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Human-CentredDesign

Virpi Roto30.10.2019

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What comes to your mind about Human-Centred Design (HCD)?

Pair discussion, 5 minutes• What is HCD?• Why HCD?• How to design in human-centred way?

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Why Human-Centred Design

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Opponents of HCD“What do you want” is a wrong question.

“Show me how you do X today” gives insights for the designer to improve the world

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Intuitive under-standing of user needs?

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Standard Definition for HCDAn approach to systems design and development that aims to make interactive systems more usableby focusing on the use of the system and applying human factors/ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques• Usable systems can provide a number of benefits, including improved

productivity, enhanced user well-being, avoidance of stress, increased accessibility and reduced risk of harm.

• The term “human-centred design” is used rather than “user-centred design” in order to emphasize that [HCD] also addresses impacts on a number of stakeholders, not just those typically considered as users. However, in practice, these terms are often used synonymously.

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design forinteractive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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An Example Design Process

Double Diamond process by British Design Council

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An Example HCD Process

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Standard Iterative HCD Process

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design forinteractive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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Iterative Design Process in Practice

https://www.dalberg.com/what-human-centered-

design

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Principles of proper HCDWhatever the design process and allocation of responsibilities and roles adopted, a human-centred approach should follow the principles listed below:a) the design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and

environments;b) users are involved throughout design and development;c) the design is driven and refined by user-centred evaluation;d) the process is iterative;e) the design addresses the whole user experience;f) the design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design forinteractive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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Examples of HCDRemarkable designs that fulfil Your needs?

Flashlight on the phone Keep scroll key down-> MiniMap shown

Highlight of my Nokia career:Web browser for small screens

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HCD on our class

Empty your head of assumptionsKeep your eyes and ears open and serve the actual users(target user group)

1. Catering booking. UI for• Event organizers• Restaurant staff

2. Restaurant cabinet booking. UI for • Aalto staff• Restaurant/Hotel staff

3. Gallery area booking. UI for • Aalto staff• Space manager

4. HotDesk booking. UI for• Aalto staff• Space manager

5. Field study equipment booking. For• Researchers• Equipment manager

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HCD process on this class• (Topic, schedule, and process planned by the teachers)• Define the target user group

• As-is scenarios• Personas

• User needs• Functionality matching the needs

1. Storyboard2. UI Sketch3. Prototype

Contextual Interviews

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Sanders, E. B. N., & Stappers, P. J. (2008). Co-creationand the new landscapes of design. Co-design, 4(1), 5-18.

Scope ofthis class

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Involving People in Design – Big Picture

Sampsa Hyysalo et al.

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Dictionary…Accessibilityextent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by peoplefrom a population with the widest range of userneeds, characteristics and capabilities to achieveidentified goals in identified contexts of use

Context of usecombination of users, goals and tasks, resources, and environment (“environment” includes thetechnical, physical, social, cultural and organizational environments)Effectivenessaccuracy and completeness with which usersachieve specified goalsEfficiencyresources (e.g., time, human effort, costs and materials) used in relation to the results achieved

Ergonomics, Human factorsscientific discipline concerned with theunderstanding of interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession thatapplies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performanceGoalintended outcomeInteractive systemcombination of hardware and/or software and/orservices and/or people that users interact with in order to achieve specific goals (this could includepackaging, user documentation, on-line and humanhelp, support and training)

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design for

interactive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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…Dictionary…Prototype ⟨interactive system⟩representation of all or part of an interactive system, that, although limited in some way, can be used for analysis, design and evaluation• Note : A prototype may be as simple as a sketch or

static mock-up or as complicated as a fully functioninginteractive system with more or less completefunctionality.

Satisfactionextent to which the user's physical, cognitive and emotional responses that result from the use of a system, product or service meet the user’s needsand expectations• Note 1: Satisfaction includes the extent to which the

user experience that results from actual use meets theuser’s needs and expectations.

• Note 2: Anticipated use can influence satisfaction withactual use.

Stakeholderindividual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system or in its possession of characteristics that meet their needs and expectationsTaskset of activities undertaken in order to achieve a specific goal. These activities can be physical, perceptual and/or cognitive.• Note: While goals are independent of the means used

to achieve them, tasks describe particular means of achieving goals.

Usabilityextent to which a system, product or service can beused by specified users to achieve specified goalswith effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use• Note: The “specified” users, goals and context of use

refer to the particular combination of users, goals and context of use for which usability is being considered.

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design for

interactive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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…DictionaryUserperson who interacts with a system, product orservice• Note: Users of a system, product or service include

people who operate the system, people who make useof the output of the system and people who support thesystem (including providing maintenance and training).

User experienceuser’s perceptions and responses that result fromthe use and/or anticipated use of a system, productor service• Note 1: Users’ perceptions and responses include the

users’ emotions, beliefs, preferences, perceptions, comfort, behaviours, and accomplishments that occurbefore, during and after use.

• Note 2: User experience is a consequence of brandimage, presentation, functionality, system performance, interactive behaviour, and assistive capabilities of a system, product or service. It also results from theuser’s internal and physical state resulting from priorexperiences, attitudes, skills, abilities and personality; and from the context of use.

User interfaceall components of an interactive system (software or hardware) that provide information and controlsfor the user to accomplish specific tasks with theinteractive systemValidationconfirmation, through the provision of objectiveevidence, that the requirements for a specificintended use or application have been fulfilled• Note: Validation is the set of activities ensuring and

gaining confidence that a system is able to accomplishits intended use, goals and objectives (i.e. meetstakeholder requirements) in the intended operationalenvironment.

Ergonomics of human-system interaction.Part 210: Human-centred design for

interactive systems (ISO 9241-210:2019)

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