Human Genetic Disorders€¦ · Human Genetic Disorders Types of Genetic Disorders: 1) Cystic...
Transcript of Human Genetic Disorders€¦ · Human Genetic Disorders Types of Genetic Disorders: 1) Cystic...
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Human Genetic Disorders How many chromosomes do you see in this picture?
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p. 88Human Genetic Disorders
(text p. 150)
Genetic Disorder: an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. Some are caused by mutations in the DNA of genes Some by the structure or number of chromosomes
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Human Genetic Disorders Types of Genetic Disorders:
1) Cystic Fibrosis: a genetic disorder where the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines-caused by a recessive allele with mutations
2) Sickle Cell Disease: affects hemoglobin so the sickle red blood cells cannot carry as much oxygen as normal cells-caused by having two sickle cell co-dominant alleles
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Human Genetic Disorders Types of Genetic Disorders:
3) Hemophilia: a genetic disorder in which a person’s blood clots very slowly or not at all-caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome, more
common in males
4) Down Syndrome: a person’s cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21 (three chromosomes instead of two)-caused during meiosis when chromosomes fail to separate
correctly
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Human Genetic Disorders Pedigree: a chart or family tree that tracks which
members of a family have a particular trait
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Human Genetic Disorders p. 88-89Managing Genetic Disorders:
1) Karyotype: a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell2)Genetic Counseling: counselors that use tools such as karyotypes, pedigree charts and punnett squares to help them in their work; give advice on chances of passing on disorders3) Medical Treatment is available: physical therapy, medicine, education and job training
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Review Questions Identify two major causes of genetic disorders in
humans. Which one is responsible for Down syndrome?
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What is a pedigree? What is a karyotype? What is the purpose of a genetic counselor? Explain one genetic disorder and the cause of it.