Human-Computer InteractionComputer Interaction CSG 170 · Human-Computer InteractionComputer...

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9/16/2008 1 Human-Computer Interaction Human Computer Interaction CSG 170 Prof. Timothy Bickmore Please make a name tag… Overview for Today Introductions Introductions Overview of HCI Overview of the Course Some basic concepts Model Paper Presentations Paper assignments for next week Project Overview Brainstorming exercise

Transcript of Human-Computer InteractionComputer Interaction CSG 170 · Human-Computer InteractionComputer...

9/16/2008

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Human-Computer InteractionHuman Computer InteractionCSG 170

Prof. Timothy Bickmore

Please make a name tag…

Overview for Today

Introductions Introductions Overview of HCI Overview of the Course Some basic concepts Model Paper Presentations

Paper assignments for next week

Project Overview Brainstorming exercise

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Introductions

Name Name Your background Worst user interface you have ever

used & why

My BackgroundCareer 1 – Rocket Scientist

’86-’90

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My BackgroundCareer 2 – HCI

’95-’98

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Affective Computing

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Introductions

Name Name Your background Worst user interface you have ever

used & why

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Overview of HCI

What is HCI? What is HCI? Motivation for HCI Some basic concepts

What is HCI?ACM SIGCHI Curricula for HCI

Human computer interaction is a Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.

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What is HCI?

Communications

What is HCI?extensional definition

Human factors Human factors GUIs & toolkits Mobile computing Speech interfaces

S i l i t f Social interfaces Multimodal interfaces …

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Why Study HCI?

HCI is Importantfrom Nielsen – Usability Engineering

Redesign of rotary dial telephone speeded up Redesign of rotary dial telephone speeded up users’ dialing behavior by 0.15 sec/digit, saving $1M in reduced demand on central switches.

Redesign insurance forms to reduce customer errors: cost Aus$100 000; savingserrors: cost Aus$100,000; savings Aus$500,000/year.

Redesign of Boeing 757 flight deck interface to reduce flight crew from 3 to 2

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HCI is Importantfrom Nielsen – Usability Engineering

Study of software engineering costs Study of software engineering costs 63% significantly overran budgets 4 reasons rated with highest responsibility:

Frequent change requests by users Overlooked tasks Users’ lack of understanding of their own req’ts Insufficient user-analyst communication &

understanding

Lederer & Prasad, CACM ’92115 surveys of projects >=$50K

HCI is Important

UI strongly affects UI strongly affects perception of software Usable software sells

better “Ease of use” ratingsg

For many shrink-wrapped products a single call to customer support can wipe out profits

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HCI is ImportantFDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health report

Many deaths and injuries attributable to poor Many deaths and injuries attributable to poor human interface (hardware & software) design. oxygen flow control knob, smooth rotation but

with discrete settings and no flow at intermediates

http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/humfac/doit.html

HCI is ImportantJAMA. 2005;293:1197-1203

Study of a hospital computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) Identified 22 ways in which the system caused

patients to get the wrong medicine, e.g. fragmented displays that prevent a coherent view of

patients’ medications pharmacy inventory displays mistaken for dosage

guidelines separation of functions that facilitate double dosing and sepa at o o u ct o s t at ac tate doub e dos g a d

incompatible orders

Three quarters of the house staff reported observing each of these error risks, indicating that they occur weekly or more often

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HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents

Therac-25 performed both radiation treatment and X-rays

HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents

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HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents

Six accidents involving massive overdoses to patients Six accidents involving massive overdoses to patients occurred between 1985 and 1987

Occasional machine malfunctions with little feedback, resulting in repeated dosages (6 in one case)

Poor feedback about which mode the machine was in caused treatments with 125x the expected doseM hi i ll d t d d Machine occasionally underreported dosage

Why do work in HCI?

Interdisciplinary work Interdisciplinary work Interact with people, learn about them

and their work Help people It’s cool It s cool…

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HCI is Cool

HCI is Cool

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HCI is Cool

HCI is Cool

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HCI is Cool

Sit upright Lean Forward Slump Back Side Lean

HCI is Cool

Pinwheels – Example Ambient Interface

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HCI is Cool

HCI is Cool

Gandalf Video

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Some basic issues & concepts

Building good UIs is hard Building good UIs is hard Many iterations Much user interaction Many kinds of expertise 50% of the total lifecycle effort in modern y

software Survey of 74 projects, Myers & Rosson, CHI’92

Some basic issues & concepts

Whether the functionality of

How well users can use

Usability

Whether the functionality ofthe system in principle can do what is needed.

Utility

From Nielsen, Usability Engineering

How well users can usethe system’s functionality.

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Some basic issues & concepts• Ethnography

Design • Task analysis• Design guidelines• Scenarios

• Expert evaluation• Usability testing

ImplementEvaluate

The HCI development process

• Prototyping• GUI tools

y g

Overview of Course

http://www.ccs.neu.edu/course/csg170/

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Overview of Course

Topics covered HCI Theory & Practice HCI Research HCI Programming

Prerequisites Java basics

Overview of Course

Texts Req’d: Dix, et al, Human-Computer

Interaction Opt: Nielsen, Usability Engineering

O t R & C ll U bilit Opt: Rosson & Carroll, Usability Engineering: Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction

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Overview of Course

Weekly Requirements Weekly Requirements Read 50-150 pages Individual homework assignment Team project assignment In-class Quiz

D ib d di i t i l Describe and discuss assignments in class Periodic Requirements

Present a research paper in class

Typical Class1 Quiz1. Quiz2. Review assignments. Presentation and

discussion by randomly selected students.3. Lecture on HCI practice topic.4. Discussion of next week’s assignments.5. Break

I t t h t i b i t t6. Intro to research topic by instructor.7. Research paper presentations by students.

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Overview of Course Quizzes Quizzes

Open book & notes Check understanding and ramifications of

readings. Usually 1-2 analytic questions

“How might you extend the Squishy Interface?” “What was the most significant problem in the evaluation What was the most significant problem in the evaluation

of the Tangible Mud system?” “How might you apply the Wearable Robot to airport

security?” “Compare the learnability of systems X and Y.”

Administrivia

Tim WVH448 csg170@ccs neu edu Tim – WVH448, [email protected] Office hours Mon 3:30-5:30 or by appt In class prior to start

Laura– WVH466, [email protected] Office hours Th 4:00-6:00 or by appt Office hours Th 4:00 6:00 or by appt

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Course Website

ScheduleDate Topics & Readings

Practice Research

9/16 Overview of HCI and course. Model presentationpresentation

9/23 Humans (Dix Ch 1). Computers (skim Dix Ch 2). HCI development process (Dix Ch 6). Guest lecture: Dr. Auerbach, BMC Geriatrics

Older Adults

9/30 Interaction paradigms (Dix Ch 3). Doing observational studies (Fetterman). HCI for older adults.

Ethnography

10/7 Requirements analysis (Dix Ch 13 & 15, Rosson part of Ch 2). Intro to Java Swing

Health interfaces

10/14 Design I (Dix Ch 5, Rosson Ch 3). GUI architectures and tools (Dix Ch 8). Swing events.

GUI tools

10/21 Design II (Rosson Ch 4 & 5). Swing layout managers. Tangible interfaces

10/28 Universal design (Dix Ch 10). Paper prototyping (Rettig). Social interfaces

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Schedule

11/4 Models (Dix Ch 12). Ubicomp (Dix Ch 20). Mobile interfaces

11/11 NO CLASS VETERAN’S DAY11/11 NO CLASS: VETERAN’S DAY

11/18 Heuristic evaluation (Dix Ch 9, Nielsen Ch 5) Affective interfaces

11/25 Dialog-based UIs (Dix Ch 14 & 16). Speech interfaces

12/2 CSCW (Dix Ch 19). CSCW

12/9 Usability testing (Nielsen Ch 6). Other assessment methods (Nielsen Ch 7). Motivation for Usability (Nielsen Ch 1). Olympic

Misc interfaces(Nielsen Ch 7). Motivation for Usability (Nielsen Ch 1). Olympic Message System (Gould).

TBD Final project presentations. (12/19???)

To Do for Next Week1 Read1. Read

1. Dix Chapters 1, 2 (skim) & 62. 3 research papers on HCI for older adults

2. Set up individual course web page1. Note: All assignments must be posted 1 hour before class on due

date.3. Do Homework I1 (UI Critique)4 Look over research papers – select a few you’d like to4. Look over research papers select a few you d like to

present 5. Read through T1 and bibliography of HCI for older adults

– start thinking about what you’d like to do for a project.6. Check your calendar for week of 12/15

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Individual Homework #1 UI Critique Find 2 good & 2 bad examples of UI design Find 2 good & 2 bad examples of UI design Some criteria

Consistency (inter & intra application) Prevent errors Permit error correction Obviousness (“affordances”) Feedback

Include visuals if possible Some examples…

Example 1

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Example 1 - redesign

Example 2

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Example 3

Example 4

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Paper Presentations

Paper Presentations 10-15 minutes total10 15 minutes total

Brief description (least important - everyone has read it) Beyond the paper (demo, video, mock up) Your evaluation How you would extend it (most important part)

Link your ppt to your course web page Or bring a flash drive to class

Do not cut and paste text from paper! read your slides!

Talk to us if you want help… Grading: quality of visuals; quality of oral

presentation; timeliness; 3 items above

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Example Paper Presentation

Schwesig, et al, “Gummi: a b d bl t ” CHI’04bendable computer”, CHI’04

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Gummi: a bendable computer

Interaction based onphysical deformationof a handheld.

2D indication is providedvia a standard touchpadpon bottom of device.

Motivation

Handhelds are hard to interact with Handhelds are hard to interact with Important to consider non-WIMP UIs Display can cover entire surface of

device

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Interaction model Bend in 1D (up or down) Bend in 1D (up or down) Bend state continuously measured (transition). Discrete maximum bend states correspond to single & double

mouse clicks Sample mapping (up/down always mapped to semantically

opposite operations):

Di t D Discrete UpDiscrete Down Discrete Up

Transition Down Transition Up

SelectStart playback

DeselectStop playback

Zoom inIncrease play speed

Zoom outDecrease play speed

Prototype

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Evaluation

Informal usability studies Informal usability studies N=30, “colleagues” 2-3 minutes training Ss “had no difficulty” using discrete

functions; continuous functions tookfunctions; continuous functions took longer to understand and master

Text input was difficult

Beyond the paper:previews

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Beyond the paper:text entry

Beyond the paper:transparency blending

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My Evaluation

Very innovative both in input method Very innovative, both in input method and GUI interaction

Weak evaluation – could have easily provided some quantitative data Even a survey would have been goody g

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How I would extend Gummi Why stop at bending? Why stop at bending?

Stretchable Twistable Foldable

Might be better if top surface were also the touchpad

How to combine with more traditional input devices? Keyboard (top surface?) Speech input?

Laura – Chang, et alLaura Chang, et alPlayful toothbrush

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PresentationVolunteers for Next Week The message center: enhancing elder The message center: enhancing elder

communication - CHI'06

Acceptance and Usability of a Relational Agent Interface by Urban Older Adults -CHI'05

DanceAlong: Supporting Positive Social Exchange and Exercise for the Elderly Through Dance, CHI’05

Team Project

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Team Project Guidelines

Must have a substantial UI Must have a substantial UI UI must be interactive Creative, original, non-obvious is better Ideas: research papers & past CHI,

UIST IUI and bibliographyUIST, IUI, and bibliography…\csg170\oabiblio.htm(linked to Bibliography page)

Team Project Constraints

Each team should have 3 4 members Each team should have 3-4 members Ideally multi-disciplinary Focus: Health Education Application for

Older Adult users Context: Touch screen kiosk in BMC Context: Touch screen kiosk in BMC

Geriatrics clinic waiting room

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Team Project GuidelinesWhy Older Adults?

Pedagogical reasons Pedagogical reasons… High variability in sensory, cognitive, and motor abilities High variability in computer literacy For our population of users – high variability in reading and health

literacy Forces you to think thoroughly about usability & accessibility

issues Drives home “I am not my user” Drives home I am not my user Makes an otherwise abstract exercise very real

And… We will be helping an underserved population Demographic shift in US Older adults in more need of health interventions

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Team ProjectTeam Project Brainstorming Exercise

Project Brainstorming

Think about a graphical user interface Think about a graphical user interface you’d like to build Should be representative of your interests No commitment

Sketch out the idea on a slide i l d i Put a title and your name on it

Be ready to talk about it 15 minutes

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To Do for Next Week Read Read

Dix Chapters 1, 2 (skim) & 6 3 research papers on HCI for older adults

Set up individual course web page Do Homework I1 (UI Critique) Look over research papers – select a fewLook over research papers select a few

you’d like to present Read through T1 and bibliography of HCI for

older adults – start thinking about what you’d like to do for a project.

Check your calendar for week of 12/15