Human cloning
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Transcript of Human cloning
Geneticists group
Cloning
WHAT EXACTLY IS CLONING?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that
every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!
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The types of cloning
Hybrid cloning Therapeutic cloning Reproductive cloning
HOW IS CLONING DONE?
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial embryo
twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
How do these processes differ?
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Artificial Embryo Twinning
Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech version of cloning. As the name
suggests, this technology mimics the natural process of creating identical twins.
Artificial Process Video
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer, (SCNT) uses a different approach than artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact clone, or genetic copy, of an individual. This was the method used to create Dolly the Sheep.
Somatic Process Video
AdVantages and Disadvantages
History of cloning in mammals
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Dolly the sheep Herd of mice Cat (CC)
DEGREE OF AGING
One risk of cloning is that the cells of the clone can aging faster than the normal persons
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH INTO CLONING
It is important that we continue to investigate this area to improve the technique and reduce the risks
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Current and potential embryonic stem cell problems:
No current clinical treatments
Few successes in animal models
Difficulty in obtaining pure cultures in the dish
Questions regarding functional differentiation
Difficult to establish and maintain
Problem of immune rejection
Potential for tumor formation and tissue destruction
Genomic instability
Ethically contentious
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Current Clinical Uses of Adult Stem Cells
Cancersleukemias
Autoimmune diseasesAnemias
Bone deformitiesStroke
Parkinson’sSkin
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Kinship between clones and humans
This is a very relevant question.
There is indeed a relationship between the clone and original one. Since we are not facing a real
situation, it is not urgent to create a new concept that would fit this "relationship".
http://www.scientificamerican.com/search/?q=human+cloning
www.humancloning.org
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/03/health_stem_cell_guide/html/5.stm
http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/153623002753632057
Google and Others
Bibliography
Ana Isabel Silva António Pedro Cláudia Costa Filipa Rodrigues Marta Fernández
By
11ºA
Fim da apresentação. Clique para sair.
Reproductive Cloning|Adult dna cloning
Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an
animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal.
Human cloning also falls into this category.
e.g. identical twins
Therapeutic Cloning
The purpose of therapeutic cloning is to extract the stem cells from the
embryos.
Stem cells can be used to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and
various other diseases.
e.g. heart or even just a few cells
Hybrid cloning
A clone has been made from this technique.
It was achieved using a cell from a man's leg and a cow's egg.
It is called hybrid because it uses 2 different power sources.
Advantages1/Potential benefits to modern medicine
2/Helping infertile couples
3/Reverse the aging process
4/Protecting Endangered Species
5/ Improving food supply
Disadvantages
1/The Element of Uncertainty
2/Inheriting diseases
3/The Potential for Abuse
She was born on 5 july 1996.
She was cloned by Ian Wilmut and keith campbell in Scotland
Was the first mammal to be cloned
Died from a progressive lung disease
Dolly the sheep
Herd of mice
The first cloned mammals was a mouse (named "Masha") in 1986, in the Soviet Union.
The cloning was done from an embryo cell.
The first mouse from adult cells, Cumulin, was born in 1997 at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
Over a dozen clones as of 2002.
Cat (CC)
Was born in December 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University created
the first cloned cat, CC (CopyCat).