal, international, and voluntary migration).
7 Push factors / Pull factors (Push-pull concept) The idea that migration flows are simultaneously stimulated by conditions in the source area, which tend to drive
people away, and by the percieved attractiveness of the destination. 8 American Manufacturing Belt No. America's near-rectangular Core Region, (corners are Boston, Milwalkee, St. Louis, & Baltimore), dominated
the industrial geography of the U.S. and Canada during the industrial age; still an economic powerhouse at the realm's geographic heart.
9 Ghettos Intraurban region marked by a particular ethnic character. Often an inner-city poverty zone. Ghetto residents are
invountarily segregated from other income and racial groups. 10 Outer cities The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis; no longer "sub" to the "urb," this outer ring was
transformed into a full-fledged city during the late 20th century. 11 Suburban downtowns
A significant concentration of major urban activities around a highly accessible suburban location, including retail, light industry, and a variety of corporate and commercial operations. The largest are now coequal to a central business district.
12 Postindustrial (economy) Emerging economy, as traditional industry is is eclipsed by a higher-technology productive complex dominated
by services, info-related, & managerial activities. 13 Primary (economic activity) Activities engaged in the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment such as mining, fishing,
lumbering, and especially agriculture. 14 Secondary (economic activity) Activities that process raw materials and transform them into finished industrial products; the manufacturing
sector. 15 Tertiary (economic activity) Activities that engage in services - such as transporation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based
jobs.
16 Quaternary (economic activity) Activities engaged in the collection, processing, and manipulation of information. 17 Mosaic culture Emerging cultural-geographic look of the U.S., dominated by fragmentaion of specialized social groups into
homogeneous groups of interest marked by income, race, ethnicity & age, status, lifestyle. (Mosaic of myriad uniform but separate tiles).
18 Technopoles Planned techno-industrial complexes (ie Silicon Valley) that innovate, promote, and manufacture the products of
the postindustrial informational economy. 19 Pacific Rim Countries (clockwise from New Zealand to Chile) facing the Pacific, evince high levels of economic development,
industrialization, & urbanization: their imports/exports mainly move across Pacific waters.
1 Region Areas of the Earth's surface marked by certain properties. - based on human (cultural) or physical (natural) characteristics or both - regions are smaller and more detailed then realms - All regions have: an area, boundaries and location 2 Homogeneity degree of sameness 3 Formal Region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity or more phenomena. -called uniform region or homogenous region - Ex: English language, global spread, economic development, levels 4 Functional Region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure - a spatial system focused on a central core. -a region formed by a set of places and their functional integration - also called 'nodal region' 5
Desertification result of climate change, places becoming deserts 6 Transition Zones where geographic realms meet, not sharp boundaries 7 Spatial Change where peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join 8 Realms The largest geographic units into which the world can be divided based on physical and human features - based on spatial criteria - the result of the interaction between human society and natural environments - represent the most comprehensive and encompassing definition of the great clusters of humankind in the world
today 9 Volcanoes opening or rupture in the Earth's crust which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface
10 Cartography the science and art of mapmaking 11 Population Density describes the number of people located in a given area 12 Plate Tectonics The theory that the earth's surface is made up of massive slabs of rock which are always moving, colliding with
one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions 13 Centrifugal force that divide a country or region 14 Centripetal forces that work to unite a country or region
15 Supranationalism An international cooperative venture involving the voluntary participation of three or more countries in an
economic or political association 16 Weathering caused by the processes of erosion and deposition 17 Deposition adding of particles 18 Erosion Removing of particles
19 Kopen-Geiger system based on temperature, precipitation, and natural vegetation criteria. - A: tropical - B: dry - C: mild midlatitude - D: midlatitude with cold winters - E: Polar - H: Highlands 20 Four Major Clusters of Population 1. East Asia, 2. South Asia, 3. Europe, 4. Eastern North America 21 Cultural Landscape The composite of human imprints on the earth's surface 22 Cultural Hearth The source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond 23 Culture shared patterns of learned behavior
- components: beliefs, institutions, and technology 24 Hurricane is an intense, rotating oceanic weather system where maximum sustained winds exceed 74 mph 25 Hydrological System Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff 26 Globalization cultural economic integration - cultural homogenization 27 Primate City A country's leading urban center is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national feelings,
such as Paris is to France
28 Balkanization To break up into smaller and often hostile units - applied to the southern half of Eastern Europe 29 Irredentism A policy of cultural extension and political expansion aimed at a national group living in a neighboring country 30 Ethnic Cleansing refers to the forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by stronger powers bent on taking their
territory 31 Shatter Belt A term applied to Eastern Europe by geographers to describe a zone of chronic political splintering and fracturing - Ex: break up of former Yugoslavia 32 The Core Areas of the World Constitute the area where the richer countries are clustered
33 State In political geography terms, a clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a
capital city and recognized by a large portion of the international community 34 Nation-state A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity - Ex: Japan 35 City refers to a municipal entity that is governed by some kind of administrative organization 36 Von Thunen's isolated state model - 1st ring: perishable items such as dairy, fruit and vegetables - 2nd ring: forest - 3rd ring: cattle wool - 4th ring: grain
37 Physiological Density population per unit of cultivated land 38 Lingua Franca A bridge language of national politics, commerce and trade 39 Spatial Interaction made up of complementarity, intervening opportunity, and transferability 40 Complementarity Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy
each other's demands 41 Transferability The capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost
42 Intervening Opportunity the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. 43 Devolution The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the
expense of the central government. 44 Map Scale the ratio of distance between two places on a map and the actual distance between those two places on the
earth's surface
1Land bridgeNarrow (land) link between two large land masses. Geologically temporary-subject to appearance & disappearance as the land or sea level rises & falls. 2ArchipelagoA set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain.
3Culture hearthsHeartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture. 4Mainland-Rimland frameworkEuropean Mainland (Mexico to Panama, minus Carribean coast) was self-sufficient, dominated by hacienda land tenure. Euro-African Rimland (Carribean coast + the islands) was the plantation zone & relied heavily on trade w/ Europe. 5Mestizo(Latin: mixed). Refers to a person of mixed European (white) and Amerindian ancestry. 6HaciendaA large estate in Spanish-speaking country. Sometimes equated with the plantation, but there are important differences between these 2 types of agricultural enterprise. 7Plantation
A large estate organized to produce cash crop. Almost all plantations were established w/in the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings/reorganized as co-ops. 8AcculturationCultural modification resulting from intercultural borrowing. Refers to change that occurs in the culture of indigenous peopls when contact is made w/ a society that is technologically superior. 9TransculturationCultural borrowing & 2-way exchanges that occur when different cultures of about equal complexity & technological level come into close contact. 10MaquiladorasNew factories @ Mexico's U.S. border. Assemble imported components &/or raw materials, then export finished goods, mainly to the U.S. Import duties are disappearing under NAFTA, bringing jobs to Mexico & low wage rates to the factory owners. 11Dry canalAn overland rail &/or road corridor across a land bridge...performing the transit functions of a canalized waterway. Best adapted to the movement of containerized cargo, there must be a port @ each end to handle the break-of-bulk process.
12Altitudinal zonesVertical regions defined by physical-environmental zones at various elevations, esp. in the highlands of So. & Middle Amer. 13Tierra caliente (1. lowest)Lowest zone of settled Middle & So. Amer. The hot humid coastal plain & adjacent slopes. Vegetation is dense, luxuriant tropical rainforest. Crops include sugar& bananas (lower areas) & coffee, tobacco & corn (higher slopes). 14Tierra templada (2. second from the bottom)The intermediate zone in Middle & So. Amer. Temperate, w/ moderate temps compared to the tierra caliente below. Crops include coffee, tobacco, corn & some wheat. 15Tierra fria (3. third from the bottom, middle)Cold, high-lying zone in Andean So. Amer. Coniferous trees, upward to scrub & grassland. There are also important pastures w/in the fria, & wheat can be cultivated. 16
Tierra helada (4. fourth from the bottom)Highest lying inhabitable zone in Andean So. Amer. Too cold & barren to support anything but the grazing of sheep & other hardy livestock. 17Tierra nevada (5. highest)The highest, coldest zone in Andean So. Amer. Uninhabitable. Permanent snow & ice. 18Tropical deforestationThe clearing & destruction of forests (esp. tropical rainforests) to make way for expanding settlement frontiers & the exploitation of new economic opportunities. 19MulattoA person of mixed African (black) and European (white) ancestry.
1the idealized spanish town is mesoamerica hada central square or plaza
a gridiron layout
a location near good agricultural land
2what is the chinese name for tibetxizang 3the largest conurbation in japan istokyo-yokohama-kawasaki 4the slums of south ameriacs large cities are known asfavelas or barrios 5Which city is located in the last outpost of the Republic of China, which was first proclaimed in 1912 and is now situated on the island of Taiwan:taipei 6A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land bodies is known as a(n):isthmus
7what exists in a majority of the countries in south americastrong cultural pluralism 8what country alone account for more than half the population and land of south americabrazil 9the _________ portion of south america is the most developed and the __________ portion is the least developedsouthern= most
northeastern= least
10which island was not colonized by the dutchluzon 11the ethnic group forming a signigicant part of the commerical class in southeast asia are thechinese
12What is the name of the mountain range that dominates the western side of South America?andes 13The Pacific region called ___________ takes its name from the word for many, and is contained within a huge triangle whose corners are New Zealand, Easter Island, and the Hawaiian Islands.polynesia 14native australians are known as aborigines 15Japan's recent economic problems are a result of heavy dependence on foreign oil
the rise of competing economic powers in east asia
financial mismanagement
losses in investments made in other countries
16japans aging population is creating...labor shortages 17why are japans relations with russia strainedas a result of a longstanding dispute over the kurile islands closest to japan 18why are japans relations with china difficultbecause of memories of the japanese (unapologized-for) behavior during world war II 19why are japanese tourists less satidfied with life in japanafter seeing how those in the west live 20what is chinas population close to1.3 billion
21In Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, most of the people are adherents of :buddhism 22Which country was once part of British India?Myanman (burma) 23Mestizos are persons who are of mixed ____________ heritage.european and amerindian 24The small oil rich Islamic sultanate of Insular Southeast Asia is:brunei 25
The administrative center of the Incan Empire was the city of:cuzco 26argentinas dominant city itbuenos aires 27what was a pivotal and formative period in Chinese history, when the Chinese sphere of influence was enlarged, land reform occurred, and external trade commencedthe han dynasty 28Almost ____ percent of South Americans live in urban areas.80% 29Southeast Asia, compared to the South Asia realm, is:less densely populated
30The Khmer Rouge killed as many as 2 million people in an attempt to change the society of:cambodia 31The best example of an elongated state in South America, and probably the world, is:chile 32New Zealand's largest ethnic minority group, whose roots are Polynesian, is known as the:maori 33agriculture is southeast asia is limites bygenerally infertile tropical soils 34Two former colonial entities that reunited with China during the late 1990s aremacaue and hong kong
35taiwan is located off th oast ofchina 36the outcome of the korean war in the 1950's wasa military stalemate resulting in the continued divison of the country 37chinas three largesr citiesbeijing, tianjin, shanghia 38what country is a good example of a buffer statemongolia 39japan south korea and taiwan constiture the ___________ triangledeng xiaoping
40japans population....is expected to decline over the next half century 41The dynasty that ruled China from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 200 was so influential in the formation of the country that most Chinese today still consider themselves the “people of __________.”han dynasty 42The capital of South Korea, which is located just south of the DMZ that marks the border with North Korea, is the city of seoul 43Which country-river association is incorrect?
a. Laos--Pearl
b. northern Vietnam--Red
c. Thailand--Chao Phraya
d. Myanmar--Irrawaddy
e. southern Vietnam--Mekong
loas--pearl
44In 1965, _______ broke away from Malaysia and became a separate political entity in Southeast Asia.singapore 45The largest Muslim country in the world in terms of population is: indonesia 46The vast interior rural area of Australia is known as the:outback 47In 1982 Argentina fought a war with Britain over:the falkland islands 48Middle America's largest country today in terms of both area and population is:
mexico 49The country of ___________ is currently South America's leading exporter of crude oil.venezuela 50is a fragmented state of over 7000 islands that was a Spanish colony for over 300 years, and about 80% of its people are Catholic. philippines1AltiplanosHigh-elevation plateaus, basins, or valleys between even higher mtn ranges, esp. in the Andes of So. America. 2Land alienationOne society or culture group taking land from another. 3Plural societiesA society in which two or more population groups, each practicing it's own culture, live adjacent to each other w/out mixing inside a single state.
4Commercial (agriculture)For-profit agriculture 5SubsistenceExisting on the minimum necessities to sustain life; spending most of one's time in pursuit of survival. 6Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)The ultimate goal of supranational economic integration in No., Middle, and So. Amer.: the creation of a single-market trading bloc that would involve every country in the W. Hem. btwn the Artic shore of Canada and Cape Horn at the S. tip of Chile. 7UrbanizationProportion of a country's pop. living w/in urban areas. Movement to & clustering of ppl in towns & cities. Expanding city absorbs rural countryside & makes suburbs -which also generates peripheral shantytowns in disadvantaged countries. 8Rural-to-urban migration
The dominant migration flow fm country-side to city that continues to transform the world's pop., most notably in the less advantaged geographic realms. 9MegacitiesInformal term referring to the world's most heavily populated cities. Refers to a metropolis containing a pop. of greater than 10 million. 10"Latin" American city (model)The Griffin-Ford model of intraurban spatiial structure in the Middle American and So. American realms. (See Fig. 5-8) 11Informal sectorDominated by unlicensed sellers of homemade goods & svcs, the primitive form of capitalism found in many developing countries that takes place beyond the control of gov't. 12Barrios / Favelas"Neighborhood" in Spanish. Shantytown on the outskirts or even well w/in an urban area. (Favelas = in Brazil).
13Insurgent stateTerritorial embodiment of succesful guerrilla movement. The establishment by antigovernment insurgents of a territorial base in which they exercise full control. A state w/in a state. 14Failed stateA country whose institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails. (ie: Somalia). 15von Thunen modelExplains location of agricultural activities in a commercial economy. Process of spatial competition allocates farming activities into concentric rings around a central market city, w/ profit-capability determining how far a crop locates fm market. 16El Nino (Southern Oscillation)Periodic, large-scale, abnormal warming of the sea surface in the low latitudes of the Pacific that has global implications, disturbing normal weather patterns -esp. in So. Amer. 17Forward capitalCapital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border; confirms the state's determination to maintain presence in the region in contention.
18CerradoFertile savannas of Brazil's interior Central-West. One of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers (Fig. 5-5). Soybeans=leading crop, & other grains & cotton are expanding. Inadequate transport to the outside world are a problem. 19Growth-pole conceptAn urban center w/ certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate
1Jammu and KashirAn area whose control is hotly disputed between India and Pakistan 2Indus Riverlargest river in Pakistan 3TehranThe capital of Iran which is located in the foothills of the Elburz Mountains
4Borders of PakistanAfghanistan, India, China, Iran 5African Transition Zone populationsNorth= Non-MuslimSouth= Muslim 6Abu Dhabithis city lost a good part of its hinterland to Pakistan in the partitioning of British India 7Afghanistanknown as a classic buffer state 8The Islamic Frontlocated in the African Transition Zone
9West AfricaFrance and Britain were two colonial powers that dominated this area 10Pandemica disease that spreads worldwide 11Endemicsudden outbreak at local and regional scale 12The Congoused to be a belgium colony before its independence 13Iran
differs from most of the north african/ southwest asian realm because it is predominantly Shi'ite. 14East Africahome to the Serengheti Plain, and its unique landscape and wildlife make it a popular destination for tourism 15Scramble for AfricaThe competition by European powers to divide Africa's territory into colonies during the 19th century 16GhanaThe first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast 17Medical GeographyThe systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases
18Turkeyis in a complicated position as it tries to maintain an Islamic identity and its historical ties with Islamic countries to the east, while also trying to satisfy Western demands necessary to achieve admission to the European Union. 19Christianity, Islam, and Tribal Religionsreligious traditions that have influenced African culture both before and after the arrival of the Europeans. 20NairobiCapital of Kenya, home to 3 million people 21Somalia 22MadagascarThis large island, off the southeastern coast of Africa, is home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals, many found nowhere else on Earth
23Johannesburg This city is the largest city in South Africa, and is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa. It has a population of about 3.6 million people and is a center of the gold and diamond trade 24AngolaThis country in Southern Africa was once a Portuguese colony, and after independence, suffered through a violent civil war from 1975-2002. Its capital city is Luanda, with a population of around 5 million people 25CameroonThis former French colony in Equatorial Africa is located to the east of the former British colony of Nigeria, and its capital is the city of Yaounde 26TanzaniaThis East African country is home to Serengeti National Park and Mount Kilimanjaro, and the major coastal city of Dar es Salaam 27Democratic Republic of CongoThis Central African country, formerly known as Zaire, has its capital at Kinshasa, and is dominated by the Congo River basin
28ZimbabweThis country was formerly part of the British colony of Rhodesia, and its president, Robert Mugabe, has been in power since the end of the country's post-independence civil war in 1979. The country's capital is the city of Harare 29Wahhabismsect of Islam, found in Saudi Arabia 30Saudi ArabiaHome to Mecca and Medina- Islamic absolute monarchy 31Aral SeaSoviets diverted water from the two main rivers feeding into the Aral for irrigating cotton and rice.- has shrunk down to only about 20% of its original size-salt concentrations increased, can't support life
32Major Geographic qualities of Subsaharan Africa- a plateau continent that is physiographically unique, comprised of dozens of nations and hundreds of ethnic groups, a realm of people dependent on farming, state boundaries represent colonial legacies, dislocated people and largest refugee population, raw materials and resource potential. 33Berlin ConferenceEuropean states divide up Africa without consideration of indigenous culturesResults: African people divided, unified regions ripped apart, hostile societies thrown together, hinterlands disrupted, migration routes closed off. 34Colonial PoliciesGreat Britain: Indirect Rule, France: Assimilation, Portugal: Exploitation, Belgium: Paternalistic 35Decolonization of AfricaMovement that began at the end of World War II, imperial powers were weakened by war.- pressure from inside the colonies for independence, some transitions were peaceful, others were violent and chaotic- was finished by the mid 1970s- ultimately fragmented countries 36
SahelArabic word for border or margin 37Desertificationprinciple environmental problem 38NomadismA zone where people are ethnically African but culturally Arab 39HinduismThe world's oldest religion, originated in the cultural hearth of the indus river valley
1What type of govement does canada haveParliamentry 2What kid of gov. does US haveFree Republic
3United states is __ in terms of territoral size4th 4Canada is __ in terms of territoral size2nd 5United states is __ in terms of population4 6Canada is __ in terms of population36 7The northern boundry of north america isArtic Ocean
8The eastern boundry of north american isAtlantic Ocean 9The western boundray of north america isPacific Ocean 10The southern boundary of north america isMexico, Panama border 11The southern boundary of Anglo-America isMexico 12North America is a __region
Physical 13Anglo- American is a __Regioncultural 14The longesdt open international bored in the world is between what 2 countriescanada and US 15a major exception to anglo-america in canada is the province of quebec 16long island is part of what statenew york
17the flatland regions are1. canadian sheild
2. great plains
3. interior lowlands
4. artic coastal plain
5. gulf-atlantic coastal plain
18The cascades are primarily in what 2 statesOregon and washington 19Which state contains the Sierra Nevada’s?California 20The major mountain range in the east is the Appalacians 21
the plateaus in the east arepiedmont and cumberland 22The mountains primarily in the Carolinas are smoky mountains 23The mountains in Virginia are called theblue ridge 24what moutains are located in pennsylvaniacatskills and great smoky 25What moutains are in New YorkAderondack and Poconos
26The berkshires are located inMassachusetts 27What moutains are in New HampshireThe white moutains 28What moutains are in vermontThe green mountains 29The five great lakes drain into the __ RiverSt Lawrence 30The 4 tributaries of the Mississippi River areRed, Ohio, Arkansas, Missouri
31What 2 rivers form the ohio riverAllegney and Monoganela 32Name the 2 main tributaries of the ohio riverCumberland and tennessee 33into what body f water does the red river of the north flowLake Winipeg 34Name the 2 largest rivers or the western USColorado and Columbia 35What is the large canadian river that flows into the artic oceanMackenzie
36What is the principal river of alaskayukon 37What state is virtually a peninsulaflorida 38what state is 2 peninsulasmichigan 39What peninsula contains one state and portions of two (2) other states?Del marva 40What bay is in the center of the Canadian Shield?Hudson Bay
41What bay adjoins with thie larger bayJames bay 42What bay is along the northwestern shore of lake michiganGreen Bay 43what state has a shoreline on 4 of the 5 great lakesMichigan 44How many air mass source regions influence the weather patterns in the United States?5 45What weather results from these air masseshighly diverse weather
46List all the climates found in Anglo-America by Koppen symbol. Aw, BS, BW, Cfa, Cfb, Csa, Csb, Dfa, Dfb, Dfc, EP, ET, H 47What climate type is found in east central ILDfa 48Rainfall decreases rapidly __ of the __ meridianwest, 100th 49Where are the needleleaf forests found in the USSoutheast, Pacific Northwest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan 50WHere are the needleleaf forests in Canada
Canadas Dfc climatic zone 51Where are the grasslands of Anglo-AmericaU.S. Midwest, U.S. Great Plains, U.S. Great Basin, Canadian Prairie Provinces 52where are the deserts in the USSouthwest U.S. – Mojave, Sonora; U.S. Great Basin – Great Salt Lake, Harney (Nevada) 53what percent of the worlds newspring is produced by canadian forests50% 54soials are a key resource of the US east of the ___ meridian1
55Name the major coal fields in anglo- americaAnthrocite
Bithuminous
Sub Bithuminous
lignite
56The major oil production area isGulf Coast 57Where are the lesser oils fields locatedAppalacian
IL
OK
West Texas
58What percent of the oil consumed is produced at home37%
59Name the 3 main zones in which mineral deposits are locatedcanadian shield
Appalacian land
West rockies./ Sierra nevada
60A major iron ore deposit in the United States is the range in northeastern Minnesota, just west of Lake Superior.mesabi 61what mineral is mined in sudbury ontarionickel 62what mineral is extrcted from the mines in southern quebecespestes
63What is the population of the US300 mil 64What is the population of canada31 mil 65What type of society do they call canada and USpluralistic 66The 3 culture hearths of the eastern US seaboad areNew England
Middle atlantic
tidewater
67the fastest growing minority in the US isLatino/ Hispanics
68The AA pop remains fairly stable at __% of US total13 69What are the 7 values and beliegs of the American Nativist Culturedesire for newness
desire to be by native
social acceptance
freedom to move
individualism
70__% OF CANADIAN POP SPEAK ENGLISH23 71__% of canadian pop speak frence60
72what is "francophone"french speaking by law 73the majority of churchgoers adhere to the ___faithChristian 74In what parts of the US do most Roman Catholics resideeast, manufacturing belt 75In what pats of the US do most of the Protestant Christians resideSouth, Upper midwest 76In what pats of the US do most of the Jewish reside
New York 77Is agriculture still an important sector in the economy of Anglo-AmericaYes 78What main agricultural commodities do the US lead the worldcorn and soybeans 79Wheat is grown ingreat plains (kansas) 80Corn is grown inIL and Iowa
81Beef Cattle comes fromTexas (great Plains) 82Dairy comes fromsWI, NY, CA 83Fruits and veggies come from CA, FL, TX 84What has happened to agricultural producation in the US cotton beltsoils depleated 85How much of the US work force is engaged in agriculture2%
86What are the 4 corners of the American Manfacturing belt locatedMilwaukee, St Louis, Baltimoe, Boston 87the 5th corner of the manufacturing belt istoronto 88the industrial belt of the US is built around a dozen ___ districtsUrban- industrial 89the Urban industrial districts are linked by a ___ network in connected to ___transportation, manufacturing centers 90what factors have cause the decline of traditonal industry in the American Munufacturing beltLabor resources
foreigh competition
91What are the 2 main goals of the industrial revitalization effortmodernize robotics
regain leadership in global market place
92Name the 5 leadig growth industires of the evolving post-industrial societygov
social services
military
universites
economic enterprises
93What are the first 4 conditions likely to attract high- tech company to a localityaffordable housing
major univ. with graduaute programs
94NAFTA meansterror free 95The non-contigious states in the US areAlaska
Hawaii
96A common and major caribbean territory of the US is Puerto Rico 97List the 8 subregions of Anglo American RealmNE
South
Mid atlantic
Pacific coast
Midwest
southwest
98list the 3 major migrations that have occured in us historyeast-west
rurals - n cities
snowbelt-sunbelt
99Where is the U.S. industrial revitalization effort centeredmidwest 100What are the 3 maritime provinces of canadaprince edward island, nova scotia, new brunswick 101What are the 3 prairie provinces of canadaAlbert, Manitopa, Sachashaw
102The Upper canadian provinve isontario 103The canadian province that is divided into 2 parts isNewfoundland 104What are the names of the 2 divisions in newfoudlandlabrador
newfoundland
105What 2 territores are part of canada 106What is the name that has been selected for the inuit amerindian homeland in canadanunavut
107How do canadian cities typiclly differ from us citiesmore compact
not spready out
1Total area of East Asia3.6 million 2Today the ________ is playing a major role in the economic (and cultural) transformation of coastal Chinaocean 3Climatic gradients of chinanorth: cold
east: wet
south: warm
west: dry
4one of the worlds great culture hearths
china 5imperial forbidden citybeijing 6chinas political systemcommunist 7capital of chinabeijing 8port city of chinatianjin
9largest city of chinashanghai 10how many provinces in china22 (grow in size from east to west) 11easterb half; the core of chinachina proper 12tall mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated(tibet)xizang 13vast desert basin and mountain rims; a cultural contact zonexinjiang
14a desert, buffer statemongolia 15the jakota trianglejapan, south korea, taiwan,
rapid economic development
16urban environmental problems in chinaair pollution
congestion
water pollution
17chinas economic problemsserious energy shortage
transportation infastructure poorly developed
environmental degradation
18deng xiaoping eratook power in 1979 as a "pragmatic moderate"
created SEZ's, open cities and open coastal areas
19what does SEZ stand forspecial economic zones 20first four coastal cities increased to __ cities15 21designed to attract foreign investments, concentrated along Pacific coast deltas and peninsulasopen coastal areas 22
special economic zonesinvestor incentives
low taxes
easing of import and export regulations
simplified land leases
hring of contract labor permitted
produts may be sold in foreign markets and in china
location was prime consideration
23an open city sometimes called the little shanghaiqingdao 24what does hong kong meanfragrant harbor
1RegionAreas of the Earth's surface marked by certain properties.- based on human (cultural) or physical (natural) characteristics or both- regions are smaller and more detailed then realms- All regions have: an area, boundaries and location
2Homogeneitydegree of sameness 3Formal Regionmarked by a certain degree of homogeneity or more phenomena.-called uniform region or homogenous region- Ex: English language, global spread, economic development, levels 4Functional Regionmarked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure- a spatial system focused on a central core.-a region formed by a set of places and their functional integration- also called 'nodal region' 5Desertificationresult of climate change, places becoming deserts 6Transition Zoneswhere geographic realms meet, not sharp boundaries
7Spatial Changewhere peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join 8RealmsThe largest geographic units into which the world can be divided based on physical and human features- based on spatial criteria- the result of the interaction between human society and natural environments- represent the most comprehensive and encompassing definition of the great clusters of humankind in the world today 9Volcanoesopening or rupture in the Earth's crust which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface 10Cartographythe science and art of mapmaking
11Population Densitydescribes the number of people located in a given area 12Plate TectonicsThe theory that the earth's surface is made up of massive slabs of rock which are always moving, colliding with one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions 13Centrifugalforce that divide a country or region 14Centripetalforces that work to unite a country or region 15SupranationalismAn international cooperative venture involving the voluntary participation of three or more countries in an economic or political association
16Weatheringcaused by the processes of erosion and deposition 17Depositionadding of particles 18ErosionRemoving of particles 19Kopen-Geiger systembased on temperature, precipitation, and natural vegetation criteria.- A: tropical- B: dry- C: mild midlatitude- D: midlatitude with cold winters- E: Polar- H: Highlands
20Four Major Clusters of Population1. East Asia, 2. South Asia, 3. Europe, 4. Eastern North America 21Cultural LandscapeThe composite of human imprints on the earth's surface 22Cultural HearthThe source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond 23Cultureshared patterns of learned behavior- components: beliefs, institutions, and technology 24Hurricaneis an intense, rotating oceanic weather system where maximum sustained winds exceed 74 mph
25Hydrological SystemEvaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff 26Globalizationcultural economic integration- cultural homogenization 27Primate CityA country's leading urban center is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national feelings, such as Paris is to France 28BalkanizationTo break up into smaller and often hostile units- applied to the southern half of Eastern Europe 29IrredentismA policy of cultural extension and political expansion aimed at a national group living in a neighboring country
30Ethnic Cleansingrefers to the forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by stronger powers bent on taking their territory 31Shatter BeltA term applied to Eastern Europe by geographers to describe a zone of chronic political splintering and fracturing- Ex: break up of former Yugoslavia 32The Core Areas of the WorldConstitute the area where the richer countries are clustered 33StateIn political geography terms, a clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a capital city and recognized by a large portion of the international community
34Nation-stateA country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity- Ex: Japan 35Cityrefers to a municipal entity that is governed by some kind of administrative organization 36Von Thunen's isolated state model- 1st ring: perishable items such as dairy, fruit and vegetables- 2nd ring: forest- 3rd ring: cattle wool- 4th ring: grain 37Physiological Densitypopulation per unit of cultivated land 38Lingua FrancaA bridge language of national politics, commerce and trade
39Spatial Interactionmade up of complementarity, intervening opportunity, and transferability 40ComplementarityExists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands 41TransferabilityThe capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost 42Intervening Opportunitythe presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. 43DevolutionThe process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.
44Map Scalethe ratio of distance between two places on a map and the actual distance between those two places on the earth's surface
1oil, desert, and strategic locationarabian peninsula 225.4 million people with the worlds greatest oil reservessaudi arabia 3impacts of oilhigh incomes
industrialization
modernization
4holy cities for islamMecca and Medina (in saudi arabia) 5saudi arabia's capitalRiyadh 6oil accounts for more than __% of saudi arabias exports90% 7the impact of oil wealth is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than in Dubai 8gulf of oman, strait of hormuz, capital is Muscat, nearly a quarter of its pop of 2.8 million are non-nationalsOman
9capital is sana'a, territory includes over 200 islandsyemen 10the empire statesturkey and iran 11Turkish ottoman empirenomadic people from siberia
established an empire streching from mongolia to the black sea
spread the turkish language
declined in the early 1900's
12father of modern turkeymustafa kemel
13moved Turkey capital from constaninople to ankaramustafa kemel 14westernizes turkey and broke free form the arab worldMustafa kemal 15what alphabet replaced arabicroman 16islamic law replaced bywestern code 17westernizationislam lost offical status
woman gained rights
turkey separate from arab world
18during westernization what became a lawmonogamy 19what population is 1/5 of turkeys 75.6 millionKurdish population (14 million) 20capital cityistanbul 21a country of mountains and desertsiran (pop of 72 million) 22predominantly shi'itesiran
23five states of the former USSKazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
kyrgyzstan
tajikistan
24Inland sea in Central Asia –along ancient trading routes (now part of the independent republic of Kazakhstan)Aral sea 25used for irrigating cotton and rice producing agricultural lanaral sea 26region not a countryturkestan
27largest landlocked country in the worldKazakhstan 28worlds largest dry steppe regionkazakh steppe 29oil producer, largest economy in central asiakazakhstan 30buffer stateafghanistan 31
A disease that spreads worldwide is known as a(n):pandemic 32Before independence, the modern state of The Congo was a colony ofbelgium 33Iran differs from most of the North Africa/Southwest Asian realm in thatits predomintatly shi'ite 34East Africa is home to the ___________ ________, and its unique landscape and wildlife make it a popular destination for tourismSerengheti Plain 35The competition by European powers to divide Africa's territory into colonies during the 19th century is known as the scramble for africa
36The first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast, is: ghana 37The systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases is called .......medical geography 38The country of _________ is in a complicated position as it tries to maintain an Islamic identity and its historical ties with Islamic countries to the east, while also trying to satisfy Western demands necessary to achieve admission to the European Union.Turkey 39Identify three religious traditions that have influenced African culture both before and after the arrival of the EuropeansChristianity, Islam, and African tribal religions 40Africa is a realm of people dependent on ______ for their livelihoodfarming
41state boundaries represent _______ _______colonial legacies 42africa has the largest ______ population worldwiderefugee 43-Exists in equilibrium with the population
-Many develop an immunity of sorts
-Saps energy, lowers resistance, shortens lies
endemic 44sudden outbreak at local, regional scaleepidemic
45worldwide spread of diseasepandemic 46European states divided up Africa without consideration of indigenous culturesBerlin Conference 1884 47results of superimposed boundariesAfrican peoples: divided
Unified regions: ripped apart
Hostile societies: thrown together
Hinterlands: disrupted
Migration routes: closed off
48Indigenous power structures were left intact to some degree and local rulers were made representatives of the crown"Indirect Rule"
Great Britain (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe)
49Enforced a direct rule which propagated the French culture through language, laws, education and dress (acculturation)"Assimilationist"
France (Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast etc.)
50First to enslave and colonize and one of the last to grant independence
Maintained rigid control; raw resource oriented
Portugal- "Exploitation" 51Treated Africans as though they where children who needed to be tutored in western ways; did not try to make them BelgianBelgium- "Paternalistic" 52Movements began at the end of World War II
Imperial powers weakened by war
Pressure from within colonies for self-determination and independence
Some transitions were peaceful, others violent and chaotic
Decolonization of Africa
53Movement of good is from th interior to coastal outletstransportation facilities 54___________ within africa is impeded by desert, dense forest, and lack of navigable rivers in certain regionscommunication 55______ _______ remains intact; most states rely on a single crop or mineral and are vulnerable to the world marketsdual economy 56not an urban realm with relatively low overall urbanizationurban africa 57plateau country that is rich in natural resources and agricultually diverse
southern africa 58System of legal racial segregationapartheid (1948-1994) 59has 11 ofical languagessouth africa 60lies astride the equator, mainly highlands, serengeti plain, cool and dryeast africa 61dominant state in east africakenya
62astride the equator, mainly lowland country, vast areas of rainforestequatorial africa 63coincides with the border between british-influneced nigeria and friend acculturated Cameroonthe adamawa highlands 64dominated by the congo river, the most underdeveloped region in the realm, extensive resourcesequatorial africa 65language predominant in most states in equatorial africafrench 66numerous small countries, differing colonial legacieswest africa
67Hausa-fulani, yoruba, ibo are...the three regions Nigeria was composed of 68currently a federal stae under a military governmentnigeria 69arabic word for border or marginsahel 70principal environmental problemdesertification 71a zone where people are ethnically african but culturally arabAfrican transition zone (nomadism)
72Years of conflict, famine, disease, population explosion, and environmental degradation
Weak, unstable governments
High levels of ethnic conflict
Growing numbers of refugees
Horn of Africa-Somalia, Ethiopia, Somaliland, Djibouti, and Eritrea 73failed state, no effective central government for decades, control by warlordssomalia 74major rivers in south asiaganges and indus 75rising prosperity, endemic poverty, cultrual regionalism, boundary tensionssouth asia
76positive impacts of the monsoonrainfall for agriculture
breaks a hot and dry season
replenishes water supplies
highlysybolic
77negative imapcts of the monssonflooding
homelessness
disease
malnutrition
78with is south asia a culturally fragmented realmdue to significant relgious and linguistic diversity 79what emerged from the beliefs and practices brought to India by the Indo-Europeans (Aryans) -(6th century BC)Hinduism
80born of discontent, made the state religion of India in 3rd century BCbuddhism 81what swept through northern india in the late 10th century ADIslam 82worlds oldest religionhinduism 83religious contrast between islam and hinduismIslam has no idols, one sacred book, intolerant of other religions, bury dead
Hinduism has many idols, various sacred writings, absorb other religions, burn dead
84
southern african country was once a portuguese colony and after independence suffered through a violent civil warangola (pop 5 million) 85largest city in south africajohannesburg 86wealthiest province in south africa, center of the gold and diamond tradejohannesburg 87large island off the southeastern coast of africa, home to thousands of unique species of plants and animalsmadagascar 88east african country home to serengeti national park and mount kilimanjaro, adn the coastal city of Dar es Salaamtanzania
89capital of iran and is located in the foothills of the elburz mountainstehran 90country formerly part of the british colony of rhodesia, capital is hararezimbabwe 91robert mugabe has been in power of what country since the end of the countrys post-independence civil war in 1979zimbabwe 92france and britain were two colonial powers that dominated this areawest africa 93a former french colony in equatorial africa that is located to the east of nigeria and its capital is yaoundecameroon
94an area whose cotrol is hotly disputed between india and pakistanjammu and kashir 95african transition zone populationsnorth= non-muslim
south= muslim
96this city lost a good part of its hinterland to pakistan in the partitoning of british indiaabu dhabi 97capital of kenya, home to 3 million peoplenairobi 98section of islam, found in saudi arabiawahhabismRealm
large segments of the earth's surface having the same broad culture complexes 2Relative Location the position of one place with respect to another place or set of places 3Functional Region (nodal region) has a definite center or node and is based on a level of homogeneity in spatial interaction patterns that occur between this center (core) and all other parts of this region (hinterland). ex: labor commuting sheds, newspaper circulation area 4Subduction one lithospheric plate goes under another 5Desertification the extreme deterioration of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas due to loss of vegetation and soil moisture
6World Population Trends prior to 8000 BC: negligible growth8000BC-1750: very slow growthpost 1750: very rapid growth 7Core, Periphery core: central zone of highest concentration and greatest homogeneitydomain: zone of less intensity and some diversitysphere: least intensity but still recognizable qualities 8Transition Zone most formal regions and all functional regions have "fuzzy boundaries" or transition zones. well-defined boundaries are only associated with political or administrative units 9Formal Regionsare relatively uniform throughout their area in terms of an identifying criterion or property. ex: political units, climatic regions, soil distributions 10Continental Drift theory of the break up of Pangaea, continents are constantly moving on lithospheric plates. supported by fossil evidence and tectonic theory
11Lithosphere the layer of the earth that is land, broken up into a number of rigid plates floating on magma 12Asthenosphere partially molten and pliable region under Earth's crust 13Climate the long term pattern and variation in temperature and moisture 14Culture patterns of learned behavior transferred from generation to generation 15
Globalizationpatterns of international migration, global language, international flows of capital, etc. have led to a highly interconnected world 16Absolute Location area of functional region surrounding the core 17Lingua Franca a secondary language understood by people who use it when they do not know the primary language of those with whom they wish to communicate 18Glaciation glaciers spread over land 19Immigrant someone who moves into a country
20emigrant someone who moves out of a country
21Developed vs. Developing Nation developed= mainly western nations, high levels of education, employment, literacy, access to health care,
soviet unionlasted about 70 years 2Russian populationshrinking by more than 750,000 per year- most people are found in the western part of the country 3Mesopotamiathe ancient name for the land between the tigris and euphrates rivers
4Nigerleast influenced by the spread of Islam 5ChechnyaA russian republic who fought a (still unresolved) war for independence from Moscow during the 1990s 6Siberiathe vast region of russia known as "Russia's freezer" and "sleeping land" 7Ottoman EmpireThe empire that ruled over much of Southwest Asia prior to World War I 8SunniThe sect of Islam that 85% of Muslims consider themselves
9Forward Capitalthe establishment of the headquarters of the russian empire in St. Petersburg 10the MaghrebThe western North African countries of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco 11Relocation Diffusionthe process of spatial diffusion whereby an innovation or idea carried by migrants to a distant location and diffuses from there 12Aswan High Damlocated on the Nile River 13Kurdish populationIraq's northern oil cities of Kirkuk and Mosul
14Darfur Provincethe recent scene of violent conflict and ethnic cleansing is located in the central-west portion of Siberia 15Permafrostpersistently frozen ground 16Golan HeightsSyria lost this territory to Israel during the Arab-Israeli conflicts 17Atlas Mountainsthe major mountain range in North Africa 18VladivostokThe eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
19TranscaucasiaThe territory south of the Russian border between the black and caspian sea 20Expansion diffusiona type of spatial diffusion whereby an innovation or idea spreads from an origin point and diffuses outward into new areas 21Ural Mountainsin west-central Russia that is sometimes regarded as the boundary between Europe and Asia 22Command EconomyUnder the Soviet economic system, assignment by the central government in Moscow, rather than market forces, controlled by the development of places 23IraqThe plain between tigris and euphrates rivers, once the source of great civilizations, is in this modern day country
24St. PetersburgA historic russian city, which was called Leningrad during the Soviet era, was established by Peter the Great as the forward capital of the Russian Empire and was renamed 25Aral Seathe body of water in Central Asia which was devastated by Soviet-era irrigation schemes, and latest estimates
This country, which is split between the Malay Peninsula and part of the island of Borneo, has its capital at Kuala Lumpur and recognizes Islam as its official religion.Malaysia 2This independent city-state is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, is one of the busiest ports in the world and a leading international finance center.Singapore 3This fragmented state of over 7000 islands, is a former Spanish colony and US possession, and its capital and primate city is ManilaPhilippines
4This former Dutch colony, with the largest Muslim population in the world and a capital at Jakarta, is spread out over more than 17,000 islands and has suffered numerous natural disasters due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire.Indonesia 5This country of about 52 million is the former British colony of Burma, and has been ruled by a military government since 1962. Myanmar 6This city is the capital of Thailand, and is a major transportation hub and gateway for tourists coming to Thailand and the surrounding region.Bangkok 7This city along Australia's southeastern coast is the country's largest and most populous city, and serves as the state capital of New South Wales.Sydney
8This country off the southeastern coast of Australia is mainly comprised of two large islands, North Island and South Island, and a number of small islands. Its capital is at Wellington, and its population of about 4 million is mainly of European descent, with a significant Maori minorityNew Zealand 9The population of this territory of Australia, which occupies much of the center of the continent, is concentrated along its major road known as the Stuart Highway. Its capital of Darwin is situated along Australia's northern coast.Canberra 10This Southeast Asian country was once split into North and South, and was only reunified in 1975, after the end of a long military conflict that involved the United States. Its capital is the city of Hanoi. Vietnam 11This river system, the world's largest, is located mainly in Brazil and flows through the world's largest rain forest. Its unexplored areas many be home to many previously unknown species of plants and animals. Amazon 12This city, the capital of Argentina, is the second largest metropolitan area in South America.Buenos Aires
13This country, along South America's northern coast, is a major oil exporter, and the government of its current President, Hugo Chavez, has had a contentious relationship with the US.venezuela 14This long and narrow country along the western coast of South America has its capital at Santiago,and suffered through a devastating 8.8 magnitude earthquake in February 2010.CHILE 15This city, built on the ruins of an ancient Aztec city, is the capital of Mexico and the largest city in the Americas, with a population of over 8.8 million people. mexico city 16This country, the southernmost country in Central America, is home to the canal built by the United States to link the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea. panama
17This US state, which became the 49th state in January 1959, was created out of territory purchased from the Russian Empire in 1867.alaska 18This Southern California city is the second most populous city in the United States, and is known as a center for the film and entertainment industries. los angeles 19This city is situated within the District of Columbia, and serves as the capital of the United States. washington DC 20This very poor country located on the western half of the island of Hispaniola, whose capital is Port-au-Prince, has suffered a number of devastating natural disasters in recent months, including earthquakes and tropical storms.haiti 21What country, with its primate city of Prague, was once part of Czechoslovakia?czech republic
22This country, on the western end of Europe's Iberian peninsula, has its capital at Lisbon.portugual 23This European country, known for its political neutrality and its picturesque alpine landscapes, chose not to join the European Unionswitzerland 24The entrepot city of Copenhagen is the capital of this European country.denmark 25This Eastern European country suffered through a devastating war with neighboring Serbia from 1990-1995 that sparked an international response.bosnia 26
This low-lying European country, part of the Benelux, employs a sophisticated system of dykes and flood control to keep its land from being inundated by the sea.netherlands 27Which mountainous republic within the Russian Federation has its capital at Grozny, and has been the scene of repeated conflicts between separatists and pro-Russian supporters?chechnya 28This historic city, located in the northwestern portion of Russia, was an example of a forward capital for the Russian Empire.st.petersburg 29This major city in the Russian Federation’s Far Eastern District is the terminus for the Trans-Siberian Railway.vladivostok 30This north-south running mountain range is generally considered to be the dividing line between the European-influenced area of Russia and its Asian territory.ural mountains
31The cities of Marrakech and Casablanca are located in what North African country, which is also home to the Berber ethnic group? morocco 32The city of Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, is located in what modern-day country?turkey 33This city, in the Nile River Delta, is one of the most densely populated cities in the world and the capital of Egyptcairo 34The Darfur Province in this country has been the scene of violent conflict and ethnic cleansing in recent yearssudan 35Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, is located in this modern-day countryiraq
36This republic in Central Asia is home to the largest desert steppe in the world, and the launch site for missions to the International Space Stationkazakhstan 37This mountain range stretches through the North African countries of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisiaatlas mountains 38This Central Asian country, whose capital is Kabul, has had a turbulent history of foreign intervention, including a Soviet invasion in 1979 and Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001afghanistan 39This country, with the world's largest oil reserves, is home to the cities of Mecca and Medina, which are considered holy sites for those who practice Islamsaudi arabia
40This majority of the population in this country, whose capital is Tehran, are Shi'ite Muslimsiran 41This city is the capital of Kenya, and is home to over 3 million peoplenairobi 42This country along Africa's eastern coast has been the scene of ongoing conflict, and pirates from this country plague international shipping in the nearby waters.somalia 43This West African country was one of the first to gain independence from its colonial rulers, and its capital Accra has over 2 million peopleghana 44This large island, off the southeastern coast of Africa, is home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals, many found nowhere else on Earth.madagascar
45This city is the largest city in South Africa, and is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa. It has a population of about 3.6 million people and is a center of the gold and diamond trade. johannesburg 46This country in Southern Africa was once a Portuguese colony, and after independence, suffered through a violent civil war from 1975-2002. Its capital city is Luanda, with a population of around 5 million people.angola 47This former French colony in Equatorial Africa is located to the east of the former British colony of Nigeria, and its capital is the city of Yaounde.cameroon 48This East African country is home to Serengeti National Park and Mount Kilimanjaro, and the major coastal city of Dar es Salaam.tanzania 49
This Central African country, formerly known as Zaire, has its capital at Kinshasa, and is dominated by the Congo River basin. the congo 50This country was formerly part of the British colony of Rhodesia, and its president, Robert Mugabe, has been in power since the end of the country's post-independence civil war in 1979. The country's capital is the city of Hararezimbabwe 51This small, mountainous country north of India is one of the most remote and closed-off countries in the world, and its people actually measure their level of happiness. Its natural beauty and unique cultural heritage have led some to call it the "Last Shangri-La."bhutan 52This city on the western coast of India, is currently India's most populous city, with a population of over 20 million and growing, and was known as Bombay until 1995. mumbai 53This group of over 1000 small islands off the southern coast of India relies on tourism and is facing the prospect of being inundated by rising sea levels.maldives
544. This country, whose capital is Dhaka, is very densely populated and is subject to frequent devastating floods from the Ganges River and tropical cyclones. bangladesh 55This city of over 17 million people is situated in the north central part of India, and serves as its capital.New Delhi 56This large country on China's northern border, whose capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar, is the most sparsely populated country in the world, and most of its land area is desert steppe.mongolia 57This city along China's southern coast is one of the world's leading financial centers, and was a British possession until 1997, when it was returned to China and became China's first Special Administrative Region (SAR).hong kong 58
This country is home to technology companies Samsung and LG, and its capital city, Seoul, hosted the Olympic Games in 1988.south korea 59This city is the capital of Japan, and its Akihabara District is a world famous electronics and technology shopping area.tokyo 60This island nation was once known as Formosa, is recognized as an independent country by most of the world, but is considered by the Chinese government to be a 'wayward' province that rightfully belongs to China.taiwan
(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Subsaharan AfricaCongo River, Congo Basin, Lake Victoria, Gulf of Guinea, Mocambique Channel, Kalahari Basin, 2(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: South Asia Himalayas, Ganges River, Indus River, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, 3(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: East Asia
Gobi Desert, Northeast China Plain, South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, East Sea (Sea of Japan), Yellow River, Long River, West River, 4(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Southeast AsiaPhilippine Sea, Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea, Jakarta Bay, Mekong River, Timor Sea, Red River Delta, Strait of Malacca, 5(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: The Austral RealmGreat Barrier Reef, Great Dividing Range, Southern Ocean, Tasman Sea, Bass Strait, Gulf of Carpentaria, Coral Sea, Arnhem Plateau, Great Austrailian Bight, Cape York Peninsula, 6(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Pacific RealmHigh islands, Volcanoes, Low islands, Coral, Pacific Ocean, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, 7(At least) 3 Problems of: Subsaharan AfricaPoverty, AIDS, Water supply, Severe dislocation=largest refugee population in the world, Tropical, non-freezing climates=breeding bacteria, Gov't mismanagement & poor leadership afflict economies, bad boundary framework, weakest link in int'l econ
8(At least) 3 Problems of: South AsiaPoverty, Annual monsoon dominates life, High population growth, 9(At least) 3 Problems of: East AsiaPolitical geog has flashpoints that can cause conflict, Has world's deadliest mining industry, 10(At least) 3 Problems of: Southeast AsiaVolcanic activity, earthquakes, Mismanagement & corruption in Indonesia=no dominant state, Democracy faltering in Malaysia, East Timor nation-building project failed, Cambodia's social geography suffers fm aftereffects of Indochina War 11(At least) 3 Problems of: Austral RealmEnvironmental degradation, Aboriginal land issue has had a polarizing effect on politics & society-may overwhelm court system & inhibit economic growth, climate change is worsening droughts=firestorms, 12(At least) 3 Problems of: Pacific RealmMaritime boundary problems, exclusive economic zones, rising sea levels threaten existence of entire Pacific
study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surfaceHuman geography 2study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of placesPopulation Geography 3four major clusters on population distributioneast asia, south asia, europe, eastern north america 4is the study of measuring population structure and changeDemography 5number of people per areal unitpopulation density
6population per unit of cultivatable landphysiological density 7A wide-ranging and comprehensive field that studies spatial aspectsof human culturescultural geography 8shared patterns of learned behaviorculture 9culture is the ________agent 10natural environment in the _______medium
11the ___________ from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyondsource areas 12is an organized set of practices that profess to explain our existence and 'purposereligion 13seek to expand their reach and memebershipuniversalizing religions 14are tied to birth, passed down through generationsethnic religions 15the study of the interaction of geographical area and political processpolitical geography
16a politically organized territorystate 17a state must containa permanent resident population
an organized economy
a functioning internal circulation
18no global government, but political bodies are linkingglobal governance 19mostly for trade and mutual defensecountry groupings
20global economic integrationglobalization 21reverses trends of globalization by favoring the localnull
examines how natural forces shape Earthphysical geography 2how human interaction modifies the environment and the spatial organization of human activity human geography 3the study of place and spacegeography
4geography studies the ________ and ___________ of features on the earth's surfacelocation and distribution 5geographic realms and/or regions based on sets of spatial criteriageographers 6broadest divisions of the physical worldlandmasses and oceans 7realms are based on _________ __________spatial critreria 8realms are the result of the interaction between ________ and ______ __________ societies & natural environments
9where geographic realms meettransition zones 10zones are marked by a ___________ _________ (rather than a sharp break ) in the characteristics that distinguish neighboring realmsgradual shift 11areas of the earth's surface marked by certain ________properties 12criteria can be:human, physical, or both 13________ are smaller and more detailed than realmsregions
14marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomenaformal region 15literally means 'country behindHinterland 16a term that applies to the survice area 'behind' an urban centerhinterland 17a region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal strcturefunctional region
(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: Europe
WATER: Aegean, Adriatic, Baltic, Black, Mediterranean, North, Norwegian Seas. Thames, Seine, Rhine, Rhone, Danube Rivers. MTNS: Alps, Appennines, Carpathians, Dolomites, Pyrenees 2(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: RussiaWATER: Don, Irtysh, Lena, Ob, Volga Rivers. Barents, Caspian, East Siberian & Sea of Okhotsk. MTNS: Ural, Caucasus, Central Asian Ranges. OTHER: Russian Plain, West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, Yakutsk Basin, (Kamchatka Peninsula) 3(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: North AmericaWATER: Atlantic/Pacific/Arctic, Gulfs of Alaska & Mexico, Atlantic Seaboard, Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, Labrador Sea. Rio Grande, Mississippi, Columbia Rivers. MTNS: Rocky, Sierra Nevada, Cascade. OTHER: Great Plains, Pacific Hinge 4(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: Middle AmericaWATER: Gulfs of California, Mexico, Honduras & Panama, Panama Canal, Carribean Sea 5(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: South AmericaWATER: Atlantic/Pacific, Carribean Sea, Amazon River, Guanabara Bay. MTNS: Andes. OTHER: Amazon Basin
6(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: North Africa/SouthWest AsiaWATER: Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Nile River, Niger River, Tigris/Euphrates River OTHER: Fertile Crescent 7(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: EuropeRapidly aging population, in demographic decline. Demands for greater autonomy & cultural challenges posed by immigration are straining European social fabric. East-West contrasts. 8(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: RussiaCorrupt gov't. Media controlled by gov't = slanted/censored coverage. 9(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: North AmericaIllegal Immigration. Major recession. Loss or decline of major industries/Moving factories to other countries decreasing jobs in America. U.S.-continued wars. Large, dysfunctional gov't. Can.-low birth rate, Immigrants don't want to learn French. 10(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: Middle America
Drug Wars/Kidnapping, Murder. Factories provide "new jobs" but they are short-term & pull out, leaving major problems (health, pollution...) 11(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: South AmericaNot good infrastructure. Buenos Aires "rules"=disparities in rest of country. Ecuador=threat of mudslides, volcanoes. Columbia=Drug trafficking/corrupt police, insurgent regions. Brazil=destruction of the Amazon, gov't passes but can't enforce laws 12(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: North Africa/SouthWest AsiaEgypt=pop x2 each 20-25 yrs, Finite H2O (Regulation of the Nile), Paving over best agricultural land, Dictatorship
