Human Factors in Aviation/ The Failing Aviator CDR Mark Mittauer NOMI Psychiatry.
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Transcript of Human Factors in Aviation/ The Failing Aviator CDR Mark Mittauer NOMI Psychiatry.
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Human Factors in Aviation/ The Failing Aviator
CDR Mark Mittauer
NOMI Psychiatry
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Outline
Human Factors in Aviation Five Types of High Risk Aviators
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Human Factors in Aviation
Definition: The personal and professional concerns that interfere with an aviator’s ability to fly safely and effectively
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Reference on Human Factors
COMNAVAIRLANT INSTRUCTION 5420.5C (Human Factors Council and Human Factors Board Policy and Procedures)
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Why so we care about human factors in aviation?
What percentage of aviation mishaps are caused by “pilot error”?
About 75%
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The Problem ...
Fellow aviator peers and supervisors often know that an aviator is stressed - but do not speak up
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Why are squadron members reluctant to express concern about a stressed aviator?
fear of “contamination” (if Viper can’t hack it, maybe I will also have problems)
embarrassment - that a squadron “bubba” is failing
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Why might the aviator himself avoid asking for help?
denial - a normal defense used by all successful aviators
fear of extrusion from the squadron stigma of psychiatric illness (false) belief that psychiatric treatment
means permanent grounding
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Human Factors Problems in Mishaps
The aviator has inadequate knowledge, skill, or discipline - to fly safely
The aviator is overwhelmed due to personal problems
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Personal Problems Facing Aviators
medical conditions (cold) alcoholism family problems financial stress welcome changes - new child
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Personal Problems (Job)
disappointing training evaluation or fitness report
passed over for promotion flying qualifications not current new position (mission commander)
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Personal Problems Unique to Female Aviators(?)
death of a close friend in an aircraft mishap perceived sexual harassment/hostile work
environment
(one study found this factor in 25% of overstressed female aviators)
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How do these problems affect the stressed aviator?
fatigue distraction (unable to compartmentalize) poor judgment excessive risk-taking (safety violations) poor communication and coordination with
other aircrew
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Potentially Dangerous Aviators
overstressed aviator below average nugget or transition aviator consistent poor performer overconfident senior aviator best pilot/NFO (“ace of the base”)
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Overstressed Aviator - Characteristics
faces major life stressors or many minor stressors
mood swings anger outbursts depression anxiety/panic attacks unable to compartmentalize suicidal or homicidal thoughts
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Overstressed Aviator - Interventions
temporary grounding flight surgeon evaluation mental health referral:
- psychiatrist or psychologist
- social worker (Family Service Center)
- chaplain
Note: Mental Health referral is not a career-
ender
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Below Average Nugget/Transition Aviator
behind peers in training fails exams/flight “downs” poor knowledge of procedures inadequate skills poor headwork lacks confidence
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Below Average Nugget - Interventions
remedial training “roll back” in training crew with best instructor minimize collateral duties honest, but constructive, debriefs
(not a problem in VT-86!)
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Consistent Poor Performer(“weak stick/scope?”)
poor progress completing qualifications frequent snivels out of flights task saturation often loses “SA” bag (situation awareness) lacks confidence
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Poor Performer - Interventions
monitor performance closely remedial training crew with best instructor minimize collateral duties
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Overconfident Senior Aviator -Characteristics
away from the aircraft too long infrequent flight time “been there, done that” attitude (feels that
experience replaces proficiency) NATOPS? intimidates junior aircrew
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Senior Aviator - Interventions
CO confront and counsel crew with other senior aviators additional flight time
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Best Aviator - Characteristics
may overestimate ability “pushes the envelope” underestimates mission risk violates NATOPS/SOP poor aircrew coordination (does not request
input from other aircrew)
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Best Aviator - Interventions
CO confront clarify standards/SOP restrict flights
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Behavior of the Failing Male Aviator
“acting out” (alcohol excess, the red Corvette, partying)
displays of bravado:
- “carrier quals” at Happy Hour
- unsafe flying macho posturing
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Do failing “minority” aviators act differently?
perhaps
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Study by Berg and Moore of 12 failing female aviators
emotional distress “hidden”
(more depression, guilt, hopelessness) social withdrawal NO “acting out” or risk-taking
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Why might failing female aviators behave differently?
need for acceptance in the mostly male squadron
do not want to be labeled as “weak” females
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Pearls
Female aviators may be affected by different stresses - compared to males
Stressed aviators today may have more subtle signs of being overwhelmed
DO NOT rely on the aviator to determine if he/she cannot compartmentalize!
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Finis