Human Body Systems

Pre-AP Biology Book: Chapters 35 - 40

Circulatory System

Pre-AP Biology Book: Pages 942 - 955

FunctionThe Circulatory Systems brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells;

fights infections; removes cell wastes; helps to

regulates body temperature

StructuresHeart

The pump that keeps blood flowing through your body

Blood Vessels Veins

Carry blood towards the heart Arteries

Carry blood away from the heartBlood

Red Blood Cells Carry oxygen to the body cells

White blood cells Defend body against disease

Platelets Cell fragments needed for blood

clotting Plasma

Fluid portion of the blood

How Does this System Relate to others?

Connected to almost all other systems. Works very closely with the respiratory system and the immune system.

Respiratory System

Pre-AP Biology Book: Pages 956 - 963

FunctionThe Respiratory System provides

oxygen needed for cellular respiration

and removes excess carbon dioxide from

the body

StructuresNose and Mouth

Respiration begins with taking in air

Pharynx (Throat)Larynx

Where your vocal cords are

Trachea (Windpipe) Passes air into the bronchi

Bronchi (singular: Bronchus) Passes air from trachea to the lungs

StructuresBronchioles

Each Bronchus in the lungs branches out like a tree into bronchioles

Alveoli Sacs at the end of the

Bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Lungs Diaphragm

Muscle that enables you to breathe

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY

How Does this System Relate to others?

Circulatory – brings O2 to the cells and CO2 back to the lungsExcretory – part of the excretory system to get rid of toxic CO2 from the body

Digestive SystemPre-AP Biology Book: Pages 978 -

984

FunctionThe Digestive System converts

food into simpler molecules that can be used by cells of

the body; absorbs food; eliminates wastes

The entire digestive process takes between 24 and 33

hours

StructuresMouth

The first stop in the disassembly of your food;

Mechanical digestion = chewing and Chemical digestion = enzymes found in saliva

Pharynx (throat)Epiglottis

Small flap that closes over the opening of the respiratory system when swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

Esophagus Muscular tube connecting the

mouth to the stomach

StructuresLiver

Produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats

Gall Bladder Stores bile produced by the liver

Stomach Muscular pouch like organ where

involuntary muscular churning and chemical digestion occurs

Pancreas Secretes enzymes to help break

down carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Small Intestine Narrow muscular tube where

digestion of food is completed with the help of enzymes secreted by the liver and pancreas

StructuresVilli (plural: Villus)

Little projections in the lining of the small intestine that function in the absorption of digested food

Large Intestine (colon) Muscular tube where water and

salts are absorbed; material spends 18-24 hours here

Appendix Tube like extension off of the

large intestine Rectum

The last part of the digestive system, feces are eliminated from the rectum through the anus

How Does this System Relate to others?

Muscular – contains smooth muscleNervous – gets signals that control the rate of digestionCirculatory – broken down food travels through blood vessels to cellsEndocrine – hormones (ex. Insulin) control blood sugar levels