Human Diversity in a Shared Space concept: Universal Design process as a way forward?
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Human Diversity in a Shared Space concept: Universal Design process
as a way forward?
Neil Murphy MRIAI,Centre for Excellence in Universal
DesignShared Space Seminar
6th May 2009
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Presentation Topics• Background & history of Universal Design• What is Universal Design?
• Age & Disability Statistics
• How to use Universal Design principles to design Shared Space?
• Shared Space seeks to achieve a Universally Accessible environment
• Do Designers / users understand the concept of Shared Space?
• New International Movements – Universal Design Cities, Walkability, Age Friendly Cities
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Background and history of Universal Design• Origins found in Independent
Living, one of the US social movement of the 1960s. First independent standard developed in 1961.
• Further federal laws and standards throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
• State codes introduced in the 1970s.
• Universal Design began to develop in the mid 1980s.
• Federal laws and regulations continued to develop in the 1980s and 1990s.
(Duncan, 2007)
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What is Universal Design?
Universal Design is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability
(Synopsis of the Irish Disability Act 2005)
Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, CEUD Established January, 2007 in the NDA
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Universal Design aims:
“to maximize the number of [people] who can readily use a product, building or service which may be achieved by:
(i) designing products, services and environments that are readily usable by most users without any modification,
(ii) by making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and
(iii) by having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for persons with disabilities.”
(Text common to Standards groups including: ISO, CEN, NSAI)
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The 7 Principles of Universal Design were developed in 1997 by a working group of architects, product designers, engineers and environmental design researchers, led by the late Ronald Mace in North Carolina State University
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• Principle 1: Equitable Use • The design is useful and marketable
to people with diverse abilities.
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• Principle 2: Flexibility in Use • The design accommodates a wide
range of individual preferences and abilities.
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• Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use • Use of the design is easy to
understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
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• Principle 4: Perceptible Information • The design communicates necessary
information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.
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• Principle 5: Tolerance for Error • The design minimizes hazards and the
adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
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• Principle 6: Low Physical Effort • The design can be used efficiently and
comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
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• Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use • Appropriate size and space is provided
for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.
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Aims of the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design (CEUD)
Standards• Stimulate research• Participate in Standardisation work nationally
and internationally• Provide advice to stakeholders• Encourage compliance
Education and Professional Development• Incorporation into design curriculum• Application of Universal Design for Learning
approach to teaching and examinationsAwareness
• Best practice database• Promote awareness and understanding
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Education
Gov Depts &Public Bodies
Industry
People with Disabilities,
General Public
Professional Bodies
CEUD
CEUD Stakeholders
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Projected Population Growth
What portion of the Population in Europe is
projected to grow by 300% over the period 1960-
2020?
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Called the “Old Old” (people over the age of 80
years)
The incidence of disability increases with age
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• 323,707 people with disabilities (8%)
• 136,696 >65 years• Incidence of disability increases with age
• 65 year old 9 times more likely to developdisability than person aged 15-24
• Of disabled people aged 65 years or overtwo thirds experience multiple disabilities
National Disability Survey 2006
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Older people with a disability
• 36% of people with a disability are aged 65 and over • 1 in 5 people with a disability are aged 75 and over (22%)
• 83% of those aged 75 and over with a disability reported a Mobility & dexterity impairment• 94% of these had difficulty walking for about 15 minutes• 80% had difficulty going outside of home
• 39% have a Remembering & concentrating impairment National Disability
Survey 2006
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Potential Support Ratio
• Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is the ratio of the number of 15-64 year olds who could support one person 65+
• • In 1950 the PSR was 12:1• • In 2000 the PSR was 9:1• In 2050 the PSR will be 4:1
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Functional Capacity over life span
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Prevalence of disability by age grouprate per thousand
35 38 59 86135
181
377
110 83164
210300
395
660
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0-17 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75 & over
Census disability sample
Total population
Central Statistics Office, National Disability Survey 2006
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How to use Universal Design principles to design Shared Space?
Stakeholders
Plan for better interaction between Design Team
Inclusion of Universal Design Champion on Design Team
Visit & study existing sites
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How Shared space can effect those who use it?
Example of Shared Space, O’Connell St., Dublin
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Risks & Safe Spaces
Example of shared Space, O’Connell St., Dublin
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Alternatives?
Wider & clearer pavements with more frequent crossings?
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Stakeholders
Travel Plans
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Example of Shared Space
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• Do Designers / users understand the concept of Shared Space?
• Safe Spaces in Shared Spaces?
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Shared Space – Removal of barriers or discrimination?
Example of Shared Space
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Reduction of street furniture? i.e Bollards, sign poles, light poles
Examples of Shared Space
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International Movements
• Universal Design Cities – New York
• Walkability
• Age Friendly Cities
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Walkability
• Streets Designed for Everyone• Complete Streets are roads are designed for everyone
who uses them, including bicyclists, pedestrians of all ages and abilities, and people getting on and off transit vehicles. These streets are:
• Accessible: There are wheelchair ramps, plenty of benches with shade, sidewalks on all streets, etc.
• Well-connected: Streets form a connected grid that improves traffic by providing many routes to any destination.
• Built for the right speed: Lanes are narrow or traffic calming is in place to control speed.
• Comfortable: Pedestrian medians at intersections, count-down crosswalk timers, bicycle lanes, protected bus shelters, etc. make the street work better for those outside of a car.
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Walkability• What makes a neighbourhood walkable?
• A centre: Walkable neighbourhoods have a discernable centre, whether it's a shopping district, a main street, or a public space.
• Density: The neighbourhood is compact enough for local businesses to flourish and for public transportation to run frequently.
• Mixed income, mixed use: Housing is provided for everyone who works in the neighbourhood: young and old, singles and families, rich and poor. Businesses and residences are located near each other.
• Parks and public space: There are plenty of public places to gather and play.
• Pedestrian-centric design: Buildings are placed close to the street to cater to foot traffic, with parking lots relegated to the back.
• Nearby schools and workplaces: Schools and workplaces are close enough that most residents can walk from their homes.
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Age friendly cities
An Age-friendly city encourages active ageing by optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age.
(WHO) World health Organisation Initiative
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Conclusions
• Further Research
• Use Universal Design Process – engage the users
• CEUD – Study Day on Research in Shared Space May 09
• Folding the concept into International movements
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UPCOMING EVENT
June 9th 2009 Morning Seminar – NDA PavilionThe design of Kitchens, bathrooms & living spaces for Lifetime Adaptable Homes
Speaking: Alison Wright, Interior Designer, inclusive design specialist & designer of Living Works range