Human Genetics Ch. 13.1-13.4. Why Study Our DNA? Learn the effects of mutations Understand how...

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Transcript of Human Genetics Ch. 13.1-13.4. Why Study Our DNA? Learn the effects of mutations Understand how...

  • Slide 1
  • Human Genetics Ch. 13.1-13.4
  • Slide 2
  • Why Study Our DNA? Learn the effects of mutations Understand how genetic diseases are generated Propose possible treatments for genetic diseases Identify causes of genetic diseases Unfortunately, inheritance is mostly NON-Mendelian The alleles for traits are passed on and expressed in complex ways
  • Slide 3
  • Genetic Linkages What is Mendels Principle of Independent Assortment? Genes are separated independently into gametes and thus offspring We have only 23 chromosomes, why is complete independent assortment impossible? 100,000 of genes and only 23 chromosomes to be condensed into; some genes have to share the same chromosome Genes on the same chromosome are linked genes In order to study inheritance of multiple genes, we are going to have to map out what genes are on what chromosomes
  • Slide 4
  • Mapping A Chromosome Morgan and Sturtevant; 1900s Cross-breeding fruit flies; Drosophila melanogaster (model genetic studies organism) pr + pr + vg + vg + red eyes; long wings + = wild type (normal/dominate) prpr vgvg purple eyes; vestigial wings Expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (all combinations of eye color and wing type) Got almost 1:1 of parental phenotypes (Red/Long: Purple/Vestigial Small percent were Red/Vestigial or Purple/Long (recombinant phenotype)
  • Slide 5
  • Mapping A Chromosome Why a near 1:1 of the parental phenotypes? Genes are linked; eye color and wing type are on the same chromosome Why the small percent of recombinant phenotype? Crossing Over during meiosis; Genes must have been switched on homologous chromatids If two sections of a chromosome are switching places, than what can you conclude about the percent of genes you would see switched in an organism? The further away the genes are from each other on the chromosome the more likely they will get switched
  • Slide 6
  • Recombinant Frequencies Of the F 1 generation; 305 had recombinant phenotypes of the 2,839 total progeny (offspring). What is the recombinant frequency? 10.7% (305/2,839 *100) Sturtevant brilliantly deduced that recombinant frequencies between multiple linked genes could be use to map out the locations of genes on their chromosome

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