Human Factors Workshop
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Transcript of Human Factors Workshop
Human Factors
Housekeeping• Toilets
• Evacuation
• Breaks
• Cell phones
• Park It Chart
• Expectations
• Enjoy!
Aim
To reduce rail safety occurrences attributable to human error
Prevent harm to rail employees and passengers
Increase public confidence in rail transport systems
Origin - Tenerife
Most accidents are caused by the inability of
crews to respond appropriately to the situation
in which they find themselves.
Experiential LearningIndividual reflection on past behaviour in a given organisational situation
Gain sufficient insight to form a rational basis for more effective behaviour in the future
Shared learning
Purpose
Crew Resource ManagementKnowledgeSkillsAttitude
Self managementOptimal use of available resources – equipment, procedures and people
Right
Elements Communication FatigueLeadershipNutritionTeamwork Defensive DrivingAdaptability Cab EnvironmentDecision makingSituational awarenessShift work Sleep
Assumptions, incorrect information and misunderstandings Remain focused on the messageClear, brief and unmistakableRelevant Agree on action to be taken Repeat message to confirm understandingWhere practical write it downDon’t be afraid to ask
Ability to direct and coordinate Work as a teamLead by exampleDecisiveDelegate tasksProvide feedbackKeep crew informedOpen to suggestionsNot afraid to question and be questioned
Leadership
TogetherEveryoneAchievesMore
Good communicationGood situational awareness
Good understanding of individual role and responsibility
Teamwork
It’s not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters
(Epictetus)
Adaptability
Ability to alter course of action when new information becomes availablePrioritise, and Delegate tasks
Using logical and sound judgement to make decisions based on available informationSituation assessmentInformation verificationSolution identification / Problem solvingAnticipate consequences of decisionsInform others of decisions and rationaleDecision evaluation
Decision Making
Conscious recognition of all the factors and conditions – operational, technical and humanHazards:FatigueBoredomTask familiarityTask fixation
Have a clear and up to date understanding of your immediate environment and what may happen next
Share knowledge and information with team membersCorrect interpretation of information
Base decisions on this shared understanding of the situation
Situational Awareness
Reduced restorative value of sleep
++++++++
Alteration of circadian rhythm
Shift Work
Impacts on personal and social life
Mainly a restorative process for brain functionMost people need an average of 8 hoursSleep debtAmount and structure changes with ageSleep apnoea – loud snoring, restless sleep and daytime sleepinessAttention capacity deficit Generally we are poor at estimating our levels of sleepinessReduced information processing Decremented vigilance and performanceWhat about radio, coffee etc????
Sleep
The 3 – 5 dip
Get comfortableCorrect room temperature (18O – 20O )Pre sleep routine – gentle exercise, hobby, music, mental and physical relaxation techniquesNoiseOptimum darknessRole of caffeine, nicotine and alcohol Eat only a light snack or small drink before sleepProtect your sleep time
Sleep improvement
Fatigue Progressive loss of mental and physical alertness
Causes:
Irregular sleep times
Mental stress/workload
Effects:
Concentration lapses / Alertness loss
Reduces short term memory
Erodes the safety margin
Impairs cognition
Reduces hand-eye co-ordination
Incorrect reading of equipment
Missing the reference point
Degraded memory, decision making and perception
Yawning , easily distracted, micro sleep
Miscalculations of speed and distance, disorientated
Quality sleepRegular exercise Nutrition and hydrationLower cab windows to increase ventilationIf stationary - stand up and stretchRisk Triggered Commentary
Beat fatigue
Irregular meal timesReactive slump – 90 minutes after big meals
Tips: Formulate a routine
Avoid heavy meals before bedtimeSnacking on low GI foods – fresh fruit and vegies,
nuts, low fat dairy products, wholegrain bread, legumes, etc.
Hydration
Health & Nutrition
Consult
Colleagues Team LeadersTraining TeamAction committees EAP
Safe High Performance
Feel professionalAbility to work alone and make decisionsAnticipation – think aheadRecognition and responseReturning from leaveChanged conditions (environment / instructions)Could that happen to me?What could I have done to prevent it?Do I need to alter my driving style?
Defensive Driving
Defensive Driving Cont…..Hazards and Risks:GradientsSignal recognition, positioning and sightingSeasonal changes – sun strike, autumnal foliage, icy conditionsLow adhesion Known trespass areasExtreme weather Area of activity – worksites, depots, yards, special operating instructionsOperating with system failuresChange oversTechniques:Signal alertActive responseVisualise stopping markIf possible leave FS as reserveProgressive braking “20/200 principle”What’s your safe practice?Risk Triggered Commentary
“DON’T CHASE SIGNALS AS THEY WILL CATCH YOU FIRST”
Cab Environment