Human Body Systems

12 distinct systems

• The human body is one of the most studied, but least understood biochemical miracles in the universe. Modern medical scientists tell us our bodies are made up of 12 separate systems that amazingly work together to keep us alive. They can’t tell us exactly how it all works to allow for survival.

12 systems

• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous• Endocrine• Cardiovascular/Circulatory

• Lymphatic• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Excretory• Reproductive

Integumentary

• The external covering of the body, comprised of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus).

• Largest organ system.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:3DScience_skin_section_labeled.jpg

Skeletal System

• consists of individual or fused bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage.

Muscular System

• The biological system of an organism that allows it to move.

• The muscular system in humans is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous.

Nervous System• The body's information gatherer, storage

center and control system.

• Its overall function is to collect information about the external conditions in relation to the body's internal state, to analyze this information, and to initiate appropriate

responses to satisfy certain needs.

• (Maintain Homeostasis)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk

Endocrine System

• A control system of ductless glands that secrete hormones that circulate within the body via the bloodstream to affect cells within specific organs.

• It regulates mood, growth & development, tissue function, and metabolism.

• Typical endocrine glands are pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.)

1. Pineal gland

2. Pituitary gland

3. Thyroid gland

4. Thymus

5. Adrenal gland

6. Pancreas

7. Ovary

8. Testis

Cardiovascular System

• an organ system that moves substances to and from cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH (part of homeostasis). Humans have a closed circulatory system.

factoid:

• Your heart beats some 30

million times a year!

http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/~kunkel/gallery/medical/page002/92756a.html

Lymphatic system• A complex network of lymphoid organs,

nodes, ducts, tissues, capallaries and vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system.

Two most important functions:

• Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment.

• Immunity

Respiratory System

• Consists of the airways, 2 lungs, and respiratory muscles that mediate the movement of air in & out of the body.

• Within the alveolar system of the lungs, O2 and CO2 are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous environment and the blood.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:3DScience_respiratory_labeled.jpg

Digestive System• Coiled, muscular tube stretching from

mouth to the anus w/ several specialized compartments: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, lg. intestine & anus.

• Accessory digestive organs are connected to the main system by a series of ducts: salivary glands, parts of the pancreas, liver & gall bladder

Urinary & Excretory Systems• Made-up of kidneys, ureters, bladder, &

urethra. The body must rid itself of the waste products of cellular activity, by EXCRETION. 

• The Urinary System excretes waste & helps maintain Homeostasis by returning the content of water & other substances in the blood.

Reproductive System

• Two different systems for the different sexes, male & female.

• Human reproduction employs internal fertilization, and depends on the integrated action of hormones, the nervous system, and the reproductive system.

Male

Female

5 week fetus

Week 10 – week 16 - week 21 - week 23

Week 28 – week 31- full-term

We truly are the Incredible Human Machine!